Antibiotics in Respiratory Tract Infections in Hospital Pediatric Emergency Departments (original) (raw)
Related papers
Antibióticos en las infecciones respiratorias en urgencias pediátricas hospitalarias
Archivos de Bronconeumología, 2014
Background: Respiratory tract infections are one of the most frequent problems in pediatric clinics and generate an elevated prescription of antibiotics. The aim of this study was to find out the standard of care practice about antibiotic use in these infections in a pediatric emergency department and to evaluate compliance with clinical guidelines. Methods: A pediatric emergency department database was reviewed from July 2005 to October 2007 under the category "respiratory infection", including variables such as age, antibiotic prescription and compliance with current clinical recommendations. Results: Out of the 23 114 reviewed reports, 32.7% (7567) were upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) (cold, acute otitis media [AOM], sinusitis and tonsillopharyngitis) or lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) (laryngitis, bronchitis, bronchiolitis and pneumonia). Children under the age of 2 were the most represented age group. Amongst URTI, rhinopharyngitis was the most frequent infection, while bronchitis was the most frequent among LRTI. Antibiotic therapy (mainly amoxicillin) was prescribed in 30.8% of URTI (5.7% rhinopharyngitis, 96.5% AOM, and 36.7% tonsillopharyngitis) and in 12.4% of LRTI. Conclusions: The percentage of respiratory tract infections was similar to previous studies and the antibiotic prescriptions followed current guidelines, except for cases diagnosed with AOM. Prescription compliance and clinical course of the cases should be monitored.
Antibiotic Prescribing by Pediatricians for Respiratory Tract Infection in Children
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 1999
To examine antimicrobial prescribing rates for viral respiratory tract infections by primary care pediatricians in the greater Toronto area, charts were reviewed for the week of 17-21 February 1997 at 61 pediatricians' offices. Antibiotics were considered appropriate if the diagnosis was compatible with bacterial infection. A total of 3,585 patient visits were reviewed. The common cold was the most common respiratory tract syndrome leading to an office visit . The overall rate of appropriate antibiotic prescribing was 89.5%. There was no significant difference in prescribing when physicians were compared by year of graduation from medical school, sex, or location of training. Diagnostic codes (ICD-9 [International Classification of Diseases, 9th edition] codes) did not match the chart diagnosis in 41% of cases. Toronto primary care pediatricians appear to have a lower rate of inappropriate antibiotic prescribing than do primary care physicians in other regions of Canada and the United States.
Monitoring of Antibiotic in Children used for Acute Respiratory tract Infection
International Journal of Allied Medical Sciences and Clinical Research, 2021
Background Respiratory tract infections are among the most frequently encountered clinical conditions and are one of the most common reasons for pediatric consultations in primary healthcare. The aim of the present study was to study the prescribing pattern of antibiotics in children with acute respiratory tract infections Methods A prospective observational study was conducted in pediatric department in a tertiary care teaching hospital for a period of 6 months. All the patients who were prescribed with any of anti study and reviewed. Results Among the 78 patients recruited for the study, 35 children were diagnosed with bronchopneumonia. In our study, 98.71% were prescribed with antibiotics; out of which, the most commonly pr cefotaxime (39.7%) and i.v. ceftriaxone (39.7%). The most commonly prescribed antibiotic in bronchitis, URTI, bronchiolitis plus aspiration pneumonia was cefotaxime. In bronchiolitis and bronchopneumonia, the commonly prescribed antibiotic was ceftriaxone.
Background: Antibiotics are the most frequently prescribed drugs in paediatrics. However, the threat of antibiotic resistance among children is a reason for apprehension. The frequent use of antimicrobial drugs, primarily antibiotics has become a predictable practice for the treatment of paediatric infections. Methods: A study of the prescription patterns of antibiotics in respiratory tract infections was carried out on children admitted to a paediatric ward of tertiary care hospital for a period of 8 months, using a prepared structured questionnaire/proforma. Accuracy of doses was assessed by the guidelines of Indian Academy of Paediatrics. Results: The total number of cases collected in the ward in a period of 8 months was 80, out of which there were 51 male child (63.5%) and 29 female child (36.5%) treated with antibiotics for respiratory tract infections. Most of the children were admitted with the symptoms of cold (98.75%) n=79 and fever (86.25%) n=69. Amoxicillin and gentamicin was the most common drug prescribed. Conclusion: Inaccurate dose of antibiotics were seen in the prescription, which may lead to resistance. In order to reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance of bacteria, appropriate usage of antibiotics should be carefully instituted and implemented.
Clinical Medicine Insights: Pediatrics
Objectives: Broad-spectrum antibiotics are frequently prescribed for children with upper respiratory tract infections (URI). Excessive use of broad-spectrum antibiotics leads to the emergence of resistant bacteria. This study aimed to identify factors associated with prescribing broad-spectrum antibiotics among children younger than 18 years presenting with URI in outpatient settings. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey-Outpatient Departments (NHAMCS-OPD) between 2006 and 2010. Descriptive statistics of visits from children with URI were estimated. Simple and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to identify socio-demographic and clinical characteristics associated with broad-spectrum antibiotic prescribing. We also completed a stratified analysis by age (⩽2 vs >2). Results: A total of 4013 outpatient visits for children with URI from both NAMCS a...
