Gis Approach to Determine Suitability of Trees for Afforestation (original) (raw)
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Owing to the primary and secondary data analysis, literature survey, comparative analysis of social forestry in other states of India and taking account of the opinion of the DFO, Forest Rangers, and community, the study recommends the following points for possibility of increase in Forest/ tree cover area in UP on account of Afforestration / Plantation Programme: i. The reconstruction of land, water and soil should be taken as regular programme with proportionate budget allotted for these activities and research grants should also made available for both internal needs and external evaluations. Thus it is strongly recommended that the budget should be made and govern as ‘demand side’ rather ‘supply side’ as witnessed. ii. The Work plan should be made at an interval of four years and should be developed taking assistance of Gram Panchayat and using Satellite Technology such that the information Work Plan is classified into four major groups as vital, essential, desirable, and optional.These grouping of information should be largely based on the importance of the items/variables that are affecting the planning process. This will help to conduct analysis of Area Specific Market Demand and Supply. The target set for each district should not be uniform but it should largely base on the area available for plantation to achieve the target of 33% green area in the state. iii. Nursery should be decentralized for the better quality management, and should be used as an extension training centre to ensure training of trainers both for internal forest officials and also for participating community or NGO voluntaries. Thus there is need to develop guidelines as well nursery management system. iv. Taking account of promoting NTFP through Agro Forestry, it is recommended to supply the seedling as per soil type in the districts, the grouping of the information largely depended upon the production of plantation suited to district. Thus Nursery Sapling plantation and its management will largely now depend upon the category of plant suited according to the type of soil in the district v. Convergence of the forestry programme under NREGA schemes should be done using national level convergence guidelines of GOI for Labour related activities like Seed Collection, Raising Nursery (preparation of seed beds, sowing, watering, weeding, pricking, shifting, digging, and making balls, transplanting watch etc) ; Planting Trees; Maintenances & Protection; Collection of Non wood Products; Felling and Logging Tress, Transportation; Processing of Output, Plantation at GP land. Orientation training for the convergence of forest programme under NREGA should be made essential. vi. Development of local organizations is the key to ensure people’s participation and to sustain the benefits of investments and efforts made in community forestry. Thus networking of social organization (Tree Grower, and Forest Management organization) is essential to make effective planning and execution. vii. The Village Forest Committees willing to protect the natural forests, should be encouraged to share the benefits in the form of fodder, fuel, timber and NWFP. These committees can also take up reforestation of degraded forest lands, aiming to conserve biodiversity and generate income. Whilefacilitating natural regeneration, the local communities can also introduce fuel, timber and NWFP species of their choice to enhance the productivity on denuded forest lands. viii. To promote or popularize forest programmes in the community, it suggested to develop Income generating activities and livelihood security programme using participatory rehabilitation and managementof degraded forests and in doing assistance for enhancement of the livelihood of the local people such that assets of rural communities enhanced through more equitable, efficient and sustainable use of forest resources. ix. The state largely experience acute shortage of trained labour, and problem associated with after care management. Even it has been reported that the related logistic system isnot appropriate as per the requirement in the matter of transportation of the plant from warehouse, handling sapling at the nursery, in supplying quality seed; supplying the plant tothe area or community, private farming etc. Thus it is recommended to adopted the PPP model as observed in Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal and Gujarat. x. Based on the Indian Forest Law of Government of India, the State Government has well defined Forest and Wild life Law and need no modifications in the current time. The need that arises is to make the community aware about the procedure for acquiring their land which were under contract; cutting of the trees on the land which are under contract, and duties imposed on the plantation after being cut down and later sold. There iswide ignorance regarding the procedure and other legal formalities to be followed in such matter. xi. Today, the merger field data on survivalrates that have been collected show wide variations even under similar field conditions. Systematic and in-depth investigation of such variations on a fairly large scale are needed if field experience has to become a basis for improvements in future planning, resource allocations, prioritization, and method of work. Many policy decisions in the forest sector are based on incomplete information,which affects the quality of decisions adversely. A suitable managementinformation system is required that integrate the entire dataset using e-communication linked with networking of computer technology as done in the state of Madhya Pradesh and other states of India. xii. One of issue that was highlighted in the study is related with the innovations being made at the grassroot level for making success of any forestry programme. The case study for increasing tree cover in urban area (Mathura) and partnership between GramPanchayat and Forest Department (Agra) set an example for the successful case studyin the matter of Joint Forest Management. Such innovations at the grassroot level should always be recognized and rewarded as such incident becomes motivational factor to other and their techniques and methodology could be replicated tothe other similar areas in the state. A separate study is needed to document all such innovations with the objective to strengthen the Forest Management System In conclusion, the social forestry programme in Uttar Pradesh in the coming years should focus on enhancing the productivity ofnatural resources, while augmenting the basic needs of the community; and empower the local communities to initiate the process of planning and programme implementation at the micro level to promote afforestration for income generation and ecological conservation.
