In Vitro Clonal Propagation of Nardostachys jatamansi: A Traditional Himalayan Medicinal Plant (original) (raw)

Medicinal plants have been the subject of man’s curiosity since the time of human survival. A considerable majority of people of the world’s population still rely on the traditional medicine for their primary health care necessities. Currently demand of herbal medicines has been enhanced; and it is very difficult to fulfill the demand from field plants. Hence, in vitro propagation of plant by tissue culture can be used to fulfill the requirement of medicinal plants. The techniques applied in tissue culture are expensive; hence we try to summarize the data for low cost method for in vitro micropropagation of plant through tissue culture technique. This can help the scholar working in developing of tissue culture methods for in vitro propagation of medicinal plant.

Murraya koenigii (L.)Spreng, commonly known locally as “kurry patta” or “mitha neem” in India, is a valuable medicinal plant known for its biochemical and aromatic properties. Adventitious regeneration, which is a pre-requisite in most genetic transformation studies using Agrobacterium and ballistics, needs to be developed as a protocol for micropropagation of M. koenigii.This paper presents a procedure for the rapid, high frequency regeneration of M. koenigii plantlets from internode explants via adventitious shoot formation. The concentration of plant growth regulators (PGRs) in liquid MS medium exhibited a discrete role in the efficacy of adventitious shoot induction. N6-benzyle adenine (BA), kinetin, adenine sulphate and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in combination were the most effective PGRs for adventitious shoot induction. Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid medium with 9.29 µM kinetin, 13.317 µM BA, 2.854 µM IAA and 70 mg/l adenine sulphate yielded the maximum number (18) of shoot buds from internode explants. The number of shoots was further increased (27.30) after sub-culturing them into semi-solid (containing 8 g/l agar-agar) MS medium fortified with similar concentrations and combinations of PGRs. Most in vitro shoots (2.5-3.0 cm long), rooted (90%) on semi-solid MS medium containing 19.68 µM indole-3-butyric acid within 28-30 days. The rooted plantlets were transplanted into pots containing a mixture of soilrite (mixture of peat moss + vermiculite + perlite in a 1: 1: 1 ratio that was mixed with natural soil in the ratio of 1: 1) at 70-80% relative humidity and 28 ± 2°C for hardening. 85% of in vitro-raised plantlets survived under field conditions.

Medicinal plants are in use in many countries and cultures as a source of medicine. Biotechnological tools like tissue culture are important for selection, multiplication and conservation of medicinal plants genotypes. In addition, in-vitro regeneration plays a great role in the production of high-quality plant-based medicine. Plant tissue culture techniques offer an integrated approach for the production of standardized quality phytopharmaceutical through mass production of consistent plant material for physiological characterization and analysis of active ingredients. A number of medicinal plants reported to regenerate in vitro from their various parts but still, fewer are grown in soil, while their micropropagation on a mass scale has rarely been achieved. Micropropagation protocols for cloning of some medicinal plants had been developed by using different concentrations of plant growth regulators in a Murashige and Skoog media variant (Murashige and Skoog, 1962). Regeneration oc...

Bacopa monnieri, a traditional Indian medicinal plant with high commercial importance, is used as a neurotonic, immuno modulator, adaptogen transquilizing, memory and learning enhancing, cerebral activator, anti-ulcer, antispasmodic, anti-asthmatic ayurvedic herb. The study was undertaken in order to elaborate the tissue culture technique for Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri). In the present study nodal explants were taken for in vitro propagation. For sterilization, 0.01% HgCl2 was used as the sterilant. The explants gave best results when treated with the sterilant for 5 minutes. To induce bud-break, nodal segments were inoculated onto MS media supplemented with 1mg/l BAP. Basal MS medium without any plant growth hormone was used as control. Further multiplication was obtained on MS medium + BAP (1.0 mg/l) +IAA (0.5 mg/l). The shoots were rooted and best rooting was observed by IBA when incorporated in MS at different concentrations (0.1-0.3 mg/l) and 0.2 mg/l gave good results. After 30 days about 2.2 cm length was observed. Almost 70% of the rooted shoots survived during hardening.

A high frequency efficient protocol for rapid propagation of the herbal spice Mentha piperita L. from shoot tip and nodal explants was established by using full and half strength of Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various concentrations of 6-benzyl amino purine (BAP; 1.0-5.0 mg/L) and kinetin (Kn; 1.0-5.0 mg/L). The highest number of shoots (42.0) with 100% frequency was obtained from nodal explants in the full strength of medium containing 3.0 mg/L BAP. For further elongation, microshoots were transferred to MS medium containing different concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA 3 ; 0.5-2.0 mg/L). The highest shoot length (13.1 cm) with 100% frequency was achieved on medium containing 1.0 mg/L GA 3. In vitro proliferated shoots were then excised from the shoot clumps and transferred to the rooting medium containing different concentrations of indole butyric acid (IBA; 0.5-2.0 mg/L) and indole acetic acid (IAA; 0.5-2.0 mg/L) alone. Among these, the highest root proliferation was obtained in the medium containing 1.5 mg/L IBA. The rooted plantlets were hardened on MS basal liquid medium and subsequently in polycups containing sterile soil and vermiculite (1:1) and finally transferred to the field. The survival rate was 100% after 25 days.