Prevalence of Mycoplasma hominis Infection in Pregnant Women with an Adverse Pregnancy Outcome: A Prospective Study (original) (raw)
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Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2014
Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma spp. may colonize the human genital tract and have been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm labour and preterm premature rupture of membranes. However, as these bacteria can reside in the normal vaginal flora, there are controversies regarding their true role during pregnancy and so the need to treat these organisms. We therefore conducted a retrospective analysis to evaluate the treatment of genital mycoplasma in 5377 pregnant patients showing symptoms of potential obstetric complications at 25-37 weeks of gestation. Women presenting with symptoms were routinely screened by culture for the presence of these bacteria and treated with clindamycin when positive. Compared with uninfected untreated patients, women treated for genital mycoplasma demonstrated lower rates of premature labour. Indeed preterm birth rates were, respectively, 40.9% and 37.7% in women colonized with Ureaplasma spp. and M. hominis, compared with 44.1% in u...
International journal of reproductive biomedicine (Yazd, Iran), 2016
Mycoplasma infections are suggested as etiology of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of Mycoplasma hominis (M. hominis) infection and spontaneous abortion among pregnant women. In this case-control study that was conducted from August 2012 to January 2013, totally, 109 women were included with spontaneous abortion with gestational ages of 10-20 weeks (Cases), and 109 women with normal pregnancy with gestational ages between 20-37 weeks (Controls) in Sanandaj, Iran. Using specific primers and extracted DNA from endocervical swabs, a PCR test was conducted for detection of M. hominis infection in women. For comparison of qualitative and quantitative variables, independent Fisher tests were used and p<0.05 was considered significant. The total frequency of M. hominis infection was 6 (2.75%) in women. The frequency of M. hominis infection was 2 (1.83%) in the case group (spontaneous abortion) and 4 (3.66%) in the control group, respecti...
Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Cancer Research
Background & Objective: Mycoplasma hominis, which belongs to the Mycoplasmataceae family, is an opportunistic pathogen of the genitourinary system. Mycoplasma genitalium, causing urethritis-endometritis-cervicitis, plays a role in prostatitis This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of M. genitalium and M. hominis among women with vaginal infection in Zabol, Iran. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 69 endocervical samples were taken from women aged 18 to 60 years who suffered from vaginal infections. DNAs extracted from the samples were applied as a template for 16SrDNA coding gene amplification using specific primers in two separate PCR reactions. Results: The highest infection rate was in the age group of 25 to 35 years, with a prevalence of 75%. The highest rate of negative PCR results (54%) was in the age group of 25 to 35 years, followed by the age groups of 36 to 45 years (28%), 18 to 24 years (4%), and older than 45 years (3%). The lowest rate was in the age group younger than 18 years (2%). Considering their levels of education, the highest rate of infection was seen in the subjects with bachelor's degrees. The rate of Mycoplasma genitalium infection was equal in the subjects who had and did not have a miscarriage (50%). Only 5.7% of the subjects with negative PCR samples had a miscarriage and the rest (94.3%) did not experience a miscarriage. Conclusion: Overall, the present study showed that the rate of Mycoplasma vaginal infections was very low Also there is no significance deference for infection rate between pregnant women with or without miscarriage history. However, those with Mycoplasma-negative PCR samples had a low miscarriage rate.
2018
Among the organisms that cause genital infection are Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum which are commensally in women urogenital but may become pathogens and were associated as a cause of complications of genital tract infection in pregnant women, such as ascending chorioamnionitis, premature rupture of membranes, preterm birth, miscarriage, weight and neonatal birth low and newborn deaths..The objective of this study was to describe the characteristic of multiparous women with Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum infection. Design of the study was a descriptive study with cross-sectional approach by collecting cervical swab of 50 multiparous women from outpatient clinic in Medan. Duplex PCR assay was perfomed using two primers: RNAH1 and RNAH2 that amplify the 16sRNA M. Hominis gene at 334bp; UMS125 and UMA226 amplifying serovar3 genes multiple banded antigen which can amplify biovar1 that appeared at 403bp and biovar2 appeared at 448bp. The result of this stud...
Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2021
Background The role of Mycoplasma hominis (M. hominis) as a genital tract pathogen was still debatable. This study identified the risk factors associated with the prevalence of M. hominis in South African pregnant women. Methods This was a cross-sectional analysis of n = 221 prenatal patients attending a Durban hospital during November 2017 to April 2018. M. hominis was detected from urine samples using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The population characteristics were described using frequencies stratified by the infection status of M. hominis. In addition, a univariate analysis was used to assess the relationship between each risk factor and infection status. The analysis further considered logistic regression to assess the influence of these risk factors univariately and in the presence of other factors. The coinfection rate between M. hominis and bacterial vaginosis (BV), Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis), Mycoplasma genitalium (M. genitalium) and Candida species...
