Recognition of facial expression of fetuses by artificial intelligence (AI) (original) (raw)

Objectives The development of the artificial intelligence (AI) classifier to recognize fetal facial expressions that are considered as being related to the brain development of fetuses as a retrospective, non-interventional pilot study. Methods Images of fetal faces with sonography obtained from outpatient pregnant women with a singleton fetus were enrolled in routine conventional practice from 19 to 38 weeks of gestation from January 1, 2020, to September 30, 2020, with completely de-identified data. The images were classified into seven categories, such as eye blinking, mouthing, face without any expression, scowling, smiling, tongue expulsion, and yawning. The category in which the number of fetuses was less than 10 was eliminated before preparation. Next, we created a deep learning AI classifier with the data. Statistical values such as accuracy for the test dataset and the AI confidence score profiles for each category per image for all data were obtained. Results The number of...