STEMING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION: THE AFFORESTATION APPROACH
Nigerian Journal of Agriculture, Food and Environment. 7(1):22-27, 2011
The forest vegetation has within the past few decade’s undergone changes due to population growth and poverty. The demand for forest products has continued to increase, while the land available for growing them has been shrinking due to agricultural demands, city expansion and infrastructural development. The consequences of this deforestation process in Nigeria include desertification in the North and gulley erosion in the South. Sustainable afforestation programme and tree planting in Nigeria therefore becomes highly imperative to meet the increasing demand for forest products. A sustained afforestation has potential benefits to human life, although the establishment phase may however be riddled with a lot of challenges such as conflicts with local people, environmental risk, animal damage and inadequate protection. A national policy on tree planting that will provide an enabling environment for the planters is recommended. There is the need for proper breeding and selection of trees for good quality characters such as fast growth, early fruiting etc. There is also the need for the establishment of a financial institution for the purpose of providing financial help to tree planters. Finally, all afforestation projects should carry the indigenous people along to reduce the cost of policing the plantation to protect it from human destruction.
Determination of suitable areas for reforestation and afforestation with indigenous species
caspian journal of environmental sciences, 2017
To be successful in tree establishment, an assessment of land suitability would be necessary. The aim of this study was determining the potential habitats of three native tree species (Quercus persica, Pistacia atlantica, Amygdalous scoparia) in Siahkoh region of Ilam County, using Boolean method and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). For this regard, the slope, aspect and hypsometric maps of the area were produced using topographic maps. To provide soil properties maps, 40 soil samples in depth of 30 cm were randomly taken from the defined region (about 954 ha). Soil sample properties such as pH, texture, electrical conductivity, and organic material were measured. Soil maps and soil data layers were produced in GIS environment. With respect to ecological needs of the selected tree species and combining of all provided maps, about 890 ha of the total area could be reforested or afforested. The results show that from the total suitable area, 368.72 ha (41.41 %) for Quercus persic...
Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 1994
IRS IA LISS:II (23-03.1991) data was used to delineate social forestry :: "pihalittionsin-/~lar taluka:of Kheda dist/~t, Gujarat. VAX:.]l/780 image, processing system ~ Was i~r to ~afe~0tise the:varioii~ plantations i~sing i~uperviSed maximum likelihood ' classific~ion. :rla6elassified output .yi 9 thr~ieateg01(ies:of plantations viz., Eucalyptus spp., Acacza spp,, and rmxed .spp, The statistics for all the categories were also generated.
Forestry Technical Manual, QFRMP Vol. 5
Afforestation, or forest restoration, can be difficult or easy. The difference is in choosing the right approach and the right technologies. There is much scope for discussion on right approach and right technologies, and how they are expressed. Most experienced foresters will agree that the important concepts are covered in the following: 1. Understand the social and the geophysical/ecological context and the purpose of the afforestation, and plan accordingly. 2. Match species of trees and shrubs to ecological land classes and sites. 3. Plan the design and planting density according to the land class, climate and site particulars. 4. Prepare the site carefully. Avoid making the site more difficult by over-preparation. 5. Take care to use only high quality of seeds and seedlings, of the right provenance. 6. Plant according to the design, following guidelines and choosing the right season. 7. Provide enough tending and after-care, good protection, and longterm management. This book provides the technology guidelines for the basic rules.
