MS 2023 5 Planting Methods Enhanced the Cane Yield and Input Use Efficiency in Sugarcane An Overview (original) (raw)
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Planting Methods Enhanced the Cane Yield and Input Use Efficiency in Sugarcane-An Overview
Review article, 2023
Planting method is the one of the important agronomic interventions for enhancing productivity and quality of sugarcane. Right technique could enhance not only the cane yield but also input use efficiency. Increased use of better technologies, such as planting techniques, is essential to maintaining the production and productivity of the sugar industry in an ethical way. Additionally, it is necessary to improve the efficiency of the inputs used in sugarcane farming, particularly the prudent utilization of water and site-specific nutrient management. Planting techniques in sugarcane play a significant role in determining the overall productivity and sustainability of sugarcane cultivation. Proper planting techniques ensure that the sugarcane crop establishes well and produces higher yields. New planting techniques must be made widely known to producers to make sugarcane cultivation a sustainable and lucrative sector that contributes to national food security. Therefore, the development and adoption of enhanced planting methods and its impact on cane productivity and input usage efficiency for sustainable sugarcane farming system are described in this review in order to maintain cane production and its sustainability towards national food security. This review aims to enlist the impact of different planting methods on sugarcane productivity and input use efficiency.
2021
Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is an important tropical crop around the world, involving in Indonesia, however low productivity is still problem for it. The study was aimed to investigate effect of different planting methods on improving cane growth-yield performances and their partial economic analysis. The study was conducted at Gedangdowo, Jepon, Blora District, Central Java, Indonesia from 2015-2017 at initial planting (IP) to sugarcane ratoon SR-1 and SR-2. Material used was qualified seeds of PS.862 variety. Three planting methods were tested: 1) double trench system (DTS) with 50 cm distance between trench and 135 cm distance between double trenches; 2) single trench system (STS) with 120 cm distance of canter to center (CTC) and 3) STS with 110 cm distance of CTC. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 6 replications. Results of the study revealed that DTS 50/135 was the most appropriate planting method inducing higher cane productivity up to...
Evaluation of Different Planting Technique in Ratoon Sugarcane under Semi-Arid Conditions
Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research, 2021
is a prominent member of the large family of grasses. Basically it is cultivated in tropics but its cultivation has been extended to subtropical regions between altitude 30 0 N and 35 0 S. In subtropical region of Pakistan, sugarcane is being grown successfully only under irrigated conditions. Sugarcane has a central role in country economy due to its cash crop in nature. It plays vital role in economic uplift of grower as well as country. It provides basic raw material for domestic Abstract | Effect of different planting patterns on the productivity of first ratoon of sugarcane genotype SPSG-394 was determined under field condition throughout the year 2017-18. Planting patterns under study comprised 100 cm spaced 30 cm wide single row ditches, 100 cm spaced 60 cm wide double row ditches, 100 cm spaced 90 cm wide triple row ditches, 100 cm spaced 100 x 100 cm, pits, 90 cm spaced single rows and 90 cm spaced double row strips. The quadruplicated experiment already laid out according to RCBD for the plant crop, used for this study. The sugarcane was sown on September 8 2015, and in late February, 2017 it was harvested. Consequent ratoon was the test crop. The latter was harvested on 16 th of February, 2018. Observation on different qualitative and quantitative traits of crop were recorded by using standard procedure. Highest number of millable cane m 2 (10.35) was recorded for sugarcane planted in 100 cm spaced and 90 cm wide triple against the lowest of 8.55 cane m 2 for that planted in 100 cm spaced and 30 cm wide single row ditches. The highest stripped cane yield was obtained from sugarcane planted in 100 cm spaced 60 cm wide double row ditches (75.03 t ha-1) while the lowest from that planted in 90 cm spaced single rows. Planting pattern did not significantly impact on sucrose % of cane juice that however range between 20.56 and 20.03%. The highest harvest index of 79.21% was recorded for sugarcane planted in 100cm spaced 30 cm wide single row ditches.
