Compliance with Standard Precautions: A long way ahead (original) (raw)
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Knowledge and practice of standard precautions in public health facilities in Abuja, Nigeria
International Journal of Infection Control, 2012
Health care Workers (HcWs) are at risk of exposure to infections during the course of carrying out their duties. the practice of standard precautions among healthcare workers (HcWs) in public health facilities in Abuja, Nigeria was evaluated. A cross-sectional survey of 277 HcWs was conducted using a structured questionnaire. Of 277 participants, 83 (29.96%) were doctors; 194 (70.04%) were nurses. Median age (in years) of doctors was 34 (IQr: 30, 39), while nurses was 39 (IQr: 33, 45). Median years of experience for doctors was 7 (IQr: 4, 10) while nurses was 15 (IQr: 9, 20). Only 16.61% of participants had knowledge of the basic concept of standard precautions and 42.24% knew potential sources of occupational exposure. the association between the knowledge of the potential sources of occupational exposures and profession was significant (p=0.011). Hand washing was practiced by 97.46%; 97.83% reported regular use of hand gloves; 88.44% use gown or plastic apron; 68.95% use masks and eye protector. the major factor reported for non-adherence was nonavailability of the materials. Practice of recapping used needle was more common among doctors than nurses (p=0.01). The HCWs hepatitis-B vaccination status was poor; 32.53% of doctors and 28.87% of nurses had ≥1 dose of hepatitis-B vaccine. The difference in hepatitis-B immunization status of doctors and nurses was not significant (p=0.556).
Background: Hepatitis B is the disease of liver caused by a virus (HBV) that can lead to cirrhosis of liver and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study we studied and compared knowledge, attitude and practices regarding safety, transmission of Hepatitis B in junior doctors. Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan started from April 2019 and completed in August 2019. Our study subjects were junior doctors and paramedical staff. 204 people were engaged in our study after being explained with the whole study process and informed consent from them. Results: We studied on a population of 204. 84 (41.2%) were males and 120 (58.8%) were females. 196 (96.1%) of our total subjects knew that Hepatitis transmits from exposure to blood or blood products. 192 (94.1%) knew that all children do need Hepatitis B vaccine. About protection from Hepatitis B by wearing gloves, 179 (87.7%) had opinion that it does protect. 146 (71.6%) participants thought that Hepatitis B is a contagious disease, 53 (26.0%) had idea as hepatitis not being a contagious disease. 175 (85.8%) subjects had their perspective as blood test is the only way to rule out if the person is having Hepatitis B or not. 202 (99.0%) said that the safe disposal of needles is important in control of Hepatitis. 191 (93.6%) of population knew that Hepatitis can cause serious liver disease. 174 (85.3%) subjects said that Hepatitis B can cause liver cirrhosis. 158 (77.5%) said that Hepatitis B can cause Liver Cancer. 176 (86.3%) knew that death can be caused by Hepatitis B. 157 (77.0%) subjects said that there is a treatment available for Hepatitis B. 167 (81.9%) were vaccinated against Hepatitis B. 175 (85.8%) had concept about booster dose. The families of 139 (68.1%) had screening for Hepatitis B. Conclusions: Our study population had knowledge about the transmission and various risks and preventive factors of Hepatitis B
2020
Background: Hepatitis B is the disease of liver caused by a virus (HBV) that can lead to cirrhosis of liver and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study we studied and compared knowledge, attitude and practices regarding safety, transmission of Hepatitis B in junior doctors. Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan started from April 2019 and completed in August 2019. Our study subjects were junior doctors and paramedical staff. 204 people were engaged in our study after being explained with the whole study process and informed consent from them. Results: We studied on a population of 204. 84 (41.2%) were males and 120 (58.8%) were females. 196 (96.1%) of our total subjects knew that Hepatitis transmits from exposure to blood or blood products. 192 (94.1%) knew that all children do need Hepatitis B vaccine. About protection from Hepatitis B by wearing gloves, 179 (87.7%) had opinion that it does protect. 146 (71.6%) participants thought that Hepatitis B is a contagious disease, 53 (26.0%) had idea as hepatitis not being a contagious disease. 175 (85.8%) subjects had their perspective as blood test is the only way to rule out if the person is having Hepatitis B or not. 202 (99.0%) said that the safe disposal of needles is important in control of Hepatitis. 191 (93.6%) of population knew that Hepatitis can cause serious liver disease. 174 (85.3%) subjects said that Hepatitis B can cause liver cirrhosis. 158 (77.5%) said that Hepatitis B can cause Liver Cancer. 176 (86.3%) knew that death can be caused by Hepatitis B. 157 (77.0%) subjects said that there is a treatment available for Hepatitis B. 167 (81.9%) were vaccinated against Hepatitis B. 175 (85.8%) had concept about booster dose. The families of 139 (68.1%) had screening for Hepatitis B. Conclusions: Our study population had knowledge about the transmission and various risks and preventive factors of Hepatitis B
International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 2023