Agroforestry is the need of the day in India
International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM), 2019
The apparent high potential of agroforestry systems are its applicability to control soil erosion, soil improvement, creating congenial and conducive microclimate for tree and understory crops and reduction in the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Agroforestry has generated rather high levels of enthusiasm in recent years concerning with rain fed land use and sustainable resource management system.Therefore, the agroforestry should be considered as a dynamic, ecologically based natural resource management system that can sustain small holder production through the integration of trees in farm and/or in rangelands for increased social, economical and environmental benefits.An alternative land use system has to be evolved to fulfilment of needs of escalating population and solve the land and climatic degradation. The agroforestry practice is the answer to release the pressure on land up to some extent. Agroforestry is a valuable and viable tool for increasing the tree cover as well as to meet the demand for wood and food.Coming to recent times, the increasing pressure on land as well as on forests, rising demand for fuel and fodder and finally the requirement of timber for multifarious purpose have reinforced, as never before, the absolute and inseparable nexus between agriculture and forestry.For his survival, man has to ensure optimum use of agriculture, grasslands, forests and aquatic bodies, including oceans. Of these, the combination of first three systems i.e. Agrisilviculture, Silvopastoral and Agrosilvopastoral are covered under agroforestry.
Assessment of Afforestation Activities in Thrace Region using Some Oak (Quercus sp.) Varieties
Kastamonu University Journal of Engineering and Sciences, 2023
In this study, which is a preliminary assessment, afforestation studies established at different times with different oak species (Quercus sp.) in the Thrace Region were examined. Accordingly, as a result of the variance analysis applied to the data of the percentage of survival variable, which is important in terms of adaptation ability, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference at the P˂0.05 confidence level in terms of afforestation areas. In this respect, as a result of Duncan test performed at P˂0.05 confidence level to create homogeneous groups, Ulukonak oak plantation area established with Q. infectoria with a survival rate of 89% is in the first group, and this group is classified with a survival percentage of 78%. Celaliye plantation area established with Q. cerris species followed. In the study, mean values were determined in terms of afforestation areas regarding the quantitative and morphological characters determined in the trial areas taken from the oak afforestation areas. When these data are examined, the mean diameter value varies between 2.3-5.1 cm in Q. petraea afforestation areas of different ages, 2.0-3.6 cm in Q. infectoria afforestation areas, 3.5 cm in Q. frainetto and Q. cerris. It was determined to be 4.9 cm in. Mean height value varies between 2.36-5.58 m in Q. petraea afforestation areas, 2.30-2.98 m in Q. infectoria afforestation areas, 3.62 m in Q. frainetto and 3.93m in Q. cerris. has been found to be. The crown symmetry is generally asymmetrical in all afforestation areas, regardless of the oak species. Stem straightness, on the other hand, was in the curve category for all afforestation areas. As a result of the variance analysis applied to the average volume values determined in the sampling areas, a statistically significant difference was determined between the forestation areas at the P˂0.05 confidence level. In this context, afforestation area established with Q. petraea oak species formed the first group with an average volume value of 0.00930 m 3 , as a result of Duncan Range Test performed at P˂0.05 confidence level to create homogeneous groups in terms of afforestation areas.
Agroforestry Potential for Increasing Forest and Tree Cover in Himachal Pradesh -An Analysis
Forests and trees are essential for the welfare of people and play significant role in sustainable development. Extent of forest resources is one of the criteria for monitoring the progress towards sustainable forest management. The total forest and tree cover of Himachal Pradesh is 15,453 km-which is 27.76 percent of the state's geographical area. As per National Forest Policy 1988, the aim should be to maintain two-third of the geographical area of the state under vegetal cover in the hills and in mountainous regions; but there is very little scopefor realizing the envisaged target in near future in the state. There is no enough culturable land in the state, as large area of the state is covered under alpine pastures, barren and unculturable wastelands and snow bound areas where trees do not grow. Agriculture in the state is mainly subsistence, and hence there is not much scope of expanding agroforestry in these marginal lands. Therefore, it is prudent to focus more on protecting the existing unspoiled forests, eco-restoration and qualitative improvement of the degraded forests. Positive environment towards agroforestry plantation in the state will motivate the farmers to reap the incentives under SubMission on Agroforestry which will not only fulfill the multiplicity of local requirements but also reduce the pressure on existing forests.