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2021
Application of diverse conventional and non-conventional approaches/ technologies for sugarcane improvement meet problems of complex genome, narrow genetic base of crop, genetic recombination, and poor fertility coupled with long breeding cycle. To sustain the production, productivity of sugar industry in rational manner, it is imperative to counsel sugarcane farmers for the selection of ideal varieties based on growth duration and maturity groups, planting crop season and kind of crop (plant/ratoon) to be taken. Recently, precise technological interventions viz. sub-soiling, mechanical weeding and wider row spacing (4m paired row trench planting), intercrop cultivation (wheat, cabbage, garlic, sarson, onion etc.), quality seed production through tissue culture and single bud chip nursery raising have augmented per unit area productivity of sugarcane crop. Besides, to enhance input use efficiency in sugarcane cultivation especially judicious use of water through micro irrigation techniques (subsurface drip and fertigation), site specific nutrient management etc., and integrated management pest and diseases have rewarded the growers and industry in terms of higher cane production and sugar yield. Therefore, in order to sustain cane crushing in sugar mills and its sustenance towards national food security, the development of new varieties capable of giving higher cane yield and sugar recovery along with field stability and good ratoon ability, adoption of suitable time and method of planting, promotion of intercropping, mechanization for planting, strengthening of seed production programme, water management, integrated nutrient management approach, integrated pest management and refinement of agro-techniques for sustainable sugarcane farming system are presented in this chapter. Therefore, for making sugarcane farming a sustainable and profitable enterprise towards national food security, the credit flow and its proper utilization have to be ensured through regulatory framework.
Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative (SSI): A Methodology of ‘More with Less’
Sugar Tech, 2012
Sugarcane is a significant crop in contributing to the country's economy and farmers' livelihood development. In India, sugar is a 550 billion rupees worth industry, supporting more than 50 million farmers. There is a growing demand for sugar in India. Hence, there will be more and more stress on the sugarcane ecosystem in future. But, the present scenario of cane cultivation is not sustainable enough to meet this demand as the input and labor costs are increasing and the national mean cane productivity (2007-10) is at 66.9 t ha-1 only. So, it is necessary to improve the cane productivity in a sustainable way with minimum usage of inputs through some alternate methods on the principles of ''more with less''. A research study with the objectives of developing a methodology for sustainable sugarcane productivity was carried out at International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics during 2008-11. As a result, a methodology was evolved encompassing six principle components, including improved bud chip method, under a concept called ''Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative (SSI)''. The evaluation trials conducted on the principle components revealed the optimum size and age of the bud chips (4-10 months old) and suitable media combination (cocopith ? sawdust) for raising better seedlings. SSI field trials resulted in about 20 % higher yields. The state governments are showing interest in covering larger areas under SSI. SSI method can revamp the sugarcane sector by its merits like ensuring of quality seed materials, increase in yield and income generating opportunities.
Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 2020
S ugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) belongs to family Gramineae which is spread by stalk portions (Khan et al., 2013). It is believed to be the most important cash and sugar crop of the country, Pakistan (Deho et al., 2002). The main by-products of sugar industry are molasses and bagasse. The area under sugarcane crop, during 2013-14, in Pakistan was 1,172.5 (000 ha), with a produce of 67,460.1 Abstract | This experiment was performed to find out the best sugarcane plantation source between trenched and fresh stocks, efficient method of setts placement, selection of paramount cane portions and the interaction of yield and yield components. The effect of planting sources (i.e. sugarcane fresh seed and the one obtained from stock buried underground), cane portions and setts placement methods on sugarcane yield attributing traits were examined at Sugar Crops Research Institute (SCRI), Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. The experiment was conducted in RCB Design with split plot arrangements, in 3 replications for two years (2012-14). Different planting material i.e., trenched (sugarcane buried in soil to avoid frost damage) and fresh cane (directly obtained after harvesting of standing crop) stalk segments i.e. upper, middle, lower and 33 % (having upper + middle + lower cane portions in uniform proportion of 33) each mixed portions of cane were allotted to the main plots, whereas sub plots were given to methods of setts placement (single, one and half, double and three setts (sugarcane stem portion with three buds) each 40 cm. Fertilizer was applied as N: 150 P 2 O 5 : 100 K 2 O: 100 at sowing and earthing up from Urea, DAP and SOP sources. Uniform management practices were performed. All traits showed significant (p≤ 0.05) differences for planting sources, cane portions and setts placement methods. Interaction of cane portions and setts placement methods were significant for emerged shoots, tillers, plant height and biological yield. Results revealed higher (p≤ 0.05) emerged shoots and tillers in canes planted from standing source (sugarcane standing crop) top portion with triple setts. This was also found that tallest plants with maximum biological yield were recorded in canes top portion with triple setts placement methods. Minimum results were observed for all the traits when bottom portion from trenched planting source was planted at single setts. Study suggests that planting fresh cane top portions with double and triple setts placement methods are better than trenched planting for cane yield and yield attributing traits.