INTRODUCTION Hepatitis B is a major global health problem and potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). It increases the risk of death from cirrhosis and liver cancer. According to World Health Organization, in 2015, 3.5% of the population, were living with chronic HBV infection and it is responsible for 1.34 million deaths worldwide. Most affected regions were the African and Western Pacific regions, accounted for 68% of those infected. It was also shown that the mortality from viral hepatitis increased by 22% since 2000. 1 In India, the prevalence of hepatitis B is estimated to be 3% to 4.2% with 40 million HBV carriers. It is estimated that every year about 115,000 Indians die due to complication related to hepatitis B. 2 Hepatitis B is transmitted by contact with blood or body fluid of infected person. The main route of transmission is by mother to child at birth, unsafe injections, blood transfusion and unprotected sexual intercourse. 2 ABSTRACT Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection imposes a major public health problem with an increased risk of occupational exposure among unvaccinated health care workers (HCWs). This study was conducted to determine the Hepatitis B vaccination status, along with the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding Hepatitis B, among medical students at a medical college in a central India. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2022 to July 2022. A total of 477 students of health care professions were included into the study using a whole sampling technique. Data were collected using selfadministered structured questionnaire and analyzed by using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 26. Results: Response rate was 91.61% (437). Majority of the students (>80%) had an adequate knowledge on risk factors for HBV, its mode of transmissions, and preventions. About 192 of 437 (43.9%) participants had positive attitude towards following infection control guidelines, and 310 (70.9%) respondents believe that all HCWs should take HBV vaccine. However, only 11.2% students had completed the three doses schedule of HBV vaccination. Whereas, a significant number of students, 142 (32.5%), had been exposed to blood/body fluid via needle stick injury at least once since they started their training in the health facility. Conclusions: Study found that trainees in health profession are at a very high risk of contracting HBV infection during their training due to the low HBV vaccine uptake rate and high rate of accidental exposure to blood. We recommend that all students in the health profession should be vaccinated prior to their entry into professional practices.
Panacea Journal of Medical Sciences, 2023
Abstract Background: Standard precautions are the backbone of any efficient infection control program. Compliance with standard precautions has been a major challenge for health care workers, especially in developing countries. Aim: To access the impact of the training program on health care workers (HCW) knowledge, attitude, and practice towards standard precautions. Materials and Methods: We conducted an interventional Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) study among 150 HCW (50 Doctors, 50 Nurses, and 50 Technicians) in a tertiary care hospital from June 2019 to December 2019. We carried out educational interventions through training sessions with pre- and post-test questionnaires. We compared pre and post questionnaire mean scores to access the impact of short educational videos and seminars on HCWs using unpaired t-tests. Results: HCWs have poor KAP on important aspects of standard precautions. Pre-intervention KAP mean scores were highest among doctors, followed by lab technicians and nurses. After training intervention, improvement in knowledge, attitude, and practice among all 3 types of HCWs were statistically significant (P-value <0> Conclusion: Low pre-intervention knowledge and attitude practice scores regarding standard precautions among doctors, nurses, and lab technicians were improved after training significantly. Hence, we recommend training programs regarding standard precautions should be regularly conducted in health-care facilities to promote good infection control practices and mitigate the risk of hospital-acquired infection. This has future implications in terms of reduced morbidity and mortality in resource limited settings. Keywords: KAP study, Standard precautions, Training program
https://www.ijhsr.org/IJHSR\_Vol.6\_Issue.3\_March2016/35.pdf, 2016
Background: Hepatitis B is a major infectious disease of mankind. It is the most common cause of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepato-cellular carcinoma worldwide. Health professionals are at the most risk. Vaccination against Hepatitis B can prevent this deadly disease. Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the knowledge and status of Hepatitis B vaccination among technicians, nurses and group D workers. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 members and the data was analyzed by cross tabulation and Chi square tests. Results: The Knowledge regarding hepatitis b among group D workers was found to be low with a mean score of 2.66. The attitude and practices to prevent transmission of Hepatitis B infection was low among group D workers when compared to nurses and technicians in the hospital. Conclusions: The, Knowledge, Practices and vaccination status among group D workers was poor when compared to technicians and nurses. A considerable amount of improvement in practice is required among health care workers to prevent hepatitis B infection.
