The Czechlands. A Bibliography. A Selected Bibliography of References in English (original) (raw)
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Publikace neprošla jazykovou úpravou. / Publication is not a subject of language check. Za správnost obsahu a originalitu výzkumu zodpovídají autoři. / Authors are fully responsible for the content and originality of the articles.
The Common Agricultural Policy In A Czech Context
2015
The largest share of policy and money within the European Union goes to agriculture. The Union's Common Agricultural Policy has undergone several transformations in the last five decades, with the main change taking place in the 1990s. This change influenced agriculture in the Czech Republic, inasmuch as the fledgling republic was preparing to join the European Union and adopt its policies. In the 1990s, Czech agriculture passed from a centrally planned economy to a market economy and subsequently adopted the terms of the Common Agricultural Policy. The Czech Republic is also characterized by a significant diversification of landscape sphere. Agricultural entrepreneurs in the Czech Republic are still not accustomed to the possibility of grants from the European Union. They focus rather on national or regional subsidies. Only half of all agricultural entrepreneurs in the Czech Republic use European subsidies. This article focuses on the introduction of the Common Agricultural Pol...
AGRICULTURE OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC IN THE 21ST CENTURY: FROM PRODUCTIVISM TO POST-PRODUCTIVISM
Czech Agriculture went during last two decades through significant changes – the first one was transition of agriculture in 90s which brought new conditions and rules for agrarian sector. The second one was entrance of the Czech Republic into the EU and commitment of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Both of these changes contributed to structural change and regional differentiation of the Czech agriculture, both changes exposed Czech agriculture to competition of whole Europe. Furthermore the CAP exposed Czech agriculture to uneven condition for farmers within the EU. The most significant results of these changes are decrease of the agricultural sector output, reduction of bred farm animals and diminish of the arable land. On the other side many non-productive and non-agricultural activities in the rural areas are subsidized which bring to farmers new possibilities of development. Aim of the paper is to analyse structural and spatial change of Czech agriculture between 2000 and 2010 on base of the Agrocensus data supplemented by opinions of the farmers which were gained by series of interviews in Czech regions.
Agroforestry in the Czech Republic: What Hampers the Comeback of a Once Traditional Land Use System?
Agronomy
The interest in re-implementing agroforestry (AF) in European agriculture due to its environmental benefits has been growing exponentially. We reviewed the historical background and the current state (extent, farmers’ perception, legislative support, and barriers) to evaluate the future perspectives of AF in Czechia by identifying the key factors hampering further extension. Our results confirmed that AF almost disappeared after the middle of the 19th century due to agricultural intensification and collectivization. Currently, AF is not defined in the Czech legislation and no modern AF has been encountered by this study. Areas falling into AF definition recently comprise only traditional AF (less than 1% of agricultural area remaining) represented only by silvopastoral AF. The results of a farmers’ survey indicated that despite relatively high interest in AF, excessive bureaucratization, high costs of establishment and uncertain profitability are severe concerns among farmers. We th...
The past, present and future of diversification of agricultural holdings in Czechia
AUC GEOGRAPHICA
The article deals with diversification of the activities of agricultural holdings in Czechia. The purpose of diversification is to create and also keep new jobs in the rural areas, keep or even increase the farm income and to contribute to the recovery of the villages. It may lead to stabilization of the rural population, increase the quality of their lives and the competitiveness of agricultural holdings. The main aim of the article is to describe the extent and importance of diversification in the specific environment of Czechia before and after 1989 and also to outline its likely future development. The article offers analysis of the development of non-agricultural activities before 1989 in the conditions of the centrally planned economy. Then it deals with diversification of activities of agricultural holdings after 1989-during the period of transition of the Czech agriculture, which led to the application of the market economy. The article also outlines the possible future development of diversification of activities of agricultural holdings in Czechia.
Agriculture in the Czech Republic has experienced dramatic structural changes in the last two decades. The main paradigm of agriculture has been also gradually reshaped. In the context of the Common Agricultural Policy food production as the main driving force of agriculture is being gradually replaced by post-productionist approach to agriculture. A demonstration of the above mentioned shift includes non-agricultural activities of farmers, growing of energy crops or processing of agricultural production into energies (biogas stations). Nowadays the direction of agriculture should be generally linked more to the requirements for sustainable rural development. The aim of this contribution is to follow how this change is reflected in changes of agricultural labour force before and after EU accession. Population in the Czech Republic engaged in agriculture was analysed on the basis of two agricultural censuses (Agrocensus 2000 and 2010) and basic attention was paid to the regional spec...
Decollectivisation of Agriculture and Reshaping of Agrarian Structure in Central Europe
2010
This article is about the decollectivisation of agriculture which took place in Hungary, Czechia, Slovakia and Poland in the first half of the nineteen-nineties as well as about changes in the agrarian structure which were to be observed during the next decade. We argue that significant structural transformations have affected the agricultural domain and altered the way it is used for production. As a result of the transfer of property rights, agricultural land and part of the forests have changed hands. The process of decentralisation of the methods of farming the land which has affected the area of agricultural production is occurring with varying intensity depending on the country and the region. Re-established as the result of decollectivisation, private ownership of the land has been dispersed among a large number of landowners, sometimes without any direct link with agriculture and the rural milieu. More than a decade after the privatisation of the land, the land market is slow to re-establish itself and to play its role fully. Furthermore, farming structures have not become more stable. In a certain number of cases, capital restructuring is taking place within enterprises that have taken over from the former collective farms. Weakened by the impact of greater competition, the less efficient farms have been gradually eliminated. The decrease in the size of the workforce needed for agricultural land continues. The restructuring of the agricultural sector remains incomplete. Far from being fixed, the picture we have 0 MARIA HALAMSKA, MARIE-CLAUDE MAUREL painted should be regarded as a snapshot rather than as the culmination of the transformation that has been launched.
Challenges of Urban Agriculture: Highlights on the Czech and Slovak Republic Specifics
Current challenges of Central Europe: society and environment, 2014
DUŽÍ, Barbora - TÓTH, Attila - BIHUŇOVÁ, Mária - STOJANOV, Robert. 2014. Challenges of Urban Agriculture: Highlights on the Czech and Slovak Republic Specifics. In VÁVRA, Jan - LAPKA, Miloslav - CUDLÍNOVÁ, Eva (eds.) Current challenges of Central Europe: society and environment. Praha : Univerzita Karlova v Praze, Filozofická fakulta, pp. 82-107. 194 p. ISBN 978-80-7308-551-3.
Journal of Central European Agriculture, 2012
Czech Republic entered into the EU in 2004 and had to adopt conditions of the Common Agricultural Policy of the EU. Impacts of the Common Agricultural Policy on Czech agriculture are numerous -both positive and negative. Positive impacts are evident mainly in growth of financial sources for farmers (however, not still as high as in old member countries) but this is connected also with more requirements on administrative. The most striking impact of the Common Agricultural Policy is fall of the livestock production. The aim of the paper is confirmation of these and also other theses on base of results of questionnaire survey among agricultural subjects in model region. Above mentioned situation sets farmers into complicated situationthey have to find new alternative way of farming and development for their survival.