Indian Journal of Agronomy, 2018
A field experiment was conducted during 2013•14, 2014•15 and 2015•16 at Pusa, Bihar, to evaluate planting options (conventional and trench method) and sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid complex) varieties (!BO 91", !BO 137", !BO 141", !BO 154" and !CoP 2061") for higher growth, yield and quality of sugarcane under waterlogged conditions. Significantly higher germination (33.2%), plant population (179,600/ha), plant height (294 cm), total dry-matter accumulation (28.9 t/ha) and leaf-area index (4.38) were observed with trench method of planting than conventional method of planting. However, significantly higher number of nodes having aerial roots (8.1) and cane lodging (48.5%) were observed with conventional method of planting. The maximum cane diameter (2.07 cm), millabe canes (107,600/ha), cane yield (78.1 t/ha), gross returns (199,100/ha), net returns (114,000/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.34) were obtained with trench method of planting, being higher by 13.7, 18.9, 19.2, 19.2, 22.8 and 7.2%, respectively, over that of furrow planting respectively. Similarly, trench planted canes exhibited significantly higher brix (19.1%), pol (16.93%), commercial cane sugar (11.72%) and sugar yield (9.2 t/ha) than that of conventional method. Among the varieties, !CoP 2061" showed better performance under waterlogged conditions with higher germination (37.8%), plant population (1,87,500/ha), plant height (296 cm), total dry matter accumulation (30.2 t/ha), LAI (4.60), cane diameter (2.06 cm) and millable canes (1,09,700/ha). Significantly higher cane yield (80.9 t/ha) and gross returns (2,06,300/ha) was obtained with the variety !CoP 2061" which was statistically comparable to !BO 137" (77.9 t/ha) and !BO 154" (74.1 t/ha). Similarly, higher net returns (126,700/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.59) were obtained with !CoP 2061". However, higher brix content (19.1%) was noticed with !BO 154". There were no significant varietal differences for pol and purity per cent juice. Thus, sugarcane should be planted with trench method and varieties !CoP 2061" and !BO 137" may be adopted to enhance productivity of sugarcane under waterlogged conditions.
3 Biotech
The idea of doubling the farmers' income in next 5 years has been slated by the Government of India. The specific target of increasing sugarcane farmers' income could be achieved by developing cost-effective technologies, transferring them from laboratory to land, educating the farmers and creating a linkage between all stakeholders. Consistent efforts shall be required to harness all possible sources for increasing farmer's income in and outside the agriculture sector with respect to improvement in sugarcane and sugar productivity, enhancement in resource use efficiency and adopting various other ways and means including intercropping, management of pests and diseases, use of biotechnological tools and minimizing post-harvest deterioration. The advances in sugarcane biotechnology could become remarkable in the coming years, both in terms of improving productivity as well as increasing the value and utility of this crop substantially. In future, genetically modified sugarcane varieties with increased resistance to different biotic and abiotic stresses would serve more towards sugarcane crop improvement. Any possibility of enhancement in the income of sugarcane farmers shall also be dependent upon the profitability and sustainability of the sugar industry. Integration of sugarcane production technologies for improvement in farm productivity, diversified sugarcane production system, reduced cost of cultivation along with increased processing plant efficiency and diversification to produce value added products shall ensure smooth and higher payment to the farmers. Development of low-cost technologies to convert "waste to resource" on a smaller scale shall also help the farmers to increase their income further. This paper focuses on possible measures to be taken up in each aspects of sugarcane cultivation including biotechnological approaches to achieve the goal of enhancing the income of sugarcane farmers substantially, particularly in the subtropical region of India.