Pan African Medical Journal, 2012
Introduction: The consistent use of barrier protection among theatre workers is low in this region, so also is hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination. We assessed the level of awareness of HBV and hepatitis C virus (HCV), HBV vaccination and adoption of safety measures by theatre and laboratory workers. Methods: Structured questionnaires were administered to these workers which assessed level of knowledge of the viruses, practice of barrier protection and level of HBV vaccination. Results: Of 169 participants 32.5% were laboratory workers, 67.5% were theatre workers; 29.6% males, 70.4% females. Most 94% (159) were aware that HBV and HCV are viral infections, while 77% (127) and 72.1% (119) knew HBV and HCV are transmitted through blood transfusion and needle stick injuries; a correct knowledge was significantly better among respondents with tertiary education (OR 2.7; 95%CI 1.2-6.3 and OR 2.3; 95%CI 1.0-5.1 respectively). Although 49.1% (80) were aware unprotected sex was a route of transmission, laboratory staff was twice as likely to have this knowledge (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.08-4.08). Only 67.5% (114) use safety measures consistently, while 86 (54.8%) had received the vaccine of which only 48 (29.78% of total respondents) had completed three (3) doses; more likely among those with tertiary education (OR 2.6; 95%CI 1.2-5.8). Conclusion: Most (94%) workers were aware of the risk of HBV and HCV and HBV vaccine (92.9%) but only few (29.78%) completed vaccination. Unfortunately, only 2/3 use protective measures consistently. There is need to make vaccination of health care workers against HBV infection a firm policy and ensure complete and consistent adherence to work standard safety measures.
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health
Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at risk of infections due to blood-borne pathogens as they are potentially exposed to blood and body fluids in the course of their work. Standard precautions aim to both protect health care workers (HCWs) and prevent them from transmitting the infections to their patients.Methods: The study was conducted among health functionaries of all health centres whether govt. or private of community development block Beri, District Jhajjar, Haryana. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was administered to the study subjects and the responses were recorded by the investigator himself. The questionnaire included information pertaining to knowledge and compliance with standard precautions among HCWs.Results: Knowledge among staff nurses and laboratory technicians was having wide variations as 53% to 93% of them gave correct replies for different components of standard precautions. Similarly, when knowledge of multipurpose health workers was assesse...
National Journal of Community Medicine, 2020
Background: The rapid and extensive spread of the COVID-19 pandemic is a major concern for healthcare profession. Standard Precautions (SP) are the key to contain the spread. Adherence to existing SP is mostly user dependent and it is affected by their awareness. The Post Graduate (PG) trainee doctors are the immediate caregivers in a Dedicated COVID Hospital. The objective was to assess their awareness of SP , identify gaps in knowledge to help in future capacity building. Methodology: The cross sectional study was conducted in June 2020 at RNT Medical College, Udaipur, Rajasthan on 115 PG trainees from all streams. The questionnaire was adapted from standard COVID-19 Outbreak Guidelines from MoHFW , India and Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC) Descriptive statistics were performed based on the percentage of correct answers. Results: Majority (54.8%) had only average awareness of SP . 62.6% displayed correct awareness of hand hygiene while it was much less for respirat...
CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research - Zenodo, 2022
Introduction: Viral hepatitis B (HBV) is a major public health issue around the globe. At 2020, the WHO estimated that 296 million people were carriers of chronic viral hepatitis B. During the same year, the number of deaths from cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma was 80%. In 2019, a total of 1.5 million new infections were reported. HBV is most commonly transmitted through contact with blood or other body fluids during sexual intercourse with an infected partner, sharing needles, syringes, or preparation materials during injection drug use, and puncturing with a hollow needle or contact with sharp objects. Cameroon is one of the worst hit countries with an HBV prevalence of 11.5%. Healthcare workers (HCWs) who are constantly exposed to a variety of body fluids are at increased risk of contracting and transmitting the virus. It is thus important to evaluate their knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding HBV. Methodology: This cross-sectional study took place from February to July 2022. In total, 388 HCWs were recruited for the study. knowledge of HBV, particularly the routes of transmission, attitudes toward HBV, and vaccination practices were evaluated using a well-structured questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS V.25.0. Results: In total, 388 HCWs participated in the study. The recommended pathways for HBV transmission were sexual intercourse, soiled objects, blood transfusion and contact with contaminated blood (100%). Among the participants, 236 (60.8%) gave the correct answers on the signs of viral hepatitis B. Knowledge was significantly associated with the number of years spent in the vaccination service (p<0.0001). Overall, these HCWs possessed a satisfactory level of knowledge of HBV transmission pathways (388, 100%). Of the 388 HCWs, only 65 (16.8%) had a positive attitude towards those infected with HBV. Up to 87 (22.4%) gave incorrect answers regarding the need to test the effectiveness of the vaccine. There was a significant association between the service, the category, the number of years of work, and the attitudes of the staff, as well as with the 3 questions concerning the practice of vaccination, namely the storage temperature of the vaccines, the volume of the dose of vaccine administered and the site of vaccine administration (p<0.05). Conclusion: The level of knowledge regarding the HBV pathway observed in this study is satisfactory. Nevertheless, efforts still need to be redoubled on the attitude of the staff towards infected patients, on taking the full doses of vaccine, and finally on the practice of vaccination, particularly on the storage temperature, the volume, and the administration site. This lack of adequate knowledge may explain the oftenobserved lack of post-vaccination response as knowledge is usually the first step toward modifying desirable behavior.