Gain Prediction Theory of Single Foil Gas Electron Multiplier Detector (original) (raw)
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Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2007
A Gas Electron Multiplier with Micro-Induction Gap Amplifying Structure (GEM-MIGAS) is formed when the induction gap of the GEM is set between 50 and 100 mm using kapton pillars spaced at regular intervals. This configuration combines the properties of a GEM and Micromegas, allowing operation in tandem to generate high charge gains. We measured the essential operational parameters of this system using argon-isobutane (IB) and helium-IB gas mixtures. The present short induction gap GEM was able to achieve effective gains exceeding 2 Â 10 4 using argon-IB and 10 5 using helium-IB mixtures. In view of the high gains achieved, particularly when using heliumbased gas mixtures, these studies confirmed the possibility of using the present system for high-performance sub-keV X-ray detection. r
To cite this article: Rittirong, A. & Saenboonruang, K. (2018). Gains, uniformity and signal sharing in XY readouts of the 10 cm × 10 cm gas electron multiplier (GEM) detector. ABSTRACT: The gas electron multiplier (GEM) detector is a promising particle and radiation detector which has been greatly improved from previous gas detectors. In particular, the 10 cm × 10 cm GEM detector is utilised in applications including high-resolution tracking devices in nuclear and particle physics. With its operational and design simplicity, while still maintaining high quality, the GEM detector is suitable for both start-up and advanced research. This article reports simple procedures and results of an investigation of important properties of this detector, using current measurement and signal counting. Results show that gains of the GEM detector increase exponentially as voltages supplied to the detector increase and that the detector reaches full efficiency when the voltages are greater than −4100 V. In terms of signal sharing between X and Y strips of the read-out, the X strips, on the top layer of the read-out, collect larger signals. For the uniformity test, the GEM detector has slightly higher efficiencies at the centre of the detector. These results can be used for future reference and for better understanding of the GEM detector's characteristics.
Low X-Ray Energy Fluorescence Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) for XAS Studies
IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 2007
X-ray absorption spectroscopy at sub-keV energies dictates the use of detectors that can attain a good signal-to-noise ratio. We report a recent study undertaken at Science and Technology Facilities Council, Daresbury Laboratory to evaluate the performance of a Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) for this purpose. The main impetus of this study was to investigate the relevant parameters such as the effective gain and energy resolution in the X-ray energy range of 270-930 eV. This study demonstrated that a single stage GEM can sustain effective gains up to 60 000 in a helium-isobutane counter gas mixture at atmospheric pressure. Consequently, high signal-to-noise ratios were achieved (electronic noise 500 electrons r.m.s) thereby permitting adequate X-ray energy resolution.
Development and applications of the gas electron multiplier
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2001
The Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) has been recently developed to cope with the severe requirements of high luminosity particle physics experimentation. With excellent position accuracy and very high rate capability, GEM devices are robust and easy to manufacture. The possibility of cascading two or more multipliers permits to achieve larger gains and more stable operation. We discuss major performances of the new detectors, particularly in view of possible use for high rate portal imaging and medical diagnostics.
Measurement of basic characteristics and gain uniformity of a triple GEM detector
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
Large area Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detectors have been the preferred choice for tracking devices in major nuclear and particle physics experiments. Uniformity over surface of the detector in terms of gain, energy resolution and efficiency is crucial for the optimum performance of these detectors. In the present work, detailed performance study of a 10×10 cm 2 triple GEM detector operated using Ar and CO 2 gas mixtures in proportions of 70:30 and 90:10, has been made by making a voltage scan of the efficiency with 106 Ru-Rh β-source and cosmic rays. The gain and energy resolution of the detector were studied using the X-ray spectrum of 55 Fe source. The uniformity of the detector has been investigated by dividing the detector in 7×7 zones and measuring the gain and energy resolution at the center of each zone. The variations of the gain and energy resolution have been found to be 8.8% and 6.7%, respectively. These studies are essential to characterise GEM detectors before their final use in the experiments.
The current status of the Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) research at Kasetsart University, Thailand
During the past decade, Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detectors have been greatly developed and utilized in numbers of applications including advanced nuclear and particle researches, medical imaging, astrophysics, and neutron detection for national security. Our GEM research group at the Department of Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Thailand, realized in its excellent properties/potentials and started extensive researches on GEM detectors. To build a strong foundation on our research group, two 10 cm × 10 cm triple GEM detectors were characterized on their important properties including absolute gains and detection uniformity. Moreover, to widen applications of the GEM detector, our group had modified the GEM detector by introducing either solid or gaseous neutron converters to the detector so that the detector could effectively detect neutrons. These modifications included coating a thin film of 10 B and nat B to the GEM drift cathode for thermal neutron detection and flowing a gas mixture of He/CO2 (80:20 and 70:30) and C4H10/He/CO2 (7:70:23) for fast neutron detection. Results showed that the modified GEMbased neutron detector could detect both types of neutrons with different relative efficiencies and gains depending on thicknesses and types of neutron converters. This article discusses basic knowledge of the GEM detector, construction and testing procedures, results, and discussion.
Short induction gap gas electron multiplier (GEM) for X-ray spectroscopy
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2007
Experimental work was carried out to evaluate the performance of a Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) operated with a micromesh readout plane that enabled the induction gap to be set at 50 mm. We measured the essential operational parameters of this system using Ar(75%)-isobutane (25%) as the counter gas mixture. The measurements included the effective gain, effective gain stability, and the X-ray energy resolution using a 5.89 keV X-ray source. These studies demonstrated several advantages of the current system when compared with the standard operation, such as lower operational voltages, higher effective gains and improved effective gain stability. r
Construction of a Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) Detector for Medical Imaging
arXiv (Cornell University), 2013
A prototype Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detector is under construction for medical imaging purposes. A single thick GEM of size 10x10 cm^2 is assembled inside a square shaped air-tight box which is made of Perspex glass. In order to ionize gas inside the drift field two types of voltage supplier circuits were fabricated, and array of 2x4 pads of each size 4x8 mm^2 were utilized for collecting avalanche charges. Preliminary testing results show that the circuit which produces high voltage and low current is better than that of low voltage and high current supplier circuit in terms of x-ray signal counting rates.
Optimisation of the Gas Electron Multiplier for high rate application
2001
The construction and performance of large size GEM~detectors for the COMPASS~experiment is described. Based on the experience gained during the operation of these detectors in high rate muon, proton, and pion beams we discuss the suitability of their use in harsh radiation environments.
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