Bud chip method of sugarcane planting: A review M Mohanty and PK Nayak
Sugarcane crop requires huge quantity of seed cane for planting under conventional method, which contributes a major share in cost of cultivation. Besides, large quantity of seed material poses a big challenge for transportation and handling. This problem can be effectively addressed through adoption of sustainable sugarcane initiative through planting of bud chips, which can save the cost and inconveniences associated with conventional planting methods. Several authors have reported advantages of planting single bud chips over conventional methods with respect to germination, crop establishment, growth and development of sugarcane crop. Sustainable sugarcane initiative technology favourably influenced various yield attributing factors such as plant stand, millable cane per clump and weight of single cane thereby resulting in higher yield. Some authors have also recorded higher brix value and higher juice weight at harvesting stage with planting of single chip bud seedlings of sugarcane. Compared with conventional method, economics of cultivation goes in favour of bud chip method of planting. Based on research findings by various workers, it can be said that planting of sugarcane by bud chip method is superior to planting by conventional methods. Introduction Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) occupies an important position among commercial crops grown in the world. This crop is efficient in utilizing solar energy for production of sugar and other renewable energy (Mohanty et al., 2015) [14]. Sugarcane cultivation is facing several challenges due to increasing cost of input and labor (Loganandhan et al., 2013) [11]. Under conventional method, planting material occupies a major chunk in cost involved in sugarcane cultivation. Depending on variety and method of growing, there is need for huge quantity of seed cane for planting of sugarcane. Requirement of huge quantity of seed material also poses a big challenge for transportation, handling and planting (Kumar, 2020) [10]. Srivastava et al. (1981) [24] also mentioned that a large quantity (6-8 t/ha) of 3-budded setts are required for sugarcane planting, which is nearly 22 to 25 % of the total cost of production. In order to reduce the overall cost of production and the drudgery involved in handling huge quantity of planting materials, there is strong need to develop suitable technology for sugarcane cultivation. To address this situation, many authors have suggested adoption of sustainable sugarcane initiative (SSI) with Bud Chip Technology, which can save large quantities of seed canes (Loganandhan et al., 2013; Parajuli et al., 2019) [11, 18]. Under farmers' field situation, Mishra (2019) [12] suggested use of axillary buds of sugarcane plant, generally known as bud chips, for reducing the volume of seed material and augmenting the quality of seed cane. In this method, a root primordium along with small volume of tissue adhering to the bud is used for regeneration of sugarcane plant. Bud chip method of sugarcane growing can save nearly 80% of the stalk material used for planting (Jain et al., 2010) [5, 6] that can be alternatively used for consumption purpose. Arthi et al. (2016) [1] opined that sustainable Sugarcane Initiative (SSI) is a new method, which can boost the productivity of sugarcane by utilizing less resource such as seed, water and space. Shanthy and Ramanjaneyulu (2014) [23] described Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative (SSI) as a combination of many viable technologies in order to enhance the yield of sugarcane. Sugarcane production under sustainable sugarcane initiative technique minimizes the requirement of seed & water and enables the crop for proper utilization of plant nutrients to obtain higher yield (Loganandhan et al., 2013; Naik et al,. 2015) [11, 16]. As per Parajuli et al. (2019) [18] , Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative aims at providing valuable solutions to the farmers for enhancement of productivity of land, water and human labour.