Significance of arsenic and lead in Hashimoto's thyroiditis demonstrated on thyroid tissue, blood, and urine samples (original) (raw)
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Trace Element Levels in Hashimoto Thyroiditis Patients with Subclinical Hypothyroidism
Biological Trace Element Research, 2008
The present study was conducted to evaluate the serum copper, zinc, magnesium, and selenium levels in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism in the iodine-rich region of Ankara, Turkey. The effects of hormone replacement therapy on these elements were also studied in these patients. Basal levels of selenium and iron in patients were significantly lower than control group (67.7 ± 10.4 vs. 83.7 ± 17.3 μg/dl, p = 0.02; 55.7 ± 38 vs 275.7 ± 24, P = 0.03 μg/dl). Serum magnesium levels were significantly higher in patient group (2.16 ± 0.31 vs 1.95 ± 0.13 mg/dl, P hsCRP (r = −0.408, p = 0.007). HsCRP levels in patients with selenium levels n = 31) was significantly higher than hsCRP levels in patients with selenium levels >80 μg/l (n = 12; 1.99 ± 1.0; 1.02 ± 0.9, p = 0.014). None of these biochemical risk factors and trace elements have changed after euthyroidism in patients with SH when compared to pretreatment levels. Selenium deficiency may contribute to cardiovascular disease risk in these patients.
Subacute exposure to lead promotes disruption in the thyroid gland function in male and female rats
Environmental Pollution, 2021
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Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2019
Evaluation of trace metals at level of solid tissue can provide better information than blood or urine and, therefore, could highlight the role of metals in the etiology of organ-specific disease. The current study aimed to establish the baseline content of four essential (Mn, Cu, Zn, Se) and four toxic metals (As, Cd, Pb, U) in the healthy thyroid tissues (HTTs) by considering sex, age and smoking habits. A further aim was to examine whether differences in the content of metals exist in regard to the thyroid diseases, such as benign tumor (BT), Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), multinodular goiter (MNG) and thyroid cancer (TC). A total number of investigated tissue samples were 423. All metals were quantified by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). It was found that the content of Cu and U was higher in HTTs of women, while the content of Zn was higher in HTTs of men. Increased content of Zn and decreased content of U was found in the group of HTTs above 50 years compared to a younger group (< 50 years). Increased content of Cd, Pb and U distinguish smokers from the non-smokers. In comparison with other population groups worldwide, investigated Serbian population had up to 15 times reduced content of Se. Despite the difference in metal's profile according to biological variables, this study also demonstrated, for the first time, that each thyroid disease has its unique metal's profile. The most altered metal's content was found in tissues with HT. Contrarily, the greatest similarity in metal's content with HTTs was found in BT tissues. Based on the increased content, metal's that dominantly discriminated HTTs from the HT, MNG and TC was As, Pb and Cd, respectively. Reported results could highlight the role of toxic and essential trace metals in the not very well clarified etiology of thyroid diseases and, moreover, could provide a molecular basis for pathophysiological changes of metal's hazardous effects on thyroid health at the tissue level.
Oxidative stress by inorganic arsenic: modulation by thyroid hormones in rat
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: …, 2003
Arsenic toxicity is attributed mainly to lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. We therefore studied the modulatory effects of thyroid hormones on arsenic toxicity in rat on lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. Thyroid hormones, through a mechanism unknown at present, inhibit arsenic accumulation in liver and kidney. Mobilization of arsenic apparently diminishes lipid peroxidation and improves reduced glutathione status, two biochemical demands of combating arsenic toxicity. Results are discussed in reference to the effect of thyroid hormones on microsomal metabolism of arsenic. Arsenic is less toxic in hyperthyroid than in hypothyroid rats. A physiological antagonism between arsenic and thyroxine is discussed. ᮊ
Effects of lead on thyroid functions in lead-exposed workers
Central European Journal of Medicine, 2010
Lead exposure is a common public health problem. Exposure to the metal can cause hematological, gastrointestinal, rheumatological, endocrine, neurological and renal problems in humans. However, effects on the thyroid gland are controversial. We retrospectively investigated thyroid function parameters in 65 adult males who had been occupationally exposed to lead. We then compared the findings with those of 60 male patients who had no history of lead exposure or thyroid abnormalities, who served as the control group. The mean ages of the lead-exposed workers and the controls were 34.3 ± 7.9 and 32.9 ± 6.6 years respectively. Blood lead levels in the lead-exposed workers were significantly higher than in the control group. The lead-exposed workers were assigned to one of three groups according to their blood lead levels, as follows: 40–59 μg/dl, 60–79 μg/dl, or 80 μg/dl and above. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) levels in the 80 μg/dl and above group were significantly higher than in...