2005
To evaluate the impact of an educational intervention on judicious antibiotic prescription for upper respiratory diseases in children. Methods: A multicentre before-and-after study was conducted in five major community child healthcentres in Israel. Antibiotic prescription data were collected for all visits of patients aged 3 months to 18 years with a diagnosis of acute otitis media, tonsillopharyngitis, sinusitis or upper respiratory tract infection from November 1999 through February 2000 (pre-intervention period) and from November 2000 through February 2001 (post-intervention period). The intervention consisted of a 1 day seminar on the diagnosis and judicious treatment of respiratory tract infections in children according to the recommendations of the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention. The patient files were reviewed for patient characteristics, specific respiratory disease, and specific antibiotics prescribed. The main outcome measures were the rates and appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing for the different respiratory diseases before and after an educational intervention for practising paediatricians. Results: A total of 4580 clinic visits were eligible for analysis in the pre-intervention period and 4364 in the post-intervention period. From the pre-to the post-intervention period, the odds ratio for appropriate antibiotic treatment was 1.8 for acute otitis media (95% CI 1.52-2.11, P < 0.01) and 1.35 for pharyngitis (95% CI 1.13-1.61, P < 0.01). Overall, use of antibiotics for acute otitis media decreased from 93% to 87.4% (P < 0.05), and for upper respiratory tract infection, from 13.8% to 11.5% (P < 0.05). There were no significant changes in these factors for sinusitis. Conclusions: A targeted educational intervention can improve antibiotic prescription practices for respiratory infections in children and decrease unnecessary antibiotic use. Such studies can also pinpoint areas that require further attention.
Salud Pública de México, 2003
Objective. To assess antibiotic use for upper respiratory infections (URI) treatment on patients under 16 years-old who are beneficiaries of a prepaid health care scheme. Material and Methods. A database containing the record of all the medical prescriptions for URI treatment, from May 1997 to April 1998 was analyzed. Patients were under 16 years old and had been diagnosed with common colds, pharyngitis, bronchitis, sinusitis, otitis, and other unspecified upper respiratory tract infections. Three hundred and fiftyone physicians of seven different specialties who attended 25 300 beneficiaries wrote such prescriptions. Results. A total of 30 889 assorted medications were prescribed to 5 533 patients with the above diagnoses. Antibiotics were prescribed for 77.5% of all diagnoses, ranging from 58% for pharyngitis to 91% for laryngitis. The most frequently used antibiotics were: penicillin, cephalosporins, and macrolides. Conclusions. This study presents the information of antibiotics prescription practices for URI in a prepaid health plan in Mexico. These findings may be used to support specific campaigns for rational use of antibiotics among children attended at private ambulatory health care practices.
Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 2020
Background: Antibiotic drug overuse and inappropriate antibiotic drug selection are associated with increased drug resistance among respiratory pathogens (most notably, Streptococcus pneumoniae), possible progression to chronic disease, and increased treatment costs.[1] The selection of an antibiotic for prophylaxis should be based on known or likely target pathogens, for a short duration of time. Objective: To evaluate Rational use of antibiotics in Paediatric patients suffering from Respiratory tract infections. Method: It was Prospective, observational study conducted by random selection of patients. Based on diagnosis, the study population was categorized into 2 groups: Upper respiratory tract infections and Lower respiratory tract infections. The study population was interviewed after obtaining written informed consent for information like demographics, diagnosis, treatment and antibiotics prescribed. Results and Discussion: In our study population, it was observed that male...
Innovative Publication, 2016
Introduction: Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is the largest cause of morbidity across the world in children under five years of age. Antibiotics are the most commonly prescribed medications for Lower respiratory tract infection [LRTI]. Rational use of antibiotic is very necessary to avoid resistance. Objective: To evaluate the pattern of antibiotic use among children under 5yrs of age. Methods: A hospital based, non-interventional, prospective, observational study was carried out between April 2014 to September 2014 in the department of Pediatrics in collaboration with pharmacology department, Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital, a tertiary care hospital, Bangalore. The demographic data, diagnosis, type of drug, dosage duration of treatment and hospital stay was collected from inpatients admitted to pediatric ward over a period of 6 months. The descriptive analysis was done and was presented as mean and percentage. Results: A total of 250 in patient case records of children with LRTI were analyzed. In this study less than 1 year children constituted highest percentage (59.2%).56.8%were males and 43.2% were females. A total of 1045 drugs were prescribed in 250 prescriptions (4.18 drugs/ prescription). Brochiolitis (41.6%) was the most common diagnosis followed by Bronchopneumonia(33.6%). 32.77% of patients receive one antibiotic, 39.49% received 2 antibiotics and 27.73% of patients received 3 antibiotics. Most commonly prescribed antibiotic was Amoxcillin+clavulanic acid(58%), followed by Amikacin(57%) and Ceftriaxone(53%). Conclusion: It is evident from the present study that antibiotics were most commonly prescribed for LRTI. Bronchiolitis is most often associated with a viral etiology and use of unnecessary antibiotics for viral LRTI will lead to increased threat of antibiotic resistance.