Rational Use of Energy in Sports Centres to Achieve Net Zero: The SAVE Project (Part A) (original) (raw)
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Energy conservation strategies for sports centers: Part A. Sports halls
Energy and Buildings, 1998
This paper summarizes the results from a number of energy audits and the analysis performed in order to improve indoor conditions and optimize energy use, in Hellenic sports halls, performed for the European Commission, in the framework of the SAVE program. The aim of this work was to investigate the technical, functional and administrative obstacles for energy conservation in sports centers (including swimming pools) and to propose practical and cost-effective solutions for improving their energy efficiency, indoor thermal and visual comfort throughout the year. The work concentrated on retrofitting of existing buildings, although the proposed design and management principles could also be followed in new projecrs in the area of sports and recreation facilities. 0 1998 Elsevier Science S.A.
Energy Efficiency Analysis for a Sport Complex
Disiplinlerarası Yenilik Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2021
Today, people spend 87% of their time indoors and an additional 6% inside vehicles (on average). The buildings and construction sector are responsible for 36% of the global total energy consumption and 40% of the total direct and indirect CO 2 emissions. Therefore, with each passing day, the efforts to increase efficiency in building energy usage are gaining importance. In this study, an energy survey was conducted for a sports complex in Istanbul with a capacity of 1,306 spectators and annual energy consumption of 729.6 TOE (Tons of Oil Equivalent) and then, some measures to increase efficiency were presented. These measures were examined on the systems where energy consumption was intense, such as cooling, air conditioning, instalments and lighting. With the measures to be taken, it is predicted that annually 68.2 TOE of energy can be saved.
Characteristics of energy-efficient swimming facilities – A case study
Energy, 2014
The European Union has introduced a directive with the aim to reduce primary energy production. With 40% of energy consumption connected to buildings there is a particular need of understanding the energy consumption profile and determine measures to achieve the agreed targets. Swimming facilities is a building category with particularly high energy consumption. The aim of this paper is to identify energyefficient facilities and do an in-depth analysis to be able to determine their characteristics and further to describe how they achieve this low energy consumption. In order to find the most energy-efficient facilities, questionnaires were sent to all Norwegian swimming facilities. The results were screened and a follow up questionnaire, making a deeper analysis possible, was sent to the facilities with the lowest energy-use. The in-depth analysis showed that the facilities with the lowest energy consumption use heat exchangers and heat pumps to recover energy from the outgoing water and air. The energy is then used to warm up incoming air, pool water and tap water. However, it can be seen that even the best swimming facilities have room for improvement.
Applied Sciences, 2019
Energy performance upgrade of stadiums constitutes a complex and demanding task because of both the size and the variety of the involved energy loads. The present article aims to summarize the basic results of the implemented study on the energy performance upgrade of the Pancretan Stadium, Crete, Greece. This target was approached with a cluster of passive and active measures: replacement of old openings, a photovoltaic station, an open loop geothermal system, installation of energy-efficient lighting devices, a solar-biomass combi system and a Building Energy Management System (BEMS) for the control of the main energy consumptions. The dimensioning of all the proposed active systems is optimized through the computational simulation of their annual operation. With the applied technologies, the achieved annual energy saving percentage exceeds 83%. The Renewable Energy Sources annual penetration percentage is calculated at 82% versus the annual energy consumption. The Stadium's energy performance is upgraded from rank D to rank A+, according to the European Union's directives. The setup cost of the under consideration energy performance upgrade systems is approximately calculated at 2,700,000 €, with a payback period of 12 years, calculated versus the achieved monetary savings due to the reduction of the consumed energy resources.
2013
Rising energy costs are a concern to all businesses but especially to those who have a large energy demand. Sports centres with swimming pools have large requirements for heat and electricity in order to maintain thermal comfort within the pool and surrounding areas. Sports centres which were built in the 1970s were designed at a time when energy was cheap and many of today's control strategies and energy efficiency measures were unavailable. This project is an investigation into the electrical and thermal consumption of the Tallaght Sports Complex. The Tallaght Sports Complex was built in the 1970s and is lacking in modern energy saving technologies. A detailed examination of the energy flows within the building is carried out and consumption patterns for all large energy users are identified. Methods of reducing energy consumption for the large energy users are discussed, calculated and in some cases, implemented. Results from the implemented energy saving strategies are analysed. The results of the project show that there is a large potential to reduce the energy demand of the Tallaght Sports Complex, mainly through the installation of a cross flow heat exchanger, but also through the use of variable speed drives and a building management system.
