Impact of Different Bacterial Strains on the Production, Composition, and Properties of Novel Polyhydroxyalkanoates Using Crude Palm Oil as Substrate (original) (raw)
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Polymers
The bacterial strain isolated from soil was identified as Cupriavidus necator IBP/SFU-1 and investigated as a PHA producer. The strain was found to be able to grow and synthesize PHAs under autotrophic conditions and showed a broad organotrophic potential towards different carbon sources: sugars, glycerol, fatty acids, and plant oils. The highest cell concentrations (7–8 g/L) and PHA contents were produced from oleic acid (78%), fructose, glucose, and palm oil (over 80%). The type of the carbon source influenced the PHA chemical composition and properties: when grown on oleic acid, the strain synthesized the P(3HB-co-3HV) copolymer; on plant oils, the P(3HB-co-3HV-co-3HHx) terpolymer, and on the other substrates, the P(3HB) homopolymer. The type of the carbon source influenced molecular-weight properties of PHAs: P(3HB) synthesized under autotrophic growth conditions, from CO2, had the highest number-average (290 ± 15 kDa) and weight-average (850 ± 25 kDa) molecular weights and the ...
Prospect and Sustainable Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoate from Palm Oil
Increased and diversified socioeconomic activities of humankind in recent years have led to rapid consumption of natural resources. Synthetic plastics which are derived from finite resource have become an integral part of our lives. The ability to manipulate their structure and chemical composition has resulted in boundless applications of plastic materials. The usage of synthetic plastics is proportionally increasing with growing human population. This in turn has resulted in mounting wastes accumulation in our environment, which is often associated with global warming and destruction of ecosystems. Therefore, current trend in technology is geared towards the development of sustainable and environment-friendly processes and products. This includes the pre-production and post-consumption of products which exert negligible negative effects on the environment. Many developed countries have started to consider replacing synthetic plastics with environment-friendly and biodegradable polymeric materials such as polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA). PHA has been receiving much attention because this material shares many similarities to synthetic plastics in terms of product performance and processability. Unlike synthetic plastics, the life cycle of PHA-based products is sustainable since it is primarily produced from renewable resources and is readily assimilated by microbial consortia upon disposal into the environment. PHA is generally produced by bacterial fermentation using various carbon feedstocks. Various fermentation strategies have been developed to increase the commercial viability of PHA as an alternative to some common plastics. Oil-based substrates such as palm oil products have generated interest lately due to its suitability for high yield PHA production. Selection of ideal carbon sources for the production of PHA is very much dependent on material costs and availability. The development and commercialization of palm oil agro-industry in Malaysia has made palm oil products readily available to be utilized as carbon feedstock for PHA production. In par with this, research on PHA production from bacterial fermentation using palm oil products is currently underway. This chapter will discuss current development of various PHA materials from palm oil products.
Biosynthesis of medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates (mcl-PHAs) from palm oil
2020
Medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates (mcl-PHAs) are biopolyesters, derived from renewable biomass resources such as palm oil. These PHAs can be converted to added value products such as biopolymers, potentially increasing the economical worth of crude palm oil. Batch experiments were set up in an orbital shaker incubator at 30°C to explore the feasibility of PHAs biosynthesized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa TISTR 1287 from palm oil. P aeruginosa was cultured under varied palm oil concentrations (0.50 to 2.00% w v-1) and initial pH 7. The concentrations of palm oil and cultivation time influenced the growth of P. aeruginosa and intracellular accumulation of PHAs. Maximum cell dry weight of 2.33 g L-1 was obtained at 0.50% w v-1 palm oil after at 44-hr cultivation. The maximum PHAs concentration of 0.65 g L-1 and content was 38.02% at 0.75% w v-1 palm oil after 72-hr cultivation. FTIR and GC-MS spectra indicated the biopolyesters are mcl-PHAs with heterogenous types of monomers. The ...
Industrial Crops and Products, 2015
The potential of crude glycerol (CG) from different origins as carbon sources in the production of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) copolymer using Cupriavidus necator IPT 027 and Burkholderia cepacia IPT 438 was investigated in this study. Different variables were kept constant during the subsequent microbial growth and PHA production. A maximum cell accumulation of 71.07% (w/v) was obtained when C. necator IPT 027 was cultivated with CG II (originated from the processing of biodiesel from residual fats and oils). The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses revealed novel PHA-constituents as building blocks of medium chains (3HTD) and long (15HPD and 11HHD) chains. Analyses of molar mass distribution revealed weight average molar masses (M w ) in the range of 552-8240 kDa and polydispersity indexes (PDIs) in the range of 1.6-2.2. The melting temperature ranged between 139.8 and 175.9 • C. The crystallinity was verified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) (35.92-66.07%) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) (33.30-57.80%). High decomposition temperatures (291.6-348.9 • C) were also observed. All PHAs presented Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra that were similar to the FTIR spectra reported in the literature. The results obtained from this study indicate that C. necator IPT 027 and B. cepacia IPT 438 cultivated from different by-products from the biodiesel industry were capable of producing PHA copolymers that are suitable for industrial applications.
Synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoate from palm oil and some new applications
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2011
Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a potential substitute for some petrochemical-based plastics. This biodegradable plastic is derived from microbial fermentation using various carbon substrates. Since carbon source has been identified as one of the major cost-absorbing factors in PHA production, cheap and renewable substrates are currently being investigated as substitutes for existing sugar-based feedstock. Plant oils have been found to result in high-yield PHA production. Malaysia, being the world's second largest producer of palm oil, is able to ensure continuous supply of palm oil products for sustainable PHA production. The biosynthesis and characterization of various types of PHA using palm oil products have been described in detail in this review. Besides, by-products and waste stream from palm oil industry have also demonstrated promising results as carbon sources for PHA biosynthesis. Some new applications in cosmetic and wastewater treatment show the diversity of PHA usage. With proper management practices and efficient milling processes, it may be possible to supply enough palm oil-based raw materials for human consumption and other biotechnological applications such as production of PHA in a sustainable manner.
Production of poly-hydroxyalkanoate as secondary metabolite with main focus on sustainable energy
A B S T R A C T Poly-hydroxyalkanoate was introduced as a bio-based polymer in many countries many years ago, owing to its biocompatibility and degradation value in the nature. The importance of PHA production of plants and microorganisms is due to its biodegradability and biocompatibility of its structure and materials, which because of this property they will return to the nature and will be replaced with petrochemical plastics. These products were identified as environmentally friendly products in the 21-century. The great potential of PHA as a renewable product, to be produced from industrial waste oils. However, by producing PHA, the environment will be clear of pollutants by using the waste products of factories at first and secondly by circulating the biopolymers to the nature. In the current review, we have focused on PHA production from dairy residues, soybean oil and saponified waste palm oil and some microorganisms such as Pseudomonas, Delftia, Halomonas and E. coli. Amongst different varieties of bacteria Pseudomonas has the highest ability to produce PHA. The global shares of PHA generation in various market segments in 2013 and 2020 shows that capacity production will increase until 2020 and the most production of PHA will be in Asia due to their superior accessibility to feedstock and promising political frame.
Catalysts, 2022
Polyhydroxyalkanoates, or PHAs, belong to a class of biopolyesters where the biodegradable PHA polymer is accumulated by microorganisms as intracellular granules known as carbonosomes. Microorganisms can accumulate PHA using a wide variety of substrates under specific inorganic nutrient limiting conditions, with many of the carbon-containing substrates coming from waste or low-value sources. PHAs are universally thermoplastic, with PHB and PHB copolymers having similar characteristics to conventional fossil-based polymers such as polypropylene. PHA properties are dependent on the composition of its monomers, meaning PHAs can have a diverse range of properties and, thus, functionalities within this biopolyester family. This diversity in functionality results in a wide array of applications in sectors such as food-packaging and biomedical industries. In order for PHAs to compete with the conventional plastic industry in terms of applications and economics, the scale of PHA production ...
PLOS ONE, 2012
The biosynthesis and characterization of medium chain length poly-3-hydroxyalkanoates (mcl-PHA) produced by Pseudomonas putida Bet001 isolated from palm oil mill effluent was studied. The biosynthesis of mcl-PHA in this newly isolated microorganism follows a growth-associated trend. Mcl-PHA accumulation ranging from 49.7 to 68.9% on cell dry weight (CDW) basis were observed when fatty acids ranging from octanoic acid (C 8:0 ) to oleic acid (C 18:1 ) were used as sole carbon and energy source. Molecular weight of the polymer was found to be ranging from 55.7 to 77.7 kDa. Depending on the type of fatty acid used, the 1 H NMR and GCMSMS analyses of the chiral polymer showed a composition of even and odd carbon atom chain with monomer length of C4 to C14 with C8 and C10 as the principal monomers. No unsaturated monomer was detected. Thermo-chemical analyses showed the accumulated PHA to be semi-crystalline polymer with good thermal stability, having a thermal degradation temperature (T d ) of 264.6 to 318.8 (60.2) o C, melting temperature (T m ) of 43. (60.2) o C, glass transition temperature (T g ) of 21.0 (60.2) o C and apparent melting enthalpy of fusion (DH f ) of 100.9 (60.1) J g 21 .
Environmental biotechnology has the intention of increasing sustainability of production processes by employing biological systems and thereby benefiting the environment. Microorganisms are a biological system which is generally used for the reduction of pollution from air, aquatic or terrestrial systems. Edible oil and fats are utilized by microorganisms and produces new product such as lipase and biodiesel was investigated. In present study the microorganisms utilizing edible oil as carbon source were isolated and investigation of their characteristics towards the production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), which is now a days well known as Biodegradable polymer. Sixteen bacterial colonies were isolated, screened by providing various edible oils as carbon source and preserved using glycerol. The microorganism then stained for PHA with Sudan Black B stain. We have found that nine out of sixteen strains exhibited PHA producing ability. The organisms were identified through several bi...
Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates from Renewable Sources Using Bacteria
Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 2018
Plastics play a very important role in our daily life. They are used for various purposes. But the disposal of these petrochemical-derived plastics causes a risk to the human and marine population, wildlife and environment. Also, due to the eventual depletion of petrochemical sources, there is a need for the development of alternate sources for the production of plastics. Biodegradable polymers produced by microorganisms can be used as substitutes for conventional plastics derived from petrochemical sources since they have similarity in their properties. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is one such biopolymer that will be accumulated inside the cells of microorganisms as granules for energy storage under limiting conditions of nutrients and high concentration of carbon. Research on the microbial production of PHA should focus on the identification of costeffective substrates and also identification of a suitable strain of organism for production. The major focus of this review is the production of PHA from various cost-effective substrates using different bacterial species. The review also covers the biosynthetic pathway of PHA, extraction method, characterization technique, and applications of PHA in various sectors.