Evaluation of tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum Miller) varieties for nematode and ralstonia diseases resistance and productivity (original) (raw)
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Nematropica, 2019
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most popular vegetable crops grown worldwide. However, tomato production is constrained by root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) and bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) either singly or as a disease complex. Thus, the reaction of tomato cultivars Assila, Cochoro, Marmande, and Moneymaker was evaluated in a glasshouse experiment. Disease resistance against a single isolate of M. incognita and R. solanacearum alone or as a co-infestation was tested. Six inoculation sequences (simultaneous, M. incognita inoculation 10 days prior to R. solanacearum, and R. solanacearum inoculation 10 days prior to M. incognita) were considered in the study. The experiment was factorially arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications. Responses of tomato genotypes to inoculation sequences were made based on tomato biomass and growth and disease development parameters. Inoculation sequence significantly (P<0.05) influenced plant a...
Evaluation of Resistance to Race 3, Biovar 2 of Ralstonia solanacearum in Tomato Germplasm
Journal of Phytopathology, 2006
Sources of resistance to tropical race 1 strains of Ralstonia solanacearum, the causative agent of bacterial wilt, have been identified in the tomato germplasm. Till now, no experimental data are available on Lycopersicon spp. (now Solanum spp.) sources for resistance to temperate race 3, biovar 2 strains. Eighty-two accessions belonging to different Lycopersicon spp. were evaluated for resistance to a race 3 strain endemic to Re´union Island. Evaluation was conducted in growth chambers, and included the Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Roma as susceptible control. No immunity or complete resistance was observed in any accession tested under our experimental conditions. Therefore, race 3 strain was demonstrated to be highly pathogenic on all the Lycopersicon accessions tested. Partial resistance was significantly detected in only one accession belonging to the species Lycopersicon peruvianum, and one L. esculentum var. cerasiforme tomato line. Five other genotypes from the species L. esculentum, Lycopersicon hirsutum and L. peruvianum were noteworthy. The Hawaii 7996 line represented the best source of partial resistance to race 3 with 52% of wilting. It can therefore be used as a starting point for introducing resistance to bacterial wilt caused by R. solanacearum race 3 in tomato and studying its genetic control.
Evaluation of Resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum in Tomato Genetic Resources at Seedling Stage
The plant pathology journal, 2016
Bacterial wilt of tomatoes caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a devastating disease that limits the production of tomato in Korea. The best way to control this disease is using genetically resistant tomato plant. The resistance degree to R. solanacearum was evaluated for 285 tomato accessions conserved in the National Agrobiodiversity Center of Rural Development Administration. These accessions of tomato were originated from 23 countries. Disease severity of tomato accessions was investigated from 7 days to 14 days at an interval of 7 days after inoculation of R. solanacearum under greenhouse conditions. A total of 279 accessions of tomato germplasm were susceptible to R. solanacearum, resulting in wilt and death in 70 to 90% of these plants. Two tomato accessions were moderately resistant to R. solanacearum. Only four accessions showed high resistance against R. solanacearum. No distinct symptom of bacterial wilt appeared on the resistant tomato germplasms for up to 14 days after ...
Identification of Novelroot-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne Incognita) Resistant Tomato Genotypes
February 2022, 2021
Salad rocket (Eruca sativa), which is becoming increasingly important, comprises a wide variety of phytochemicals that promote health, such as carotenoids, fibers, glucosinolates (GLs), polyphenols, and ascorbic acid (AsA). Variations in the nutritional components of a rocket cultivar and the effects of different organic matter on biochemical changes under salt stress were examined herein. The response of salad rocket (Eruca sativa.) to applications of farmyard manure, humic acid, or vermicompost, as well as water irrigation salinity at 8 dS m-1 was evaluated under greenhouse conditions using plastic pots containing 12 L of loamy sand. For each experiment, 5 treatments were performed, as follows: 1) control [C: NaCl-free], 2) salt treatment [S: irrigation with solution contained 8 dS m-1 ], 3) salt treatment + cow manure [SM: irrigation with solution contained 8 dS m-1 + farmyard manure 136 g pot-1 ], 4) salt treatment + HA [SH: irrigation with solution contained 8 dS m-1 + 100 ppm HA], 5) salt treatment + vermicompost (worm casting) [SV: irrigation with solution contained 8 dS m-1 EC + 13.6 mg pot-1 ]. The experimental treatments were arranged in a randomized plot design with four replicates. At the experiment's conclusion, the malondialdehyde (MDA), total phenolic, flavonoid, AsA, total GLs contents, and antioxidative enzyme activities [ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)] were determined in the rocket leaves. The results revealed that the salt stress caused decreased photosynthetic pigments like total chlorophyll (Chl), Chl-a, Chl-b, and carotenoid contents, as well as total the GLs and phenolic contents, while total flavonoid, AsA, and SOD, CAT, APX, and GR activities showed an increase. The organic matter applications provided tolerance at different levels, and following the aforementioned procedures, there were significant increases (19%-134%), but the MDA content was reduced by 47%. Moreover, the application of organic matter increased the total GLs and antioxidative enzyme activities of APX, CAT, GR, and SOD under salt stress (21-424% increase). The results supported the application of organic matter to increase the defense system of rocket plant, enabling it to tolerate the negative effects induced by salinity. In addition, these applications contributed to the antioxidative defense system components in salad rocket.