NCCF Policy Paper1/2024 , 2024
Agroforestry, characterized by the intentional integration of trees into agricultural landscapes, represents a multifaceted approach to sustainable land management with profound implications for ecological resilience, economic development, and climate change mitigation. This synthesis examines India's strategic initiatives, scientific assessments, and policy frameworks aimed at promoting agroforestry and ToF practices, emphasizing their role in achieving national forestry targets and sustainable development goals. In India, recent estimates from the Forest Survey of India (FSI) indicate that Trees outside Forest (ToF) resources cover 29.29 million hectares, significantly contributing to the country's forest and tree cover goals. These resources are critical for sustaining biodiversity, enhancing ecosystem services, and supporting rural economies through the production of industrial round wood (IRW), non-wood forest products (NWFPs), and other ecosystem goods. Scientific evaluations underscore agroforestry's diverse benefits, including enhanced soil health, biodiversity conservation, and climate change adaptation. Studies reveal that transitions from traditional agricultural practices to agroforestry systems have led to improved soil organic carbon levels and resilience against climate variability. Agroforestry practices in India, rooted in traditional knowledge systems, were formalized through enunciation of the National Agroforestry Policy in 2014, the first such policy anywhere in the world. It is gaining prominence for their ability to meet domestic demand of industrial round wood apart from enhancing agricultural productivity, diversify rural livelihoods, and mitigate environmental degradation. The integration of multipurpose tree species such as fruit trees, timber species, and medicinal plants with crops and livestock not only optimizes land use but also improves soil fertility, water retention, and carbon sequestration capacity. Challenges in scaling up agroforestry include regulatory complexities, variable state-level engagement, and limited financial incentives for farmers. Addressing these barriers requires streamlined policies, enhanced institutional support, and strengthened stakeholder collaboration to facilitate widespread adoption and implementation of agroforestry practices across diverse agro-climatic zones. Commercially, agroforestry plays a pivotal role in supplying raw materials for industries such as pulp and paper, furniture, and construction, thereby fostering rural economic development and employment generation. Presently, ToF resources account for about 74% of the total availability of IRW in the country. Recognising the need for independent certification of management of forests, agroforestry and other ToF resources, MoEFCC India has recently initiated Indian Forest and Wood Certification Scheme (PRAMAAN) adding yet another certification scheme to the two already prevalent global independent third party forest certification systems namely Program for Endorsement of Forest Certification and Forest Stewardship Council aiming at promotion of sustainable wood production practices, ensuring market credibility and competitiveness for Indian wood products in domestic and overseas markets. To enhance quality of wood based composites the Bureau of Indian Standard have recently notified Quality Control Orders (QCOs) for Wood Based Boards, Plywood and Wooden flush door shutters, and Resin Treated Compressed wood laminates applicable to manufacturing of these goods in the country as well to the foreign manufactures exporting these goods and articles to India. India can and need to enhance the contribution of agroforestry and other ToF resources to achieve national forestry targets, enhance rural livelihoods, and contribute significantly to global environmental sustainability efforts through holistic implementation of NAfP for which it is necessary to undertake a comprehensive review of the current status of its implementation including causative analysis of performance of SMAF, adoption of agroforestry and tree cultivation under state plans/schemes and externally aided projects/programs, use of wood substitutes, import trends of IRW and wood products (including paper pulp and paper boards etc.) and evolve a long term strategic road map and a robust institutional arrangement covering the entire agroforestry value chain. Agroforestry and tree cultivation need to be organically linked to “climate mitigation and adaptation strategies” and integrated with the concept of “Grow more wood use more wood” .