Phytochemical and In vitro Antimicrobial Activities of the Fruit Extracts of Xylopia aethiopica [Dun] A. Rich. (Annonaceae) (original) (raw)
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Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 2012
The in- vitro antimicrobial activity of ethanol and aqueous fruit extracts of Xylopia aethiopica , four conventional antibiotics: gentamycin, ampicillin erythromycin and ciprofloxacin and the combination of each extract with the conventional antibiotics were investigated using the agar diffusion method. Clinically isolated strains of bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Escherichia coli , Bacillus subtilis , Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus faecalis and Shigella dysenteriae were used for the assay. The preliminary screening of phytochemical constituents of the fruits of Xylopia aethiopica showed the presence of cardiac glycosides flavonoids, phlobatannins, tannins, phenol, anthraquinones, saponin and steroids. The ethanol extract was active against P. aeruginosa , B. subtilis , S. aureus , but showed no activity against K. pneumoniae and E. coli while the aqueous extract was only active against S.aureus. The test organisms showed susceptibility to the a...
Phytochemical and antimicrobial studies of Xylopia aethiopica stem bark extracts
2022
The preliminary screening of phytochemical constituents of extracts of Xylopia aethiopica was evaluated. The n-hexane extract revealed the presence of terpenoids, alkaloids, and steroids, while the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, steroids, and phenolics was indicated in ethyl acetate extract, and the methanol extract contained tannins, flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, saponins, alkaloids, steroids. The medicinal property of the extracts was investigated using in-vitro antimicrobial assays. The hexane extract indicates potent activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MIC of 100mg/ml and ZI of 20 mm. Methanol and ethyl acetate extracts had inhibitory activities against Candida albican with MIC of 100mg/ml while the standard antibiotics have no inhibitory activities against Candida albican 2 suggesting that these extracts contain certain phytochemical that are active against Candida albican. Saponins which are constituents of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts from the phytochemical screening are known to be antifungal, especially against Candida albican. This suggests that the presence of saponins in both ethyl acetate and methanol extracts may be responsible for the inhibitory activities against Candida albican.
Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Xylocarpusgranatum J.Koenig leaves
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications, 2022
is a traditional Indonesian plant known as "Nyireh". The antimicrobial activity of the ethyl acetate and n-hexane fraction extract of Nyireh's leaves was evaluated against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538), Gramnegative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027), and fungus (Candida albicans ATCC 10231). The extracts were screened for their antimicrobial activity using Kirby-Bauer Disc Susceptibility Test. Both extracts inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus (15.2 mm) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.7 mm), and both fractions did not have antifungal activity against Candida albicans. The phytochemical analysis detected the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids. The findings of the study may be helpful to future investigators in identifying alternative and new bioactive secondary metabolites like antibiotics to treat resistant human pathogens.
The use of plants to prevent and cure diseases traditionally has been a common practice all over the world even with no scientific evidence of why they have been used. Xylopia aethiopica is one of such plant known to be a medicinal plant of great repute in West Africa in the treatment of various diseases. In this study, phytochemical constituent and antimicrobial activities of the stem bark and root extracts of Xylopia aethiopica were investigated. Results obtained showed the presence of some phytochemical compounds known to be biologically active and therefore aid the antimicrobial potency of the plant material. The antimicrobial inhibition of the crude extracts of these plant parts compare quite well with the commercial antibiotic drugs used as standard reference. The results suggest that the pure form of the bioactive compound (s) responsible for this activity may prove to be a better antimicrobial drug.
In vitro antimicrobial activity and preliminary phytochemical screening of some plant extracts
AkiNik, 2020
Antimicrobial activity of five solvent extracts of local plants was evaluated in vitro, with four strains of bacteria viz., Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri (gram-ve), Staphylococcus aureus (gram +ve) and four strains of fungi viz., Alternaria alternata, Penicillium notatum, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium digitatum microorganism. The in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities were tested by agar disc diffusion method. The most active antibacterial plants were Vitex negundo, Tagetes erecta and antifungal plants were Xanthium strumarium, Vitex negundo and Tagetes erecta, respectively. The significant antimicrobial activities of potent extracts were compared with the standard antimicrobiotics, Ciprofloxacin and Fluconazole for bacteria as well as fungi respectively at 1 mg/ml concentration. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of V. negundo leaf, X. strumarium, M. pruriens, C. bonduc seed and T. erecta flower extracts generally revealed the presence of Alkaloids, Steroids, Terpenoids, Phenols, Saponins, Anthraquinones, Amino acids, Carotenoids, Flavonoids and Tannins at various concentrations. The results obtained in this study suggest that X. strumarium, V. negundo, T. erecta can be used in treating diseases caused by these test organisms.
