A TRIAL TO IMPROVE THE UTILIZATION OF WATER LETTUCE (original) (raw)
Related papers
This work was conducted in the regional laboratory for food and feed, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt, in a closed recirculation water system for 12 weeks to determine the effect of replacing 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% soybean meal and yellow corn in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) diets by Distillers Dried Grains (DDGS) with and without enzyme (Ameco Zyme 2x, 0.25g/kg). Therefore, nine isonitrogenous (30% CP) and isocaloric (3200 kcal GE/kg) experimental diets were formulated, D1, repsant the (control). In the other experimental diets, soybean meal and yellow corn mixture was replaced with DDGS at a rate of 10% (D2), 20% (D3), 30% (D4), 40% (D5), 10% DDGS+ Enzyme (D6), 20% DDGS+Enzyme (D7), 30% DDGS+ Enzyme (D8) and 40% DDGS+ Enzyme (D9). A total number of 405 tilapia fry (0.98 g±0.01) were randomly distributed into 27 tanks (60 liters each) at a stocking rate of 15 fry/tank. After 84 days from the experiment start no significant differences (P<0.05) were observed in survival rate, the highest specific growth rate (3.5 %/day) was recorded for fish feed D7, while fish fed D5 showed the lowest value (2.83 %/ day). The best feed conversion ratio (FCR) was occurred when fish fed D6 or D7 while the worst value was recorded by fish group fed D5. Protein efficiency ratios (PER) were found to be high when fish were fed diets containing enzyme. Body crude protein content for fish fed D1, D2, D6 or D7 were significantly higher than the other diets while fish group fed D5 showed the highest significant (P<0.05) body fat content compared to fish fed the other diets. The obtained results refers to the possibilities of replacing soybean meal and yellow corn mixture in the control diets with DDGS up to 20% without enzyme and up to 30% with enzyme addition.
Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia, 2017
The present study aimed to assess the appropriate level of replacement of fish meal (FM) with alternative plant sources in the feed fed to Oreochromis niloticus to evaluate the growth performance. Three isoproteinious (40% crude protein) diets were prepared from different ingredients viz., fish meal, corn gluten meal, wheat gluten meal, and bagasse kenna meal. O. niloticus showed a maximum increase in weight as 9.70, 11.09, 8.53 and 8.32 g during the 2nd, 2nd, 3rd and 2nd fortnight with feeding treatment A, B, C and D, respectively. The growth performance of the fish in terms of weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio were found to be significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the fish fed with 20% replacement of fishmeal in diet B. The worst growth performance was observed in fish fed with commercial diet, designated as diet D. It was concluded that the fish meal can be replaced up to 20 percent with other plant protein sources without any n...
2009
A nutrition trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary lipid levels and supplemental Ulva meal on growth performance, feed efficiency, nutrient utilization, and body composition of juvenile Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Four isonitrogenous (CP 40%) diets containing 0% and 5% Ulva meal were formulated to contain 10% (lowlipid; LL) and 20% (high-lipid; HL) crude lipid. Triplicate groups of fish (*10 g) were fed to apparent satiation three times daily for 16 weeks. Fish fed 5% Ulva meal showed an increased growth performance (P \ 0.05) compared with fish fed non-Ulva supplemented diets, irrespective of dietary lipid level. In particular, the incorporation of Ulva meal improved specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER). Feeding fish 5% Ulva meal diets resulted in significantly lower carcass lipid content. The results indicate that 5% inclusion of Ulva meal at both dietary lipid levels improves growth performance, feed efficiency, nutrient utilization, and body composition of Nile tilapia.