3. DIFFERENTIAL REPONSE OF MI GENE-RESISTANT TOMATO
Non-grafted nematode-susceptible tomatoes and tomatoes grafted onto the Mi-gene nematode-resistant rootstock cultivar Beaufort were grown under a range of Meloidogyne incognita population densities in pots in a greenhouse. Under high nematode densities, yields on resistant rootstocks were higher, and galling and root nematode densities at the final harvest were lower. However, galling and nematode levels on resistant rootstocks were still high, and did not correspond to a resistant response. In a second experiment possible reasons for this response, such as virulence of the nematode population used, a low inherent resistance level of the rootstock, or effect of the scion on the rootstock, were evaluated. The results from the second experiment showed that three different M. incognita populations that were used all behaved similar, and therefore the possibility of a virulent population was excluded. There was no influence of the susceptible scion on the resistant rootstock. Two different resistant rootstocks that were used in the second experiment both retained yields under high nematode densities, but exhibited big differences in root galling and final nematode populations. It is concluded that there are big differences between Mi-gene-resistant tomato cultivars as far as nematode host status, and that some should be considered tolerant rather than resistant. The choice of rootstock cultivar can have important consequences for the performance of a subsequent nematode susceptible crop. r
Selection and Inheritance of Tomato Resistance against Ralstonia solanacearum
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia, 2019
Ralstonia solanacearum is a plant pathogen causes wilting which is a major obstacle in the cultivation of tomato plants. In plant breeding, knowledge of the source of resistance genes and inheritance patterns is important in the development of bacterial wilt resistant varieties. This study aimed to obtain bacterial wilt resistant lines and to find out the inheritance pattern of tomato resistance to bacterial wilt. Selection of resistant plant involved the selected breeding lines from irradiation and crossing collections of the Genetic Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Introduced lines of H-7996 and F1 Permata and Timoti were used as a control. H-7996 as resistant parents and GM2 as susceptible parents, and their offspring include F1 GM2 x H-7996, F1 reciprocal, F2, Back Cross 1 (F1 x GM2), and Back Cross 2 (F1 x H-7996) used in testing inheritance patterns. Inoculation was carried out 1 week after planting by pouring 100 ml of water suspension of R. solana...
Tomato (Solanumlycopersicum) is an important horticultural vegetable crop among small and large scale farmers in Kenya, grown for its nutritional and commercial purposes. However, gains from its production is limited by losses resulting from incidences of Bacterial wilt (Ralstoniasolanacearum) which has proved difficult to control and drastically decrease tomato yield and quality by up to 80%. The losses vary widely according to host, cultivar, climate, soil type, cropping practices and pathogen strain. The objectives of this study were to investigate the response of selected tomato varieties to Ralstoniasolanacearum at different stages of growth and their tolerance to bacterial wilt under greenhouse conditions. In addition, the study was aimed at investigating the agronomic performance of selected tomato varieties in Maseno, Western part of Kenya. The study was Horticultural Products and services Div., WI, USA; and two commercially grown varieties 'Money maker' and 'Cal J', were grown in dystricnitisol sterilized soil medium in a 23 x 16 cm plastic pots; artificially inoculated at seedling stage (4 leaves), start of flowering and at 50% fruiting stage. A control experiment (non-inoculation at seedling, flowering and fruiting stage for each variety) was also included in the study. Disease incidence was scored on a scale of 0 (no symptoms) to 5 (death of the whole plant). The experiment comprised of three factors; six tomato varieties, two treatments (Inoculation and non-inoculation) and three stages of growth (seedling, flowering and fruiting stages) arranged in a 6 × 2 × 3 factorial in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Data was collected on days to flowering, days to fruiting, maturity period, plant height (cm), total yield, number of wilted plants, number of dead plants and response to BW. Data collected was subjected to Analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SAS Statistical package and effects declared Significant at 5% level. Means were separated using Duncan's Multiple Range Test at 0.05 Significance level. Linear correlation was done to compare the relationship between disease incidences at different stages of growth. The results obtained demonstrated variation between inoculated and non-inoculated varieties. Inoculated varieties took more number of days to flower, fruit, mature, and also produced less number of fruits with low weight (g) than in non-inoculated varieties due to the effects of BW. Goliath pear Hybrid took the shortest time to flower (42 days), fruit (59.17days) and mature (73.33 days) but produced the least number of fruits (146.67). Cal J and Money maker produced the highest number of fruits (209.67 and 191.17 respectively) but were susceptible to the pathogen. The results also showed that Heirloom Tall vine and Goliath pear Hybrid were tolerant to the disease with the lowest mean (2.00) of disease incidence. Fruiting stage had the highest mean (3.67) of disease incidence. There was a high positive correlation in disease incidence at different stages of growth. Goliath pear Hybrid was found to contain desirable characteristics such as; early maturing, large fruit size and was also tolerant to Bacterial wilt, hence a good candidate for Kenyan farmers.
