Sequence analysis reveals asymptomatic infection with Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum possibly leads to infertility in females: A cross-sectional study (original) (raw)
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https://www.ijrrjournal.com/IJRR\_Vol.7\_Issue.8\_Aug2020/Abstract\_IJRR003.html, 2020
Infertility is a failure to raise children after having approximately 12 months of regular marital contact without using contraception. One of the factors that influence infertility is infections including infections of M. hominis and U. urealyticum bacteria. This study aimed to determine the relation between M. hominis and U. urealyticum bacterial infections and infertility in women of reproductive age couples. This research was analytic with case control design of endocervical swab on infertile women of reproductive age couples and 33 fertile women of reproductive age couple. This research was conducted in the Then, the sample was tested molecularly. M. hominis and U. urealyticum bacterial infections were examined by using PCR with a length of M. hominis product of 509 bp and U. urealyticum of 429 bp. Data processing was analyzed statistically by using the chi-square test. The results showed that in infertile and fertile women of reproductive age couples, M. hominis was not found, but U. urealyticum was found in infertile and fertile women, but there was no statistical relation with the infertility in women of reproductive age couples, p = 0.091 and OR value = 0.313. The conclusion of this study is that there is no statistical relation between M. hominis and U. urealyticum bacterial infections and infertility in women of reproductive age couples
Scientific Reports
To our knowledge, the phylodistribution of M. hominis clinical strains associated with various pathological conditions of the urogenital tract has not been explored hitherto. Here we analyzed the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among 59 M. hominis Tunisian clinical isolates, categorized as gynecological infections-or infertility-associated pathotypes. For this purpose, we developed an expanded multilocus sequence typing (eMLST) scheme, combining the previously reported multilocus sequence typing (MLST) loci (gyrB, tuf, ftsY, uvrA, gap) with a new selected set of putative virulence genes (p120', vaa, lmp1, lmp3, p60), referred herein to as multi-virulence-locus sequence typing (MVLST) loci. In doing so, M. hominis population was segregated into two distinct genetic lineages, which were differentially associated with each pathotype. Such a clear dichotomy was supported by several phylogenetic and population genetic analysis tools. Recombination was found to take place, but not sufficient enough to break down the overall clonal population structure of M. hominis, most likely as a result of purifying selection, which accommodated the most fit clones. In sum, and owing to the eMLST scheme described herein, we provide insightful data on the phylogenetics of M. hominis, arguing for the existence of genetically differentiable urogenital pathotypes. Mycoplasma hominis, which belongs to the Mycoplasmataceae family, in the Mollicutes class, was the first mycoplasma species isolated from humans in 1937 1. It resides, as a commensal, in the lower urogenital tract of healthy persons. Under certain circumstances, M. hominis can cause a variety of genital infections such as bacterial vaginosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and cervicitis 2. This microorganism seems to be associated with pregnancy complications and neonatal diseases 3. In addition, several studies reported the pathogenic role of M. hominis in infertility 4,5. More interestingly, this species has been linked to a wide range of extragenital infections (septic arthritis, endocarditis, brain abscess), especially in immunocompromised patients 6-8. To better understand the epidemiology and the mode of spread of M. hominis, several molecular typing systems have been developed. These include Pulse-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP), and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RADP). All these methods have revealed a high degree of both genetic and antigenic heterogeneity among M. hominis strains 9-12. Although informative, these approaches proved to be quite difficult to
Nephro-Urology Monthly, 2014
Background: Infection of urogenital system with Mycoplasma potentially affect reproductive system and increases infants mortalities. Therefore, detection of these organisms is an important issue that should be considered and appropriate diagnostic methods should be used to identify these microorganisms. In the female reproductive system, infection can affect different parts of the cervix, endometrium, and fallopian tube. The extent of this infection in different diseases and its pathogenesis might be related to anatomic site of involvement. Some infections can lead to infertility in both males and females. Genital infection with Mycoplasmas have devastating effects on reproductive organs and cause fertility disorders and mortality in infants. In recent years, many studies have been conducted to isolate these pathogens; however, the isolates have not been identified so far. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the molecular identity of Mycoplasma hominis isolated from infertile female and male reproductive system in the Infertility Center of Kerman. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was performed purposefully on 100 infertile females and 100 infertile males who were referred to the Infertility Center of Kerman during a six-month period. The collected samples of semen and vaginal swabs were examined for the presence of M. hominis by PCR. The samples with positive results in PCR were selected for molecular identification. Alignment of samples sequence was performed using MEGA 5 software through Neighbor-joining method. Results: Among 100 samples from infertile males, the presence of genus Mycoplasma was confirmed in 45 cases of which 15 cases were infected with M. hominis. Among 100 samples from infertile female, the presence of genus Mycoplasma was confirmed in 43 cases of which 18 case were infected with M. hominis. The positive samples were sequenced and the phylogenetic tree was plotted. Conclusions: The results showed that 37.5% of infertile males and females were infected with M. hominis. Analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the study isolates indicates a particular variety among these isolates. In comparing the isolates in the study, a very little genotypic similarity was found among some of them.