The present work aimed to investigate the effect of incorporation of increasing levels of Biogen in tilapia diets on growth performance and feed utilization of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).The experimental diets were formulated and Biogen was incorporated in five different doses, 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4% for the diets D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5, respectively and tested in 15 glass aquaria (3 replicates for each treatment). The experimental period lasted after 90 days. At the end of this experiment (90 days) the highest average body weight (BW) was recorded for fish group fed the diet D2 followed in descending order by those in groups D4, D2, D5 and control group D1 with significant differences between the different diets and the same trend was also observed for body length (BL), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER). Feed intake during the entire period found to be 28.15, 32.30, 26.33, 27.49 and 26.93 g for the diet enriched by, 0, 1, 2, 3, and 5 g Biogen/kg diet, respectively and the differences between the FI values were significant (P<0.05). Protein content in whole fish body was significantly (P<0.05) decreased with the increasing levels of Biogen and the highest protein content was obtained in fish fed control diet. The lowest EE content and ash content were obtained for fish fed the control diet.
his study was designed to determine the maximum replacing levels of fish meal (FM) by a plant protein mixture (PPM) in eight diets for Nile tilapia. The PPM consisted of cottonseed, sunflower, canola, seasme and linseed meals. FM in the basal diet was replaced by PPM in the diets at a replacing levels of 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 and 100%. A total number of 480 Nile tilapia were randomly distributed into eight treatments, each in three replicates. After 12 weeks of feeding, results revealed that replacement of 15, 30 or 45% of FM by PPM did not significantly affect feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and the apparent digestibilities coefficient (ADC) of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE), while the higher replacing levels (60, 75, 90 or 100%) significantly (P<0.05) reduced these parametesr. Growth parameters were relatively parallel to those of FI, FCR and PER, whereas replacement up to 45% exhibited body weight (BW), body length (BL), weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) not differing significantly (P<0.001) from the fish fed on control diet. Compared to control diet, increasing PPM in the diets significantly reduced hemoglobin, hematocrit and increased the activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The incorporation of PPM in diets did not significantly affect the whole-body dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP). From economic point of view, replacement of FM by PPM up to 45% in tilapia diets reduced feed costs/kg diet and feed costs/kg weight gain by 11.40 and 6.74%, respectively.
Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science, 2023
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritional adequacy and suitability of rice polish and mustard oil cake as protein sources in the diet of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). To assess the growth performance and feed utilization of Nile Tilapia, three diets containing rice polish (0, 8, and 16%) and mustard oil cake (8, 16, and 24%) were formulated and fed to the fish over a period of 60 days. According to the findings, the growth performance tended to decline as the levels of rice polish and mustard oil cake increased. The control diet (30% Fish meal) resulted in the highest weight gain (373.79±49.78%), whereas the diet (20% Fish meal) resulted in the least weight gain (341.24±27.23%). The specific growth rate (SGR) followed the same pattern, and there were no statistically significant differences in SGR between diets (p>0.05). At the end of this trial, the feed intake (FI) of the various diets ranged between 32.37 g and 37.78 g per fish. Although feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were not significantly different among diets (p>0.05), feed intake decreased as the incorporation of rice polish increased.
Aquaculture Reports, 2017
A number of leafy vegetables, their protein concentrates and hydrolasates are under evaluation as alternative protein ingredients to fish meal (FM) in aquafeeds. This study evaluated the nutritional characteristics and suitability of replacing FM with the amaranth (Amaranthus hybridus) leaf protein concentrates (ALPC) as a protein ingredient in the diet of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Experimental diets were formulated, where 100%, 75%, 50%, 40%, 20% and 0% FM protein was substituted by protein from ALPC. The six dietary treatments were tested in triplicate in static flow-through tanks. The substitution effects were compared in terms of fish growth performance, nutrient utilization, whole body composition and apparent nutrient digestibility. After 160 days of feeding, the growth, nutrient utilization and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) in fish fed diets containing 100%, 75%, 50%, 40% and 20% FM were better (P < 0.05) than those fed diet with 0% FM. The Apparent nutrient digestibility was high for protein, lipid and energy and differed significantly among the dietary treatments (P < 0.05). Protein digestibility in fish was highest in feed formulated with 100%, 75%, 50% and 40% FM, which were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than at 25% and 0% FM. Lipid digestibility was comparable for all the diets except fish fed 0% FM. Digestible carbohydrates and dry matter were similar for all dietary treatments (P < 0.05). We demonstrate that it is possible to replace up to 80% of fish meal with ALPC without compromising the performance O. niloticus. These results demonstrate that although it is possible to replace large part of fish meal with ALPC, it is not possible to eliminate it in Nile tilapia diet as alternative protein ingredient.
