Temperature Analysis of Schottky Diodes Rectifiers for Low-Power RF Energy Harvesting Applications (original) (raw)
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Performance Comparison of Schottky Diode models for RF Energy Harvesting
To convert radio frequency (RF) energy (freely available in the environment) into usable form, RF-DC rectifiers are used. The Schottky diodes are commonly considered for RF rectification purpose as they show the best performance at high frequency and low power levels. However, exact selection criteria for Schottky diode have not been reported yet. In this paper comparison of turn ON voltage ranges and characteristics of different commercially available Schottky diode models (HSMS2850, HSMS2860, HBAT5400, SMS7621) at low power levels has been carried out. The comparison has been done at 900 MHz and 2.45GHz frequency. HSMS2850 provided maximum output voltage among the selected diodes at low input power (less than-15 dBm). This work demonstrates the selection criteria of Schottky diode and will help designers in selecting the appropriate diode for rectification purpose at low power levels.
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This paper reviews and analyses the design of popular radio frequency energy harvesting systems and proposes a method to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze their circuit architectures using new square-wave approximation method. This approach helps in simplifying design analysis. Using this analysis, we can establish no load output voltage characteristics, upper limit on rectifier efficiency, and maximum power characteristics of a rectifier. This paper will help guide the design of RF energy harvesting rectifier circuits for radio frequency identification (RFIDs), the Internet of Things (IoTs), wearable, and implantable medical device applications. Different application scenarios are explained in the context of design challenges, and corresponding design considerations are discussed in order to evaluate their performance. The pros and cons of different rectifier topologies are also investigated. In addition to presenting the popular rectifier topologies, new measurement results of these energy harvester topologies, fabricated in 65nm, 130nm and 180nm CMOS technologies are also presented. INDEX TERMS RF energy harvesting, RF rectifier, Internet-of-Things (IoT), implantable device, matching network, ultra-low-power.
Design of an Efficient Rectifier Circuit for RF Energy Harvesting System
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT, 2017
An efficient rectifier system along with an impedance matching network is proposed in this article. Impedance matching network is designed using two microstrip lines. Rectifier system for better RF to DC conversion is designed using a bridge rectifier. The proposed rectifier system provides a maximum efficiency of 50%. The impedance matching network improves the overall system performances significantly. The circuit simulator ADS 2015 is used for this system design. Performances of the proposed system are analysed using simulation results only. This proposed rectifier system along with the impedance matching network can be useful for the design of an efficient RF energy harvesting system.
A survey on low power RF rectifiers efficiency for low cost energy harvesting applications
Aeu-international Journal of Electronics and Communications, 2019
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International Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering & Telecommunications, 2021
This paper presents a novel simple adaptive and efficient rectifier for Radio Frequency (RF) energy harvesting applications. Traditional rectifiers have maximum RF-DC Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) over a narrow range of RF input power due to diode breakdown voltage restrictions. The proposed adaptive design helps to extend the PCE over a wider range of RF input power at 2.45GHz using a simple design. Two alternative paths arecontrolled depending on the RF input power level. Low input power levels activate the first path connected to a single rectifier; low power levels make the diode operate below its breakdown voltage and therefore avoiding PCE degradation. High input power levels activate the second path dividing it into three rectifiers. This keeps input power at each rectifier at a low power level to avoid exceeding the diode break down voltage. Simulated PCE of this work is kept above 50% over a range of 21.4 dBm input power from -0.8dBm to 20.6dBm.
Design method for RF energy harvesting rectifiers
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, 2020
This brief presents a methodology to design RF energy harvesting rectifiers that produce a system with higher efficiency when compared to traditionally optimized circuits. The proposed methodology uses a dual-perspective approach, exploiting the designer's knowledge of the rectifier's operation, as a qualitative evaluation, and the precise results obtained by SPICE simulation as quantitative computation of the system's response. The compromises considered by the mathematical steady state models in the existing literature limit their practical use for manual calculations. Instead, nonlinear steady state simulation methods, such as harmonic balance, provide a much better design tool. The proposed method improves the efficiency of rectifiers by up to 27 % with respect to arbitrary initial conditions.
Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications
The system capable of harvesting RF energy from the environment through an antenna and converting it into direct current energy to deliver to a load is known as rectenna. The rectifier circuit is an important part of the rectenna and its modeling is arduous since it employs a non-linear device working at extremely low power levels. In addition, there are some losses in the system. Thus, the design of a high-efficient rectifier is a great challenge. In this work, several rectifier topologies are optimized, using the Genetic Algorithm, in order to achieve the highest efficiency and output voltage. An analysis of the influence of the variables on the output of these rectifiers was also performed. The topologies under investigation were optimized for-15 dBm input power and 2.45 GHz operating frequency, in accordance with the most suitable band for energy harvesting. Under these conditions, the Monodiode Series topology presents the best performance. When the input power is-15 dBm, it presents an output voltage of 402 mV and an efficiency of 51.3%. At that power level, the achieved efficiency is higher than that found in the literature.
Performance of Mosfet Rectifier for Ultra-Low Power RF Energy Harvesting System
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This paper presents an analysis simulation of the performance on the MOSFET rectifier circuit designed to operate at ultra-low power levels by utilizing of RF energy harvesting source for a wireless microsensor network applications. Research on energy harvesting proposes that micro sensors could utilize the harvested energy from the surroundings. This research aims to propose an architecture of ultra-low power operation and energy efficiency enhancement in RF energy harvester from RF energy sources captured by surface-micro machined patch antenna. The MOSFET rectifying circuit is simulated and analyzed using PSPICE software. Three different transistors are studied for rectifying an AC signal at 5 GHz operating frequency. A comparison between CMOS technology and normal transistor conditions in which identifying one transistor in 0.13-μm CMOS technology implementation and two different commercial Philips transistors, respectively, has been investigated. The input power levels of focus...
Rectifiers’ Design and Optimization for a Dual-Channel RF Energy Harvester
Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications
This paper presents the design and implementation of two front-ends for RF (Radio Frequency) energy harvesting, comparing them with the commercial one—P2110 by Powercast Co. (Pittsburgh, PA, USA) Both devices are implemented on a discrete element board with microstrip lines combined with lumped elements and are optimized for two different input power levels (−10 dBm and 10 dBm, respectively), at the GSM900 frequencies. The load has been fixed at 5kΩ, after a load-pull analysis on systems. The rectifiers stages implement two different Schottky diodes in two different topologies: a single diode and a 2-stage Dickson’s charge pump. The second one is compared with the P2110 by generating RF fields at 915 MHz with the Powercast Powerspot. The main aim of this work is to design simple and efficient low-cost devices, which can be used as a power supply for low-power autonomous sensors, with better performances than the current solutions of state-of-the-art equipment, providing an acceptabl...
A dual-band rectifier for RF energy harvesting systems
2014 11th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-CON), 2014
Our cities are surrounded by a large number of radio frequency (RF) signals broadcasted by various wireless systems. In order to enhance the efficiency of energy usage in addition to the purpose of communication, ambient RF energy harvesting systems are designed to harvest and recycle wireless energy for many applications such as battery chargers, sensor devices and portable devices. The main element of the ambient RF energy harvesting system is a rectenna which is the combination of an antenna and a rectifying circuit. Even though the ambient RF energy is widely broadcasted by many systems, the energy is extremely low. Therefore, high performance antenna and rectifying circuits have to be designed for supporting small incident power; also the number of frequency channels of the rectenna can enhance the performance and support different harvesting locations. This paper proposes a dual-band rectifier for RF energy harvesting which is designed to operate at 2.1 GHz and 2.45 GHz. The first channel can provide the maximum efficiency of 24% with 1.9 V of the output voltage at 10 dBm of input power. On the other hand, a maximum efficiency of 18% and 1.7 V of the output voltage can be achieved by the second channel at 10 dBm of input power.