Serological evidence of exposure to Toxoplasma gondii in extensively farmed wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Denmark (original) (raw)
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Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in extensively farmed wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Denmark
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 2019
Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite of worldwide importance. In this study, we estimated T. gondii seroprevalence in extensively farmed wild boars in Denmark, where little is known about T. gondii in animal hosts. Our study focused on wild boars because they are considered good indicator species for the presence of T. gondii, and wild boar meat is used for human consumption. Serum samples from 101 wild boars collected in 2016-2018 from five different locations from the continental part of Denmark, Jutland, were screened for anti-T. gondii antibodies. The samples were analysed using a commercial indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Samples from 28 (27.7%) of the 101 wild boars tested positive with the ELISA. The odds for a wild boar to test seropositive were higher if it was sampled during the hunting season 2017-2018 than during 2016-2017 and if it was reported to be at least 1 year old than if it was younger (logistic regression model with the two variables: odds ratios 17.5 and 3.9, respectively). A substantial proportion of the investigated extensively farmed wild boars had been exposed to T. gondii. Moreover, the parasite appeared widespread, at least in the continental part of Denmark, Jutland, as seropositive wild boars were found from all five sampled locations. Assuming seropositivity indicates hosting viable parasites, consumption of undercooked wild boar meat from Denmark is a potential source of T. gondii infections to other hosts, including humans.
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in hunted wild boars (Sus scrofa) from southeastern France
Folia parasitologica, 2017
Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle et Manceaux, 1908) is an obligate intracellular, parasitic protozoan within the phylum Apicomplexa that causes toxoplasmosis in mammalian hosts (including humans) and birds. Since meat of wild boar, Sus scrofa (Linnaeus), has been demonstrated to be a potential source of human infection, a careful evaluation of the prevalence of infection with T. gondii in hunted animals is needed to protect public health. In the Var area in southeastern France, we performed a spatio-temporal survey in order to investigate the prevalence of IgG antibodies in wild boars shot by hunters in the Canjuers military camp during two subsequent hunting seasons. Of 841 wild boars screened, antibodies (IgG) to T. gondii (modified agglutination test, cut-off 1 : 6) were found in 141 (16.8%) muscle extract samples. A significant association (p < 0.001) was found between positivity and age, but not gender, and hunting districts. The results obtained indicate that consumption of raw o...
Serological evidence of Toxoplasma gondii in hunted wild boar from Portugal
Veterinary Parasitology, 2014
Toxoplasmosis is an important parasitic zoonosis with a worldwide distribution, being the parasitic disease with the highest occurrence in Europe. Wild boar has an important role in the epidemiological cycle of Toxoplasma gondii as an intermediate host, that can potentially infect humans when the meat is consumed raw or undercooked. The purpose of this work was to determine the presence of antibodies to T. gondii in serum of hunted wild boar. During the hunting season 2011/2012, sera samples were collected from 97 wild boar and tested for IgG antibodies to T. gondii, using the modified agglutination test. Twenty out of the 97 wild boar (20.6%) were seropositive for T. gondii IgG antibodies. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that males and older animals were associated with T. gondii seropositivity. These results show that T. gondii has an important presence in wild boar population from Portugal, suggesting a potential zoonotic risk for humans when wild boar meat or meat products are consumed raw or undercooked.
High Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Slovenian Wild Boars (Sus scrofa)
Animals, 2021
Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite of great public health concern. Wild boars could be considered an emerging source of toxoplasmosis in humans due to the popularity of venison and their increasing population. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii in the Slovenian wild boar population and evaluate risk factors for human infection. Of 353 samples, 62% were positive for T. gondii using ELISA tests. This is the highest T. gondii seroprevalence reported to date in wild boar worldwide. The increase in prevalence with increasing age (p = 0.003) and weight (p = 0.002) were statistically significant, whereas gender was not (p = 0.781). Odds for being T. gondii-positive increased with age with the largest difference being between 2–3-year-old and 1–2-year-old animals (OR = 2.66, 95%CI: 1.03–6.85). Animals weighing 20–40 kg had a higher risk than animals weighing 0–20 kg (OR = 2.74, 95%CI: 1.21–6.20), whereas a further increase in the weight was not asso...