Effect of inorganic lead on thyroid function of exposed workers
The effects of long-term exposure to lead on thyroid hormones are not clear. Unlike others, some studies report deleterious effects of inorganic lead on thyroid function. Methods: the potential endocrine disruption was evaluated in 141 lead-exposed workers and 141 controls free from any exposure to this toxic. In the exposed group, the exposure-retained factors are blood lead level (BLL), which reflects recent exposure, the cumulative blood lead, which reflects the old exposure (from hiring) and zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP), a marker of the intermediate exposure. Regarding the control group, only blood lead was measured. Results: If TSH and FT4 were significantly higher in the exposed group, however FT3 was significantly higher in the non-exposed group. In the exposed group, FT3 is inversely correlated with age, FT4 is positively correlated with BLL and ZPP, and TSH is positively correlated with ZPP. Conclusions: the results suggest the existence of a deleterious effect of inorganic lead on thyroid function. Furthermore, it appears that only the intermediate exposure seems to be responsible for this action.
The effect of long-term low-dose lead exposure on thyroid function in adolescents
Environmental Research, 2006
This study investigated blood lead (Pb-B) levels and Pb-B effects on thyroid functions in long-term low-level-lead-exposed male adolescents who work as auto repairers. Pb-B and ALAD index (logarithm of activated d-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase/nonactivated d-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase) were measured as indicators of exposure to lead. Thyroid function tests including free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and thyrotrophin (TSH) were conducted and thyroid ultrasounds were performed in 42 lead-exposed adolescents and 55 healthy control subjects. Mean Pb-B levels and ALAD index were found significantly higher in the study group than in the normal control group (7.372.92 mg/dl vs. 2.0871.24 mg/dl, Po0:001 and 0.4470.26 vs. 0.2970.23, Po0:05, respectively). FT4 levels were found significantly lower in the study group (1.0270.18 mI/mL and 1.1270.14 mIU/mL, Po0:05). No subject in the control group had an abnormal FT4 level, but FT4 levels were found under normal limits in 11 subjects (26%) in the study group. FT3 and TSH levels in the study and control groups did not differ (P40:05). Thyroid volumes in the study and control groups did not exhibit any significant differences (P40:05). Pb-B was found to be negatively correlated to FT4 levels (r ¼ À0:20, P ¼ 0:044). This study revealed that long-term low-level lead exposure may lead to reduced FT4 level without significant changes in TSH and T3 levels in adolescents even at low Pb-B levels. r
HASHIMOTO THYROIDITIS: STUDY OF THE GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS THAT MAY INFLUENCE ITS EPIDEMIOLOGY, WITH HIGHLIGHT FOR EXCESSIVE IODIUM CONSUMPTION (Atena Editora), 2022
Hashimoto's thyroiditis, an autoimmune thyroid disease, has a wide range of factors that can contribute to its development. Thus, this work aimed to study the genetic and environmental factors, highlighting the excessive consumption of iodine, which can influence the development and epidemiology of this pathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research method used was the narrative review, considering the last ten years, with exceptions for when the material presented information relevant to the topic. Various materials were collected, including textbooks, websites and scientific publications, in addition to consulting the Pubmed database. The first phase of the evaluation of the works obtained in this database included the reading of titles and abstracts, with subsequent analysis in full of the selected works, considering only the most suitable for the development of the final text. RESULTS: We considered 26 studies obtained from the Pubmed database, nine related to genetic aspects, 16 to environmental aspects and three to different aspects. CONCLUSIONS: Hashimoto's thyroiditis has been better understood over the last few years, but there is still a need to obtain more robust epidemiological data, especially when considering developing countries. The environmental and genetic factors that contribute to the development of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis are varied and can be influenced by the specific characteristics of a given region. In this sense, it is also worth remembering that such factors can serve as a basis for the creation of government public policies to prevent the development of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis.
Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, 2013
Aim: To determine levels of serum trace elements and vitamins, and to find out possible correlations between these elements and vitamins with thyroid function tests and thyroid autoantibody levels in patients having Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Methods: The study included 51 premenauposal women with untreated HT, aged 18 to 56 years without any known chronic diseases or chronic medicine usage, and 27 healthy premenauposal women aged 19 to 42 years old. Trace elements (selenium, zinc, copper, iron levels) and vitamins [A, E, B12, 25-OH-D, 1,25(OH) 2 D and folic acid levels] were evaluated in patient and control groups. Results: Consequently, serum trace elements and vitamin B12 levels did not significantly differ in patients with HT and control group. Thyroid functioning tests and autoantibody levels did not show any correlation with the levels of trace elements, vitamin A, vitamin E and 25-OH vitamin D. A correlation was detected between vitamin B12 and Anti thyroid peroxidase levels. Conclusion: The negative correlation between vitamin B12 and Anti thyroid peroxidase levels may demonstrate the necessity to screen the patients with HT for atrophic gastritis. We believe that more comprehensive studies with larger sample sizes are needed in which patients are randomized according to their nutritional status.