Post-traumatic Stress and Growth Among the Children and Adolescents in the Aftermath of COVID-19 (original) (raw)
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The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 2023
The COVID-19 pandemic brought with it several psychological challenges. There exists limited knowledge about the impact of these challenges within an India specific context with a focus on the adolescent population. This quasi-experimental quantitative and embedded qualitative study explores the effect of the pandemic on the levels of mental disorder symptom clusters and post-traumatic growth in adolescents from lower-income households in Delhi NCR. It aims to fill the existing gap using DASS 21 and PTGI and looking into the associations between mental health and COVID-19, the impact of COVID-19 on finances, social functioning, social media use and socio-demographic factors. Results found after the correlation analysis reflected that the association between the scores received for DASS 21 and PTGI suggest a low Positive Correlation. This area of work, specifically the correlation between traumatic events and Post Traumatic Growth remains under-researched. The current study supports by highlighting the positive coping mechanisms adopted by this population.
Frontiers in Psychology, 2021
COVID-19 has brought a massive psychological impact on individuals' life. The current study sets a significant purpose to test the model whether post-traumatic stress and coping strategies affect stress-related growth regarding the COVID-19 event. One hundred and ninety-nine participants have participated in an online survey in the period of lockdown. The proposed hypotheses model is further tested using PLS-SEM. The first model explains a significant moderate, 46% amount of variance for stress-related growth. With gender as moderator, the second model explains a significant 29% amount of variance for stress-related growth, which is also moderate. This study shows that active coping strategies and positive affirmation significantly influence individual stress-related growth. The trauma event (COVID-19) does not significantly affect growth. Women experience trauma compared to men, besides active coping with the COVID-19 situation is higher in men than women. Using the Bio-centric...
Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma
Given the scope and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is not surprising that research has documented negative effects to youth's mental health. Yet, there is negligible research on the impact of the pandemic among clinical samples of youth receiving treatment for pre-existing trauma exposure and symptoms. The current study investigates COVID-19 as an index trauma, and if prior traumatic stress scores mediate the relationship between pandemic-related exposure and subsequent traumatic stress. Methods: This is a study of 130 youth ages 7-18 receiving trauma treatment at an academic medical center. The University of California Los Angeles Post-traumatic Stress Disorder-Reaction Index (UCLA-PTSD-RI) was completed by all youth during intake as part of routine data collection. From April, 2020 to March, 2022 the UCLA Brief COVID-19 Screen for Child/Adolescent PTSD was also administered to assess trauma exposures and symptoms specifically-related to the pandemic experience. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted on all variables of interest to describe response patterns cross-sectionally and longitudinally; a mediational analysis was used to determine if prior trauma symptoms mediate the relationship between COVID-19 exposure and response. Additionally, interviews were conducted with youth using a series of open-ended questions about their perceptions of safety, threat and coping related to the pandemic. Results: A quarter of the sample reported COVID-19 related exposures that would meet Criterion A for PTSD. Participants whose UCLA-COVID scores that exceeded the clinical cutoff had lower scores on two items measuring social support. There was no evidence of full or partial mediation. Responses to interview questions revealed low levels of threat reactivity, perceptions of no to little impact, positive changes, varying opinions on social isolation, some evidence of inaccurate messaging and adaptive coping using strategies learned in treatment. Implications: The findings broaden our understanding of the impact of COVID-19 on vulnerable children and provide insight into how prior trauma history and the provision of evidence-based trauma treatment impact a youth's response to pandemic conditions. Keywords COVID-19 • Child traumatic stress • Pandemic related distress, child trauma treatment On March 11, 2020 the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak a global pandemic, marking the beginning of unprecedented changes in the lives of children, adults, and families. The COVID-19 pandemic required considerable changes to daily routines with the addition of masking and hygiene protocols, social distancing, self-isolation or quarantine, and stay-athome orders. Specifically, the COVID-19 pandemic led to significant disruptions for youth with in-person learning and access to supports at school, social and community
Post-traumatic growth and perceived social support in young adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic
Journal of Emergency Practice and Trauma
Objectives: Pandemics would certainly have a negative impact on mental health. Positive modifications as well as negative alterations have been documented in earlier viral pandemic according to previous investigations. Teenagers face a variety of challenges during adolescence. Adolescents may become more concerned if this time coincides with other worries. This study aims to investigate the positive changes that occur in a young adolescent’s life after COVID-19 pandemic, and to see how they relate to perceived social support. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on adolescents who were randomly selected from high schools in Kerman, Iran 2020 during the COVID-19. the sample size was 108 and for sampling wes used multi-stage random sampling at the end the data was analyzed by Pearson correlation test. Demographic information, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and Posttraumatic Growth Inventory short form (PTGI-SF) were used to collect data. Th...