2019
Citation for published version (APA): Olsen, A., Berg, R. P. K. D., Tagel, M., Must, K., Deksne, G., Enemark, H. L., ... Jokelainen, P. (2019). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in domestic pigs, sheep, cattle, wild boars, and moose in the Nordic-Baltic region: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Parasite Epidemiology and Control, 5, 1-13. [e00100]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parepi.2019.e00100
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in wild boars (Sus scrofa) in the Slovak Republic
Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine: AAEM
Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite of great medical and veterinary importance. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in wild boars hunted in the Slovak Republic in 2003. Examination of 320 wild boars revealed a seroprevalence of 8.1%. The majority of seropositive wild boars came from the north-western and southern regions of Slovakia. This study indicates that T. gondii infection is common in wild boars in the Slovak Republic, underlines its zoonotic potential and the importance of high standards of hygiene during the handling of game.
Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Farmed Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) in Three Cities of Northeast China
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease
The apicomplexan protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is a widely distributed etiological agent of food-borne illness. This parasite can cause production losses in livestock and serious disease in humans through consumption of contaminated meat. Pig's meat is the most likely source of human infection and wild boars may play a role in the transmission of T. gondii by serving as a reservoir host. This study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of antibodies to T. gondii among farmed wild boars in China. In an 11-month survey, a total of 882 serum samples were obtained from farmed wild boars from 3 cities (Jilin City, Siping City and Fusong City) in Jilin province, Northeast China and were tested for antibodies specific for T. gondii. Using modified agglutination test (MAT) and a cutoff titer of 1:25, the prevalence of T. gondii infection in the examined samples was 9.9% (88 of 882). The highest seroprevalence was observed in animals from Jilin city (15.3%, 43/281), followed by Siping (11.4%, 30/263) and Fusong (4.4%, 15/338). Logistic regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between the investigated geographic region and T. gondii infection. Also, prevalence was higher in females compared to males and the highest prevalnec was detected in piglets. These findings indicate that farmed wild boars may become a source of food-borne toxoplasmosis, posing a food safety threat to the public health in the investigated areas. Implementation of effective measures to control T. gondii infection in farmed wild boars in China may be warranted.
Veterinary Parasitology, 2017
We evaluate the worldwide seroprevalence of T. gondii infection among wild boar. A total of 43 articles that included 16788 wild boar from 23 countries were assessed The global seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in wild boars was 23% (95% CI: 19%-27%) The highest prevalence was observed in North America (32%) and Europe (26%) An increased seropositivity was observed with elevation in geographical latitude The pooled seroprevalence was higher in females (19%) compared to males (17%) The seroprevalence was higher in wild boar older than 12 months (28%) v.s. <12 months (20%)
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in wild boars ( Sus scrofa ) from Central Italy
Parasite, 2013
Wild and farmed game meat consumption has been highlighted as an emerging risk factor for Toxoplasma gondii infection in humans. In Central Italy wild boar is widely distributed and is also one of the most popular game species. The main goal of the present study was to estimate the seroprevalence of T. gondii antibodies through a serological survey conducted on 400 hunted wild boars (250 males and 150 females) during three subsequent hunting seasons (2009)(2010)(2011), using an Immunofluorescence Antibody Assay. The animals were sorted by age, determined on the evaluation of the dental table; 101 were <1 year old, 175 from 1 to 3 years, and 124 > 3 years. Antibodies against T. gondii were detected in 56 (14%) serum samples with titers ranging from 40 to !160; a significant association (p < 0.05) was found between seropositivity and age, but not gender, hunting districts, or year of sampling.
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in wild pigs (Sus scrofa) from Spain
Veterinary Parasitology, 2005
Sera collected from 507 hunter-killed wild pigs (Sus scrofa) between 1993 and 2004 from five geographic regions in northern Spain and seven regions in southern Spain were assayed for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii by the modified agglutination test (MAT). Antibodies to T. gondii were detected in 185 (38.4%) of 507 pigs with titers of 1:25 in 71, 1:50 in 111 and !1:500 in 3; seroprevalence was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in pigs from southern regions. Seroprevalence was density dependent; it was higher in pigs from high stocking per hectare and availability of forage. Statistically significant differences were not observed between T. gondii seroprevalence and hunting estates (open versus fenced), sex or age. Serological results indicate a widespread exposure to T. gondii among Spanish wild boars, suggesting that this population could represent a public health risk for persons that handle or consume raw or undercooked infected wild pig meat. Published by Elsevier B.V.