Evaluation of 14 Tomato Genotypes for Yield and Root Knot Nematode Resistance Parameters
A study was conducted for two seasons to assess the mean performance of yield, yield contributing traits and root knot nematode resistance in 14 genotypes (CLN 2026C, CLN 2026E, CLN 1466J, CLN 1466S, CLN 1464A, PT 4671A, PT 4716A, CO 3, LE 812, Arka Ahuti, Hisar N 1 , Hisar N 2 , Patriot and SL 120) of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). PT 4716A, Hisar N 1 , SL 120, Patriot, Hisar N 2 and LE 812 showed superior yield and other yield-related characters but lower root weight. PT 4716A, LE 812, Hisar N 1 , Hisar N 2 , Patriot and SL 120 did not show any root knot nematode infestation. Total phenol and orthodihydroxy phenol content were highest in SL 120 and LE 812. This evaluation study showed that LE 812, CLN 2026C, CLN 2026E and CLN 1464A showed best yield and root knot nematode resistant characters.
Australasian Plant Pathology, 2018
Tomato yield losses are mainly caused due to bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) throughout the world. The disease management is mainly done through chemicals which lead to health risks. Among non-chemical strategies, development of resistant varieties can be a good alternative. The present study was conducted to screen the fifty seven different tomato genotypes against bacterial wilt using artificial inoculation technique under greenhouse conditions. The plants showing symptoms were examined using ooze test. Morphological and molecular characterization of the bacterial strains isolated from infected plants was carried out and bacterial phylotype I was determined using phylotype-specific multiplex PCR. The bacterial-infected tomato genotypes were categorized into highly resistant, resistant, moderately resistant, moderately susceptible, susceptible, highly susceptible and extremely susceptible lines. Seven tomato genotypes viz.RIL-118, Indam-1004, Arka Samrat, PKM-1, PED, EC-802390, and EC-816105 were found highly resistant to bacterial wilt. These genotypes were also evaluated for plant growth, yield and yield-related traits and fruit quality traits under field conditions. Maximum production (2533 g/plant) was observed for the genotype Arka Rakshak followed by EC816156 (2486 g/plant).while genotype EC815157 (200 g/plant) exhibited lowest production. In addition, fourteen bacterial wilt linked markers were validated for these genotypes where SCAR marker, SCU176-534 was found to be linked with the bacterial wilt resistance significantly. This study will be significant and useful in increasing tomato production and to develop new resistant tomato varieties through marker assisted breeding.
Journal of Plant Protection Research, 2019
Resistance genes in response to root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) infection suppress one or more of several critical steps in nematode parasitism and their reproduction rate. The reaction of seven commercial tomato genotypes to M. javanica infection was investigated under greenhouse conditions. Current results classified these genotypes as: three resistant (Jampakt, Malika and Nema Guard), one moderately resistant (Fayrouz), and three susceptible (Castle Rock, Super Marmande and Super Strain B). Except Nema Guard, nematode infection significantly reduced plant height, fresh and dry weights of shoots of the other tomato genotypes. Leaf area was significantly reduced for all examined tomato genotypes except Malika and Nema Guard. Total chlorophyll was reduced in all tested tomato genotypes except Jampakt. Infection parameters of M. javanica and their population were significantly reduced on all nematode-resistant tomato genotypes compared to the susceptible genotypes. Also, th...