Stress-The hidden pandemic for school children and adolescents in India during COVID-19 era
Current Psychology (New Brunswick, N.j.), 2022
The effects of coronavirus are not just physical but also psychological in all age groups and more so common among children. Some children may have had experience of quarantine restrictions during this COVID-19 pandemic. Due to increased digital connections ‘emotional contagion’ where the distress and fear experienced by one spread to another person may also be common in children. The present study aims to determine whether COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown has caused stress and affected mental health of children and youth. The current study assessed stress in children and youth between 9 and 18 years age based on Short Self-Rating Questionnaire (SSRQ) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study design was an observational study, a descriptive cross-sectional study using online survey. Total 369 schools children participated in the survey. Score Scale and analysis was done to categorize the stress levels as Low, Moderate and Severe. Data analysis based on the total score levels (Delhi+...
Psychological health of Indian youth during COVID-19: a study through three chronological surveys
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS), 2023
The COVID-19 pandemic and its aftereffects have affected human lives psychologically, economically, and socially. The study examines the dynamics of mental health problems faced by young adults and the consequent effects on their daily lives during the pandemic period. Three surveys were conducted among colleges/universities going students in India during the time periods May-June 2020, October 2020-February 2021, and January-February 2022; using Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) 17 + self-reported extended version. Through 1,021, 743, and 932 responses in the three surveys respectively, the effect of the pandemic on the mental health (characterized by behavioral problems and social dysfunction) of respondents, categorized on basis of demographic variables and 'COVID-19' status was studied. Females were found to be more 'distressed' than during this period. There was no effect of age and family income. The 45% of the respondents in the Non-COVID group and 48% in the COVID-19 group had severe distress. With the passing of time, both the number of problem areas and the severity of problems faced by young adults increased thus affecting their day-today activities. The proportions of the respondents in borderline and abnormal categories were much higher both for difficulty and the impact scores of SDQ than the standard proportions.
The impact of COVID-19 on children and adolescents: an Indian perspectives and reminiscent model
International Journal of Aquatic Science, 2021
This article summarizes and analyses the available data regarding the impact of Covid 19 on the care and well-being of children (5-9 years old) and adolescents (10-19 years old) in India. The Study used ' Snowball retrieval strategy 'The authors identified peer-reviewed studies, reports, and government articles relevant to the research question published between January 2020 and April 2021.The study finds that children and adolescents are highly vulnerable to the pandemic and also the effects are diverse and require immediate attention.The evaluation highlights the disproportionately more vulnerability of younger children and teenage girls within in the regions of education, home violence, child marriage, home workload, and mental health. The study proposes a Psychosocial Response Model for Pandemic Management (PRP Model) in unique connection with youngsters and adolescent's population in the country.