Prevalence of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in Genital Tract Infections
2009
Background: Mycoplasmas (Mycoplasma spp. and Ureaplasma spp.) are sexually transmitted organisms found primarily in the human urogenital microbiota. These microorganisms are frequently associated with some diseases including non-gonococcal urethritis, vaginosis, pregnancy complications, prenatal infections, systemic infections and infertility. Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma spp. in routine gynecological care. Patients and Methods: A cross sectional study with simple random sampling was designed. A total of 6,810 patients with the age range of 11 to 80 years were evaluated, during a six-month period from January 2015 to June 2015 in Sao Paulo, Brazil. DNAs were extracted from cytological samples (ThinPrep™) to detect microorganisms by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results: The high prevalence of M. hominis (n = 79), Ureaplasma spp. (n = 2,026) and the co-colonization of both (n = 199) with P < 0.0001 in the samples were verified, mainly in sexually active aged females. The results also indicated a negative and significant correlation between co-colonization of Ureaplasma spp. and M. hominis, Ureaplasma spp., and age. Conclusions: In conclusion, the data showed that high rate of females harbor these microorganisms in the genital microbiota. This finding suggests the importance of routine gynecological tests, mainly in pregnant females, during the second and third trimesters, and in asymptomatic females under infertility clinical investigation. Furthermore, the application of molecular methods is suggested; since they provide a fast and accurate diagnosis of these microorganisms, but sensitivity of the tests should be considered in the clinical relevant concentration of microorganisms in the genital microbiota.
Revista latinoamericana de microbiología
The purpose of this study was to determine the isolation rates of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum from three populations of women and also to relate the presence of these microorganisms with some indicators of nonspecific vaginitis. Three hundred vaginal swabs were taken from delivery, pregnant and control (not pregnant) women. Cultures were done in E broth supplemented with arginine or urea. M. hominis was isolated in 5% at delivery, 12% from pregnant and 5% from control women and U. urealyticum was isolated in 21%, 31% and 28% respectively. There was statistical difference in the isolation rate of M. hominis in pregnant women respect to the other groups. Both microorganisms were more frequently isolated in women with acid vaginal pH, amine-like odor in KOH test, clue cells and leucorrhea. M. hominis was isolated in 17% and U. urealyticum in 52% from women with nonspecific vaginitis. M. hominis was isolated in 2% and U. urealyticum in 13% from women without nonspecifi...
Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, 2000
Twenty Mycoplasma hominis strains isolated from colonized women and women with various urogenital infections were investigated for genetic and antigenic homo geneity by different methods. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis demonstrated heterogeneity for all strains, with one exception. Two strains sequen tially isolated from one patient showed identical patterns. Otherwise, no clonal clus tering could be detected within the strains isolated from either of the diagnostic groups. In contrast, SDS-PAGE analysis and the comparison of the immunoblot pat tern revealed antigenic similarities of strains isolated from patients with bacterial va ginosis, chorioamnionitis, premature rupture of membranes and preterm delivery as well as endometritis but showed obvious differences in comparison to strains isolat ed from colonized women.