Preliminary in vitro antimicrobial potential and phytochemicals study of some medical plants
F1000Research
Background: Plants in traditional healthcare services in West Africa were selected based on ethnobotanical data for this study. Aqueous and ethanol extracts from these plants’ parts were comparatively screened for phytochemicals and in vitro antimicrobial activity. Methods: The antimicrobial activity of five medicinal plants’ extracts (aqueous and ethanol) were evaluated against Proteus mirabilis (LHC201), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (LHC181) and Aspergillus fumigates (LUML56) using the agar-well diffusion protocol. Retailed chloramphenicol and griseofulvin were used as positive controls respectively. Phytochemicals and percentage yield were determined by modified standard methods. Results: The target bacteria showed varied degrees of susceptibility to both aqueous and ethanol extracts. A. fumigates was insensitive to the treatments. The ethanol extracts of the sampled plants’ parts showed better inhibitory performance against the target bacteria compared to aqueous extracts. Aqueous and...
In Vitro Antimicrobial and Phytochemical Study of Plant Extract
https://www.ijhsr.org/IJHSR\_Vol.8\_Issue.10\_Oct2018/IJHSR\_Abstract.022.html, 2018
Background and Aim: Microorganisms have developed resistance to many antibiotics and this have created immense clinical problem in the treatment of infectious disease. This resistance has increased due to indiscriminate use of commercial anti-microbial drugs commonly used in the treatment of infectious disease. Present study was conducted to investigate antibacterial properties as well as phytochemical study of extract of the Musta, Pippali, Ativisha and Karkatshringi. Material and method-Methanolic extract of each drug was collected in separate sterile vial and preserved at temperature 4 0 C. Kirby-Bauer method was used as suggested by NCCLS (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Services), USA, 2000 for antimicrobial study. For phytochemical study the dried samples were re-suspended in HPLC grade Methanol for HPLC analysis. Result-Six phenolic acids were detected in the four plant samples. The MIC of active extracts was determined by tube dilution method. After incubation the inhibition was observed on Escherichia coli ATCC 25992, V. cholerae 01 Classical and Enterococcus faecalis. Escherichia coli ATCC 25992 was sensitive to alcoholic as well as aqueous extract of Pippali. Conclusion:-it means these plant extracts having high antioxidant property and antibacterial effect as well.
Comparative study of in vitro antimicrobial potential and phytochemicals of some medical plants
F1000Research
Background: Plants in traditional healthcare services in West Africa were selected based on ethnobotanical data for this study. Aqueous and ethanol extracts from these plants’ parts were comparatively screened for phytochemicals and in vitro antimicrobial activity. Methods: The antimicrobial activity of five medicinal plants’ extracts (aqueous and ethanol) were evaluated against Proteus mirabilis (LHC201), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (LHC181) and Aspergillus fumigates (LUML56) using the agar-well diffusion protocol. Retailed chloramphenicol and griseofulvin were used as positive controls respectively. Phytochemicals and percentage yield were determined by modified standard methods. Results: The target bacteria showed varied degrees of susceptibility to both aqueous and ethanol extracts. A. fumigates was insensitive to the treatments. The ethanol extracts of the sampled plants’ parts showed better inhibitory performance against the target bacteria compared to aqueous extracts. Aqueous and...
Comparative study of the phytochemicals and in vitro antimicrobial potential of six medicinal plants
2019
This study sought to investigate the antimicrobial activity of sixBackground: plants used in traditional medicine in Africa. The antimicrobial activity of the six medicinal plant extracts (aqueousMethods: and ethanol) were evaluated against (ATCC 21784), Proteus mirabilis (ATCC27856) were using thePseudomonas aeruginosa Aspergillus fumigatus agar-well diffusion protocol. The activities of these extracts were compared with the positive controls chloramphenicol and griseofulvin. Similarly, the phytochemicals from the extracts were qualitatively assayed and their percentage yield calculated by standard methods. The bacterial organisms used, and , wereResults: P. mirabilis P. aeruginosa slightly-to-highly susceptible to aqueous and ethanolic extracts from the various test plants, while was insensitive to the treatments. The ethanolic A. fumigatus extracts of the sampled plants showed superior inhibitory performance on the target bacteria to the aqueous extracts. Aqueous and eth...
Comparative study of the in vitro phytochemicals and antimicrobial potential of six medicinal plants
F1000Research
Background: This study sought to investigate the antimicrobial activity of six plants used in traditional medicine in Africa. Methods: The antimicrobial activity of the six medicinal plant extracts (aqueous and ethanol) were evaluated against Proteus mirabilis (ATCC 21784), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC27856) were Aspergillus fumigatus using the agar-well diffusion protocol. The activities of these extracts were compared with the positive controls chloramphenicol and griseofulvin. Similarly, the phytochemicals from the extracts were qualitatively assayed and their percentage yield calculated by standard methods. Results: The bacterial organisms used, P. mirabilis and P. aeruginosa, were slightly-to-highly susceptible to aqueous and ethanolic extracts from the various test plants, while A. fumigatus was insensitive to the treatments. The ethanolic extracts of the sampled plants showed superior inhibitory performance on the target bacteria to the aqueous extracts. Aqueous and ethanolic...