Energy and Water Consumption Characterization of Portuguese Indoor Swimming Pools
Indoor swimming pools have high water and energy (electricity and natural gas) consumption levels due to the need to provide suitable thermal comfort conditions (temperature and relative humidity) to its occupants and to counterbalance losses (evaporation, ventilation, etc.). In Portugal, most of the swimming pool facilities belong to the municipalities and their operation represent a considerable financial burden. This work intent to characterize and benchmark the energy (electrical and thermal) and water consumption of five sport complexes with indoor swimming pools, located in two cities of the Centre of Portugal. The four most commonly performance indicators used in the literature were calculated and analyzed according to the operating time and services. Some measures are suggested to enhance the energy efficiency as well as to reduce the consumptions. Within the building sector, sport centers have quite different energy requirements when compared with other types of buildings (...
A proposal of energy performance indicators for a reliable benchmark of swimming facilities
Energy and Buildings, 2016
The main research question tackled in this work is which energy performance indicator should be used to benchmark energy usage in swimming facilities. After the design and administration of a survey, data from 43 Norwegian swimming facilities were collected. A quality assurance process was applied to the collected data, which were than stored in a database, resulting in 176 datasets. A correlation and multiple linear regression analysis were carried out to identify (i) to what extent a number of independent variables characterising swimming facilities are singularly related to energy performance and (ii) to what extent the identified independent variables can together explain the variation in energy performance. Unlike in residential and commercial buildings, climate does not drive the total energy performance of swimming facilities. Instead, overall water usage of the facility was observed to be most strongly correlated with the energy usage, followed by the number of visitors attending in a year, the usable area of the facility and the water surface of the pool(s). It is difficult to obtain accurate values for any of these variables except for the water surface. A multiple linear regression analysis showed that the number of visitors is the variable that explains most of the variation in the energy performance of swimming facilities. Therefore, the authors conclude that, for benchmarking purposes, the energy usage of swimming facilities, shall be preferably normalised with respect to the number of visitors. If no reliable visitor count is available, then water surface can be used.
Energy Procedia, 2017
District heating networks are commonly addressed in the literature as one of the most effective solutions for decreasing the greenhouse gas emissions from the building sector. These systems require high investments which are returned through the heat sales. Due to the changed climate conditions and building renovation policies, heat demand in the future could decrease, prolonging the investment return period. The main scope of this paper is to assess the feasibility of using the heat demand-outdoor temperature function for heat demand forecast. The district of Alvalade, located in Lisbon (Portugal), was used as a case study. The district is consisted of 665 buildings that vary in both construction period and typology. Three weather scenarios (low, medium, high) and three district renovation scenarios were developed (shallow, intermediate, deep). To estimate the error, obtained heat demand values were compared with results from a dynamic heat demand model, previously developed and validated by the authors. The results showed that when only weather change is considered, the margin of error could be acceptable for some applications (the error in annual demand was lower than 20% for all weather scenarios considered). However, after introducing renovation scenarios, the error value increased up to 59.5% (depending on the weather and renovation scenarios combination considered). The value of slope coefficient increased on average within the range of 3.8% up to 8% per decade, that corresponds to the decrease in the number of heating hours of 22-139h during the heating season (depending on the combination of weather and renovation scenarios considered). On the other hand, function intercept increased for 7.8-12.7% per decade (depending on the coupled scenarios). The values suggested could be used to modify the function parameters for the scenarios considered, and improve the accuracy of heat demand estimations.
A Methodology of Energy Optimization in Indoor Swimming Pool
Tecnica Italiana-Italian Journal of Engineering Science
Swimming pools require a large amount of energy to provide comfort for the swimmers, therefore, energy saving actions must be studied in order to optimise their efficiency even when the existing systems are already of high performance. The case study relies on a public indoor swimming pool, in which dynamic simulations were developed by using TRNSYS software. Experimental measurement campaign was also performed in order to investigate the system operation to calibrate the numerical model by using the real data. Starting from the virtual model of the pool centre different energy efficiency actions have been analysed in the interest of find achievable energy savings. The first action is related to a new management of the pool centre and involves the reduction of evaporation losses from the water pool surface; the other action proposes to increase the heating supply coming from renewable source. The results of the analysis outline that both proposed solutions permit a reduction of total heat needs and therefore of the amount of primary energy. This permits to carry out replicable analyses by adapting the studied plant system to different operating swimming centres systems, investigating their efficiencies and identifying solutions for energy saving actions.