Post-traumatic stress, growth, and depreciation during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from Turkey
European Journal of Psychotraumatology
Background: A worldwide health threat, the COVID-19 pandemic, has highlighted the need to focus on its mental health impact. However, literature on mental health effects including post-traumatic consequences of the pandemic is scarce. Objective: The current study examined post-traumatic stress (PTS), growth (PTG), and depreciation (PTD) during the pandemic, and explored factors associated with these mental health outcomes in an adult community sample from Turkey. Method: A total of 685 participants responded to an online survey that gathered data on sociodemographic characteristics, financial loss during the pandemic, time spent at home and frequency of social media use, perception of COVID-related risks, stress, and eventrelated rumination. Data analysis included correlation and regression analyses. Results: Results showed that PTS, PTG, and PTD were positively correlated with each other. Younger age and being single were associated with higher PTS and PTD, and lower education levels predicted all three outcomes. Experiencing financial loss during the pandemic, more frequent social media use to follow COVID-related news and posts, and longer time spent at home during the pandemic were associated with higher PTS. Anticipating financial risks during the pandemic were associated with all outcomes while anticipating health-related risks due to COVID-19 and perceived stress levels predicted PTS and PTD but not PTG. Both intrusive and deliberate rumination were associated with higher levels of PTS and PTD, and PTG was predicted solely by deliberate rumination. Moreover, provisional PTSD was indicated in 47.9% of the participants. Membership to the provisional PTSD group was predicted by age, level of education, time spent on social media, anticipating COVID-19-related health risks, perceived stress, and event-related rumination. Conclusions: The current study provides empirical evidence for the short-term post-traumatic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and related factors, which can help to guide mental health services during the pandemic. Estrés Postraumático, crecimiento y depreciación durante la pandemia del COVID-19: evidencia de Turquía Antecedentes: La pandemia del COVID-19, una amenaza de salud mundial, ha puesto de relieve la necesidad de centrarse en su impacto en la salud mental. Sin embargo, la literatura relacionada con los efectos en la salud mental, incluidas las consecuencias postraumáticas de la pandemia, es escasa. Objetivo: Este estudio examino el estrés postraumático (PTS por sus siglas en inglés), crecimiento (PTG por sus siglas en inglés) y depreciación (PTD por sus siglas en inglés) durante la pandemia y exploró los factores asociados con estos resultados en salud mental en una muestra de una comunidad adulta de Turquía. Método: Un total de 685 participantes respondieron a una encuesta en línea que reunió características sociodemográficas, pérdidas económicas durante la pandemia, tiempo en el hogar y frecuencia del uso de redes sociales, percepción de riesgos relacionados con COVID-19, estrés y rumiación de eventos relacionados. El análisis de datos incluyó análisis de correlación y regresión. Resultados: Los resultaros mostraron que PTS, PTG y PTD se correlacionaron positivamente entre sí. Menor edad y la soltería se asociaron con más altos PTS y PTD, y menor nivel de educación predijo los tres resultados. Experimentar pérdidas económicas durante la pandemia, un uso de redes sociales más frecuente para seguir las noticias y publicaciones relacionadas con COVID y el pasar más tiempo en el hogar durante la pandemia estuvieron asociados con PTS más altos. La anticipación de los riesgos económicos durante la pandemia estuvo asociada con todos los resultados, mientras que anticiparse a los riesgos relacionados con la salud debido a COVID-19 y los niveles de estrés percibidos predijeron PTS y PTD pero no PTG. Tanto la rumiación deliberada como intrusiva estuvieron asociadas con niveles más altos de PTS y PTD y el PTG se predijo únicamente por rumiación ARTICLE HISTORY
Panacea Journal of Medical Sciences
This study will provide an insight into the psychological impact of lockdown on young children. The current study is a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study. The research was done among parents of children ranging in age from 4 to 10 years old who attend various schools in Nagpur city. The research ran from March 2021 to August 2021, for a total of six months. The study enlisted the participation of parents of kids aged 4 to 10 years old. Sadness significant, found that children of both working parents are significantly sad as compared to non-working or only any 1 parent working (p= o.008). Also, children who are using smartphones for <2hours for playing games are significantly sad than others. (p=0.001). Aggressiveness was significantly (p= 0.002). Children of <7 years are significantly more aggressive than >7years. Anxiety was significantly more among females compared to male children (p=0.03). Also, children belonging to single parents and joint families were signifi...
European Psychiatry, 2022
Background When facing a traumatic event, some people may experience positive changes, defined as posttraumatic growth (PTG). Methods Understanding the possible positive consequences of the pandemic on the individual level is crucial for the development of supportive psychosocial interventions. The present paper aims to: 1) evaluate the levels of PTG in the general population; 2) to identify predictors of each dimension of post-traumatic growth. Results The majority of the sample (67%, N = 13,889) did not report any significant improvement in any domain of PTG. Participants reported the highest levels of growth in the dimension of “appreciation of life” (2.3 ± 1.4), while the lowest level was found in the “spiritual change” (1.2 ± 1.2). Female participants reported a slightly higher level of PTG in areas of personal strength (p < .002) and appreciation for life (p < .007) compared to male participants, while no significant association was found with age. At the multivariate re...