A mini review of electrochemical genosensor based biosensor diagnostic system for infectious diseases (original) (raw)
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Electrochemical genosensors based on PCR strategies for microorganisms detection and quantification
Analytical Methods, 2011
The use of DNA electrochemical sensors combined with PCR-amplification strategies for the detection of microorganisms is reviewed. Most studies involve testing sensors for short oligonucleotide targets without DNA preparation from real samples. Approaches involving amperometric, voltammetric or impedimetric detection of hybridization processes between surface-attached DNA probes and targets are addressed. Direct detection of the hybridization process and the use of electrochemical redox mediators, enzyme amplification or nanoparticle-labeling are considered.
Biosensors for pathogens diagnosis
In medicine, food safety, public health and safety, pathogenic bacteria are necessary objectives for detection and identification. In low-income nations, for example Africa, where medical services and methods of diagnosis and care are inadequate, these forms of infectious are particularly troublesome. Additionally, in higher income nations, including the United States, where food-borne bacteria cause approx. 76 million illnesses, 300,000 hospitalizations and 5,000 deaths annually, Food-borne pathogens often pose a significant health risk. The causal agents of bacterial food and waterborne disease are Escherichia coli O157: H7, Salmonellae, Campylobacter jejuni and Listeria monocytogenes. The bacterial infections are frequently misdiagnosed or an unnecessary delay in diagnosis is despite antibiotic available. Current bacterial detection methods are based on laboratory techniques, such as cell cultivation, microscopic examination and biochemical research. The disadvantages of these techniques are wasting time, expensive equipment's, and qualified employers. The PCR technique, which is extremely sensitive, allows bacteria to be identified on the basis of its genetic material and requires no bacterial cultivation. However, the PCRs need preselected genetic samples, false pairing can lead to false positives, and genetically modified strains may escape beside the long duration of the experiment. Portable stand-alone biosensors at the treatment point may allow fast detection and diagnosis. Furthermore, in developing countries, quick diagnosis of COVID-19 disease is difficult because of multiple clinical presentations and inadequate resources for health care. In particular, biosensors are helpful in the diagnosis of critical disease such as meningitis or prevent spreading of further diseases.
Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria: A Genosensor Approach
Journal of Bacteriology & Mycology: Open Access
Nowadays, detection of pathogenic bacteria is one of the major concerns in food, beverage drinking water and pharmaceutical industries. The traditional methods used for identification of bacteria involve detection of characteristic metabolites or cellular reproductive cycles, which is time-consuming, less sensitive, and misleading. From last few decades there has been a great advance in the strategies for detection of pathogenic bacteria by using micro-and nano-fabrication technologies. These technologies largely improved the sensitivity, specificity, limit of detection, and simultaneously reduced the complexity of handing, time and cost of detection. The paper will be focused on newly developed nano-and micro-scaled sensors, microfluidics, lab-on-achip, and array based technologies for the detection of different pathogenic bacteria.
Electrochemical biosensors for rapid pathogen detection
Current Opinion in Electrochemistry, 2021
Rapid pathogen detection is an emerging issue in clinical, environmental, and food industry sectors. Biosensors can represent a solution to culture-based and molecular methods as they respond to sensitivity, specificity, and rapidity needs. Screen-printed electrodes have been used in association with nanoparticles to increase the signal and improve sensitivity reaching low numbers of the targets. Antibodies, DNA probes, and aptamers are mainly used to functionalize the working electrodes to ensure high specific pathogen detection by the use of voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy, amperometry, and conductivity. Electrochemical biosensors can be miniaturized to construct portable devices useful for in situ assays.
Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2007
This paper deals with the use of an electrochemical genosensor array for the rapid and simultaneous detection of different food-contaminating pathogenic bacteria. The method includes PCR amplification followed by analysis of the amplicons by hybridisation with toxin-specific oligonucleotide probes. A screen-printed array of four gold electrodes, modified using thiol-tethered oligonucleotide probes, was used. Unmodified PCR products were captured at the sensor interface via sandwich hybridisation with surface-tethered probes and biotinylated signaling probes. The resulting biotinylated hybrids were coupled with a streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase conjugate and then exposed to an ␣-naphthyl phosphate solution. Differential pulse voltammetry was finally used to detect the ␣-naphthol oxidation signal. Mixtures of DNA samples from different bacteria were detected at the nanomolar level without any cross-interference. The selectivity of the assay was also confirmed by the analysis of PCR products unrelated to the immobilised probes.