Comparison of Mycoplasma Hominis and Ureaplasma Urealyticum in Infertile Women and Control Group
HAKIM, 2001
Females abortion is one of the most important sequela of genital infection with Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum. In this study frequency of Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum was studied in 125 females with habitual abortion by direct and indirect immunofluorescence tests and culture method and compared with 250 normal population. The results obtained were as follow: Mycoplasma hominis was isolated from 18 (14.4%) females with habitual abortion and 18 (7.2%) normal population (P=0.0139). Ureaplasma urealyticum was isolated from 39 (31.2%) females with habitual abortion and 48 (19.2%) normal population (P= 0.0045). Chlamydia trachomatis was detected by direct immunofluorescence test in 9 (7.2%) of cases and 2 (0.8%) of control groups (P=0.0002). The antibody titer against D-K serotypes of Chlamydia trachomatis was also measured. The valuable titer of antibody (>1/16) was detected in 15 (12%) of cases and 8 (3.2%) of control groups (P=0.0004). The results show that Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum may be responsible for some cases of abortion.
2018
Among the organisms that cause genital infection are Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum which are commensally in women urogenital but may become pathogens and were associated as a cause of complications of genital tract infection in pregnant women, such as ascending chorioamnionitis, premature rupture of membranes, preterm birth, miscarriage, weight and neonatal birth low and newborn deaths..The objective of this study was to describe the characteristic of multiparous women with Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum infection. Design of the study was a descriptive study with cross-sectional approach by collecting cervical swab of 50 multiparous women from outpatient clinic in Medan. Duplex PCR assay was perfomed using two primers: RNAH1 and RNAH2 that amplify the 16sRNA M. Hominis gene at 334bp; UMS125 and UMA226 amplifying serovar3 genes multiple banded antigen which can amplify biovar1 that appeared at 403bp and biovar2 appeared at 448bp. The result of this stud...
Research Journal of Microbiology, 2015
Mycoplasma hominis is normally found in the urinary tract of human and its role in Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) has been proved. This bacterium causes inflammatory responses and accumulation of leucocytes in urethra. In spite of the presence of the bacteria, the urine culture might be negative. Mycoplasma hominis can be transferred sexually and causes human infertility. The present study was conducted to detect and identify Mycoplasma hominis by molecular methods in urine samples of the patients with UTI, who were referred to our hospital. A total number of 864 urine samples from the patients with UTI were subjected to this study. After routine culture, urine analysis were performed on the samples. The DNA was extracted from the sediments of the urine samples, using phenol and chloroform method. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was conducted on the extracted DNA to detect the 16S rRNA of Mycoplasma hominis, with the primers; RNAH1 and RNAH2. Based on the results of PCR tests, out of 100 pyuria positive samples, 9 and 1% were infected with Mycoplasma sp. and Mycoplasma hominis, respectively. The sequencing of amplified product of 16S-rRNA revealed a single nucleotide substitution (269 T A), compared with the reference gene of this species.
Medicina, 2021
Background and objectives: Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) and Mycoplasma hominis (MH) are two commensal microorganisms that form the urogenital microbiota. Under a state of dysbiosis, both bacteria cause intrauterine infection. Material and methods: Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to analyze the prevalence of UU and MH among four hundred and eleven infertile women. Results: Women between thirty and thirty-five years old were the most affected group, followed by those that were 25 and 30 years old, respectively. Cumulatively, the prevalence of single UU and MH, and coinfection, was 28.46% (n = 117), (n = 2) 0.48%, and 2.91% (n = 12), respectively, with an overall detection rate of 31.87% (n = 131). To assess the associated drug susceptibility, endocervical samples were unequally sent to Regina Maria (n = 281) and Synevo (n = 130) laboratories for further analyses. Pristinamycin (100% vs. 100%) and Josamycin (100% vs. 98.00%) were the most efficient antibiotics in eradica...