Mycoplasma genitalium is not associated with adverse outcomes of pregnancy in Guinea-Bissau
Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2002
Objective: To evaluate the impact of Mycoplasma genitalium on the outcome of pregnancy. Methods: Cervical samples from women who had previously participated in a case-control study (designed to assess the impact of syphilis and HIV-2 on the outcome of pregnancy in Guinea-Bissau) were processed using a PCR assay to detect the presence of M genitalium. Controls were women who had delivered a term neonate with a birth weight over 2500 g. Cases were classified into four groups of mothers according to the outcome of pregnancy: stillbirths, spontaneous abortions, premature deliveries, and small for gestational age (SGA) babies. Results: Among the 1014 women included in this study, 6.2% were infected with M genitalium. M genitalium infection was not significantly associated with any of the adverse outcomes of pregnancy studied. Odds ratios (OR) for premature or SGA delivery in the presence of M genitalium infection were 1.37 (95% CI 0.69 to 2.60) and 0.44 (95% CI 0.01 to 2.75), respectively. For abortions and stillbirths, OR were respectively 0.61 (95% CI 0.07 to 2.51) and 1.07 (95% CI 0.42 to 2.42). Conclusion: M genitalium appears not to have a deleterious impact on the outcome of pregnancy.
Background: Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum are bacteria without cell wall, mostly isolated from the genito-urinary tract of both men and women. They are associated with infertility, pelvic inflammatory disease, cervicitis, epididymitis, obstetric pathologies as well as perinatal disorders. M. hominis and U. urealyticum have higher mutation rates and increasing antimicrobial resistance being reported. Proper treatment will reduce adverse maternal and foetal outcomes during and after pregnancy. Aim: This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in pregnant women in Douala. Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study involving pregnant women. Methods: One hundred pregnant women enrolled from the antennal care unit of three district hospitals in Douala. A questionnaire was administered to each consenting participant and a cervical swab collected. Isolation, enumeration and sensitivity tests were done using Mycoplasma IES kit. Results: Overall, the prevalence of genital mycoplasmas was 38% (95% CI: 28.5 – 48.3). The prevalence of M. hominis, U. urealyticum and coinfection with M. hominis and U. urealyticum were 4%, 29%, and 5% respectively. Prevalence of genital mycoplasmas was significantly higher in women between 21 and 25 years, hairdressers, and women who had a history of two spontaneous abortions. M. hominis isolates were most sensitive to pristinamycin (100%), josamycin (75%), clindamycin (75%) and levofloxacin (75%), while U. urealyticum were most sensitive to josamycin (79.31%) and pristinamycin (72.41%). All M. hominis isolates were resistant to erythromycin, roxythromycin, ciprifloxacin, clarithromycin, and tetracycline, meanwhile all U. urealyticum isolates were resistant to clindamycin. Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of genital mycoplasmas in the target population. The mycoplasmas were most sensitive to josamycin and pristinamycin. These findings underscore the need for regular screening and appropriate treatment of mycoplasmas in pregnant women in Douala.
Iranian Journal of Microbiology, 2014
Background and Objectives Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum are important opportunistic pathogens that cause urogenital infections and accelerated newborn delivery in pregnant women. Moreover genital mycoplasmas have been implicated in different neonatal diseases such as pneumonia, sepsis and meningitis. This study was conducted to find out the prevalence and transmission rate of these two organisms in pregnant women and their neonates. Materials and Methods Nasotracheal and pharyngeal specimens of 165 newborns hospitalized at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Rasoul Akram Hospital (during 2010 – 2011) were assessed by PCR to detect M. hominis and U. urealyticum. Moreover, PCR of vaginal specimens from their mothers were obtained to determine the prevalence of these organisms in pregnant women and rate of transmission to their newborns. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results Totally, the results of PCR were positive in 33 newborns (20%). Vaginal colonizatio...
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
Background: Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma have been extensively studied for their possible impact on pregnancy, and their involvement in newborn diseases. This work examined Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma carriage among gravidas women and newborns in Israel, as well as associations between carriage and demographic characteristics, risk factors, pregnancy outcomes, and newborn morbidity rates. Methods: A total of 214 gravidas women were examined for vaginal pathogen carriage through standard culture and polymerase chain reaction assay. Pharyngeal swabs were collected from newborns of carrier mothers. Clinical and demographic data were collected and infected newborn mortality was monitored for 6 months. Results: Nineteen mothers were carriers, with highest prevalence among younger women. Pathogen carriage rates were 2.32% for Mycoplasma genitalium (Mg), 4.19% for Ureaplasma parvum (Up) and 2.32% for Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu). Arab ethnicity was a statistically significant risk factor (p = 0.002). A higher prevalence was seen among women residing in cities as compared to villages. Thirteen (68%) newborns born to carrier mothers were carriers as well, with a higher prevalence among newborns of women delivering for the first time, compared to women that had delivered before. Infection rates among newborns were 20% for Mg (p = 0.238), 100% for Up (p < 0.01), and 28.5% for Uu (p = 0.058), with more male than female newborns being infected. No association was found between maternal carriage and newborn morbidity. Conclusions: Maternal Mycoplasma or Ureaplasma carriage may be associated with ethnicity and settlement type. Further studies will be needed to identify factors underlying these associations and their implications on delivery. Background Mycoplasma genitalium (Mg), Ureaplasma parvum (Up) and Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) are members of the Mycoplasmataceae family, known as the smallest form of life in terms of size and genome length. The Mycoplasma genus is a part of a larger class called Mollicutes, which contains 200 species. These bacteria are common parasites in humans, mammals, reptiles, fish, arthropods and plants. In humans, these bacteria are part of the normal flora and are mainly present in the oropharynx, upper respiratory tract, and parts of a distal urinary tract and reproductive system. In the past, due to the presence of these bacteria in the normal flora of healthy populations, it was doubted whether they are pathogens. However, with time, it became firmly established that these bacteria play a role in sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) [1, 5].