Electrochemical genosensor for specific detection of the food-borne pathogen, Vibrio cholerae
World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2011
A disposable horseradish peroxidase (HRP)based electrochemical genosensor was developed for chronoamperometric detection of single-stranded asymmetric lolB gene PCR amplicon (118 bp in length) of the food-borne pathogen, Vibrio cholerae. A two-step sandwich-type hybridization strategy using two specific probes was employed for specific detection of the target singlestranded DNA (ssDNA). The analytical performances of the detection platform have been evaluated using a synthetic ssDNA (ST3) which was identical to the target single-stranded amplicon and a total of 19 bacterial strains. Under optimal condition, ST3 was calibrated with a dynamic range of 0.4883-15.6250 nM. By coupling asymmetric PCR amplification, the probe-based electrochemical genosensor was highly specific to the target organism (100% specificity) and able to detect as little as 0.85 ng/ll of V. cholerae genomic DNA.
Electrochemical biosensors for pathogen detection
Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2020
Recent advances in electrochemical biosensors for pathogen detection are reviewed. Electrochemical biosensors for pathogen detection are broadly reviewed in terms of transduction elements, biorecognition elements, electrochemical techniques, and biosensor performance. Transduction elements are discussed in terms of electrode material and form factor. Biorecognition elements for pathogen detection, including antibodies, aptamers, and imprinted polymers, are discussed in terms of availability, production, and immobilization approach. Emerging areas of electrochemical biosensor design are reviewed, including electrode modification and transducer integration. Measurement formats for pathogen detection are classified in terms of sample preparation and secondary binding steps. Applications of electrochemical biosensors for the detection of pathogens in food and water safety, medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and bio-threat applications are highlighted. Future directions and challenges of electrochemical biosensors for pathogen detection are discussed, including wearable and conformal biosensors, detection of plant pathogens, multiplexed detection, reusable biosensors for process monitoring applications, and low-cost, disposable biosensors.
Electroanalytical Sensors and Devices for Multiplexed Detection of Foodborne Pathogen Microorganisms
Sensors, 2009
The detection and identification of pathogen microorganisms still rely on conventional culturing techniques, which are not suitable for on-site monitoring. Therefore, a great research challenge in this field is focused on the need to develop rapid, reliable, specific, and sensitive methods to detect these bacteria at low cost. Moreover, the growing interest in biochip development for large scale screening analysis implies improved miniaturization, reduction of analysis time and cost, and multi-analyte detection, which has nowadays become a crucial challenge. This paper reviews multiplexed foodborne pathogen microorganisms detection methods based on electrochemical sensors incorporating microarrays and other platforms. These devices usually involve antibody-antigen and DNA hybridization specific interactions, although other approaches such as the monitoring of oxygen consumption are also considered.
Pathogen detection with electrochemical biosensors: Advantages, challenges and future perspectives
Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2021
Detection of pathogens, e.g., bacteria and viruses, is still a big challenge in analytical medicine due to their vast number and variety. Developing strategies for rapid, inexpensive, specific, and sensitive detection of the pathogens using nanomaterials, integrating with microfluidics devices, amplification methods, or even combining these strategies have received significant attention. Especially, after the health-threatening COVID-19 outbreak, rapid and sensitive detection of pathogens became very critical. Detection of pathogens could be realized with electrochemical, optical, mass sensitive, or thermal methods. Among them, electrochemical methods are very promising by bringing different advantages, i.e., they exhibit more versatile detection schemes and real-time quantification as well as label-free measurements, which provides a broader application perspective. In this review, we discuss the recent advances for the detection of bacteria and viruses using electrochemical biosensors. Moreover, electrochemical biosensors for pathogen detection were broadly reviewed in terms of analyte, bio-recognition and transduction elements. Different fabrication techniques, detection principles, and applications of various pathogens with the electrochemical biosensors were also discussed.
Biosensors : A Novel Diagnostic Approach
2017
The detection of pathogens is key in prevention and identification of diseases. Biosensors are analytical devices that allow detection of biomolecules in real time, highly specific and sensitive format and can essentially serves as low cost and highly efficient devices for diagnosis of pathogenic diseases. Different types of biosensors are being employed for detection of pathogenic microbes. Thus, diagnosis of pathogens by biosensors may become more popular than the standard methods, although achieving high sensitivity and specificity are still important challenges.