Aquaculture research, 2003
A plant protein mixture (PPM) was tested to replace ¢sh meal (FM) in diets for juvenile Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Fish averaging (7SD) 3.770.14 g were divided into 15 groups. Three groups were fed each of ¢ve isonitrogenous (33.6%) and isocaloric (4.7 kcal g À 1 ) diets replacing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the FM protein with similar percentages of PPM (PPM0, PPM25, PPM50, PPM75 or PPM100 respectively). The PPM consisted of 25% soybean meal, 25% cottonseed meal, 25% sun£ower meal and 25% linseed meal, and 0.5% of both methionine and lysine were added to each diet except for the control. After 16 weeks of feeding, the ¢sh fed diets PPM75 and PPM100 exhibited growth performance not di¡ering signi¢cantly from the ¢sh fed control diet. PPM substitution of up to 75% of the FM protein did not result in di¡erences in the apparent protein digestibility compared with the control, whereas in the PPM100 group digestibility was signi¢cantly lower than in the other groups, except for ¢sh fed the PPM75 diet. The incorporation of PPM in diets did not signi¢cantly a¡ect whole-body dry matter, protein, fat or energy compared with the control. The cost^bene¢t analyses of the test diets indicated that the PPM diets were economically superior to FM. The protein from PPM can completely replace the FM protein in the diets for Nile tilapia, based on the results of this study.
INCLUSION OF A HIGH PROTEIN DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS PRODUCT IN NILE TILAPIA DIETS.
International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR), 2018
The present study was carried out in the fish laboratory in the Regional Center for Food and Feed (RCFF), Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt. And designed to evaluate the nutritional value of corn co-products from ethanol production, corn distillers dried grains with soluble (DDGS) and a high protein of corn distillers dried grains product (HPDDGS) (by reducing the percent of soybean meal and yellow corn in tested diets), on growth performance, and feed utilization, of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Seven experimental diets were formulated Control (Diet 1) doesn?t contains both DDGS and HPDDGS, (Diet2 ? Diet4) to replace DDGS at the rate of 15, 30, and 45% instead of soybean meal and yellow corn. (Diet5 ? Diet7) to replace HPDDGS with supplementation lysine at the rate of 15, 30, and 45% instead of soybean meal, The all experimental diets were isonitrogenus (30% crude protein) and isocaloric (430 kcal /100 g diet), the seven diets were fed to 7 tilapia fingerling groups with initial weight of 2.25 g/ fish. Each group contained of 3 aquaria. The experiment duration was 12 weeks and the fish were fed at a rate of 4% of fish body weight daily. The daily allowances were fed at 5 meals. The results showed that, weight gains and feed utilization of tilapia fingerlings fed (DDGS)15% and (DDGS)30% diets were not different compared to (control) diets, but (Oreochromis niloticus) fed (DDGS) 45% diets gained less weight than those fed control (P < 0.05). The results of this experiment suggest that DDGS is a good replacement for yellow corn and soybean meal, and can be used up to 30% in the diet to maintain the growth performance and also fish group given HPDDGS diet levels (15%HPDDGS, 30%HPDDGS, 45%HPDDGS), with lysine supplementation showed better in the Growth performance and feed utilization when compare with the control diet. HPDDGS is a good alternative protein source and can be used up to 45% or maybe more with lysine supplementation. No effects were observed of both DDGS and HPDDGS levels on water quality.
The aim of this study was to evaluate some unconventional feedstuffs on dietary composition, growth performance, and feed and nutrients utilization of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings (7-8g). Fish were stocked at a rate of 7 fingerlings per aquarium. Glass aquaria (60×35×40cm) were used in duplicate/treatment for 16 weeks. The basal diet contained 25% crude protein. The diets were offered daily at two meals at 3% of fish body weight. The experimental diets were nearly isocaloric and isonitrogenus. The 1st diet was a control, diets No. 2–5 are the control diet but their fishmeal was substituted by 25, 50, 75 and 100%, respectively with duckweed meal (DW), diets No. 6–9 included crayfish meal (CrFi) at the same previous replacement rates, and diets No. 10–13 included a mixture of DW + CrFi (1:1) as a substitute for fishmeal at the same rates. The obtained results revealed that there were significant differences among dietary treatments in growth performance parameters in...