Spectrophotometric Determination of Ampicillin with Sulfanilic Acid by Oxidative Coupling Reaction (original) (raw)
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Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 1998
A simple spectrophotometric method is used for the resolution of the binary mixtures of ampicillin sodium and sulbactam sodium. In aqueous solution, zero-order spectra are subject to interference, so first-derivative spectrophotometry was used to enhance the spectral details allowing the determination of ampicillin sodium from the signal at the zero-crossing point for sulbactam sodium at 268 nm. In 0.1 N sodium hydroxide, sulbactam sodium was determined from the absorbance at 260 nm with negligible contribution from ampicillin sodium. Also, sulbactam sodium was determined without interference using first- and second-derivative spectra in 0.1 N sodium hydroxide at 276 nm (peak-height) and 262–284 nm (peak-to-peak), respectively. The method is rapid, simple, does not require a separation step and allows the determination of each drug without interference from the other. The proposed method has been applied successfully to the assay of these drugs in mixtures and in commercial injections.
Spectrophotometric determination of ampicillin and amoxicillin
A simple, accurate and sensitive spectrophotometric method is described for the determination of ampicillin and amoxicillin in pure forms and in pharmaceutical formulations. The method is based on the reaction of these drugs in aqueous solution with tetracyanoethylene reagent in the presence of sodium hydroxide to produce a yellow coloured species measurable at λmax 322 and 325nm for ampicillin and amoxicillin respectively. The method has been used for the determination of 1.0-40 µg/ml for both drugs. The complexes have apparent molar absorptivities of 7.545×103 and 9.915×103 L.mol-1.cm-1 and Sandell sensitivities of 0.0532 and 0.042 µg.cm-2 for above drugs respectively. Also, it was found that these products were formed in ratio of 1:1 species with stability constants of 7.96104 and 3.91104L/mol for ampicillin and amoxicillin respectively. The method was applied successfully to the assay of ampicillin and amoxicillin in their pharmaceutical formulations and was agreed well with its certified value and with the standard addition procedure.
International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research, 2015
Simple, fast and reliable spectrophotometric methods were developed for determination of Ampicillin Trihydrate in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The solutions of standard and the sample were prepared in Methanol. The quantitative determination of the drug was carried out using the second order Derivative Area under Curve method values measured at 224-231nm. Calibration graphs constructed at their wavelengths of determination were linear in the concentration range of Ampicillin Trihydrate using 5-25μg/ml (r²=0.997) for first order Derivative Area under Curve spectrophotometric method. The proposed methods have been extensively validated as per ICH guidelines. There was no significant difference between the performance of the proposed methods regarding the mean values and standard deviations. The developed methods were successfully applied to estimate the amount of Ampicillin Trihydrate in pharmaceutical formulations.
2011
The spectrophotometric and microbiological assay methods used for the determination of ampicillin levels in ampicillin/cloxacillin combinations were compared. A total of 24 samples of ampicillin/cloxacillin suspensions from 8 batches and 3 companies (B2, D and E) were assayed for their ampicillin content levels using the Spectrophotometric assay method. Infra-red (IR) Spectroscopy confirmed the presence of ampicillin in all the samples and the results obtained showed that the samples had a wide range of amounts of ampicillin which compared favourably with the microbiological assay results of the same prod ucts. All the products assayed had ampicillin content within acceptable ranges of the BP and USP. Spectrophotometric assay is recommended for the quick determination of the levels of ampicillin in their combinations with cloxacillin.
Development and Validation of Simultaneous Estimation of Sulbactum and Ampicillin (Sultamicillin)
2015
Two new, simple, sensitive and economical UV spectrophotometric methods were developed for the simultaneous analysis of Sulbactum and Ampicillin in bulk and in pharmaceutical formulations (SULTAMICILLIN). Analytic method development and validation are continuous and interconnected activities conducted throughout the drug development process. The practice of validation verifies that a given method measures a parameter as intended and establishes the performance limits of the measurement. Although apparently contradictory, validated methods produce results within known uncertainties. These results are crucial to continuing drug development, as they define the emerging knowledge base supporting the product. The time and effort that are put into developing scientifically-sound, robust, and transferrable analytic methods should be aligned with the drug development stage. The re-sources that are expended on method validation must be constantly balanced with regulatory requirements and the...
International Journal of ChemTech Research, 2015
Abstract: Three simple and sensitive methods for the determination of Ampicillin are described. The first method is based on investigation of the oxidation reaction of the drug with alkaline potassium dichromate for a fixed time of 70 min., where sodium hydroxide used as an alkaline media. The absorbance of the colored dichromate ions is measured at 369 nm. The second method is based on the oxidation reaction of Ampicillin with acidic potassium dichromate. Spectrophotometric measurement was achieved by recording the absorbance at 340 nm for a fixed time of 70 min., where sulfuric acid used as an acidic media. The third method is based on the oxidation reaction of Ampicillin with alkaline hydrogen peroxide; the absorbance is measured at 302nm for a fixed time of 70 min., all procedures were achieved at room temperature. All variables that affecting the procedures were investigated and the conditions were optimized. Calibration graphs were constructed; mean and standard deviation were calculated.
Journal of chromatographic science, 2017
Two accurate, precise and sensitive high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods were developed for assay of ampicillin (AMP) and dicloxacillin (DX) in the presence of their impurity, 6-aminopenicillanic acid (APA). Method (A) is HPTLC method; using silica gel HPTLC F254 plates as a stationary phase with methanol: chloroform: acetic acid (1:9: 0.2, by volume) as a developing system. All the bands were scanned at 220 nm. Method (B) is reversed phase- HPLC which depended on isocratic elution using C18 column and mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile: water (60:40, v/v), pH adjusted to 4 with orthophosphoric acid, at a flow rate of 1 mL min-1 and ultraviolet detection at 240 nm. The proposed methods were validated as per ICH guidelines and their linearity was evident in the ranges of 0.5-2 μg band-1, 0.4-2 μg band-1 and 0.2-1.2 μg band-1 for method (A) and 5-40 μg mL-1, 5-40 μg mL-1 and 2-16 μg mL-1 for method (B) for AM...
Arabian Journal of …, 2012
Simple and selective extractive spectrophotometric methods for the determination of quetiapine hemifumarate (QF) were developed and validated. The methods were based on the formation of yellow ion-pair complexes between QF and acidic dyes namely bromcresol purple (BCP) and bromcresol green (BCG) at room temperature in phosphate buffer (pH 3.0). The formed complexes were extracted with chloroform and the absorbances were measured at 406.5 nm for BCP and at 416 nm for BCG complexes. The compositions of the ion-pairs were found as 1:1 by mole-ratio method. The reaction conditions such as concentration, pH, color formation time, temperature and chromogen stability were optimized. Good linear relationship was obtained between the absorbance and the concentration of QF in the range of 0.5 -20 Hg/mL for both BCP and BCG (r > 0.9974). LOD values were found as 0.12 and 0.16 \ig/mLfor BCP and BCG complexes, respectively. Intra-day precisions were found less than 1 % in the methods. The developed methods were applied successfully to the determination of QF in tablets marketed in Turkey.