Knowledge of hepatitis B virus infection among traders (original) (raw)
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Journal of Diseases
Aim: This study aimed at compiling all hepatitis B results for prospective employees screened at the Cape Coast Metropolitan Hospital. This information is relevant in identifying those who are already infected, as well as susceptible individuals, to promote the establishment of prevention and control measures within work environments. Method: This study extracted data from laboratory records into Microsoft Excel and used for the analysis. Results: In this report, 13.3% (4/30) of prospective employees were found to be sero-positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The remaining were sero-negative (susceptible), and required vaccination. All of the four (4) found to be sero-positive were chronically infected [both hepatitis B envelope antibody (HBeAb) and core antibody (HBcAb)-positive], that is, capable of transmitting to susceptible individuals if the proper infection prevention practices are not well implemented in their homes and work places. Only males were found to be positive, while all females were negative. Conclusion: Continuous education, screening, management of infected individuals and vaccination of the susceptible, will go a long way to curbing the spread of hepatitis B infection. Contribution/Originality: This study contributes to existing information, and draws attention to occupational support in the management of hepatitis B infection. 1. INTRODUCTION Viral hepatitis infection is an international public health problem, which requires high priority strategies for prevention and control [1, 2]. Estimated worldwide carriers of hepatitis B virus is 257-350 million [3, 4] with an estimated 50 million chronic carriers of HBV in Africa. In sub-Saharan Africa, carrier rates range from 9% to 20% [5-8]. Hepatitis B virus is endemic in Ghana with sero-prevalence rates ranging from 6.7% to 10% in blood donors [9, 10] 6.4% in pregnant women [11] and 15.6% in children among the general population. In jaundiced patients the rate is 54.1% [12]. These statistics are of significant public health importance to Ghana [13, 14] eliciting nationwide advocacy and control strategies involving strict blood donor screening and prevention of mother to child screening at all antenatal care sites.
Indian Journal of Medical Specialities, 2019
Hepatitis B infection is a preventable disease, infecting approximately two billion people worldwide and causing a million deaths annually. Around 2 million healthcare workers are exposed to Hepatitis B and have ten times higher risk of contracting the disease due to occupational exposure. In Asia, the seroprevalence is estimated between 15%-21%. The diagnosis of Hepatitis B is done mainly by detection of viral markers with the help of serologic tests. Nowadays molecular tests are increasingly being used both for diagnosis and management of patients. Vaccination of the healthcare worker is of utmost importance in the prevention of hepatitis B virus infection as it decreases the transmission effectively. According to CDC guidelines, an infected healthcare worker should not perform exposure prone procedures at HBV DNA levels more than 1000 IU/ml and an expert panel monitors the treatment. Seven drugs have been approved by US-FDA for treatment of HBV infection. The incidence of HBV has decreased since the advent of universal precautions and safe disposal of infected waste and sharps. Inclusion of Hepatitis B vaccination in the universal immunisation programme is also a major step in reducing the incidence of HBV infections.
Hepatitis-B virus infection in India: Findings from a nationally representative serosurvey, 2017-18
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2020
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An investigation of an outbreak of viral hepatitis B in Modasa town, Gujarat, India
Journal of Global Infectious Diseases, 2012
V iral hepatitis, an important world health problem, is responsible for acute infection and chronic sequel. [1] hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a common viral disease and the present data show that more than one-third of the world's population is infected with this virus. [2] HBVinfected patients show a variety of clinical symptoms ranging from an apparently healthy inactive carrier state to fulminant hepatitis or chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. [3,4] More than 2000 million people alive today have been infected with HBV at some time in their lives. [5] It is
Traveler’s Infections: Overview of Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Travel Medicine [Working Title]
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a double-stranded circular DNA virus that infects the hepatocytes. HBV infection is considered as an important public health concern globally especially with one-third of the world's population been infected. Local and international migrants are one of those population at high risk of the infection. Many factors interplay in the acquisition of HBV such as purpose of travel, destination endemicity rate of the virus, time of stay of the traveler, inadequate prevention and control measures, among others, understanding the genotypes of HBV is critical in correlating the evolution of the virus and migration of humans and also treatment responses of infected population. The symptom of the virus ranges from fever to jaundice and to a liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Transmission of HBV is commonly via horizontal route in developing regions and in the developed regions; transmission occur more often among adults that use injectable drugs and high-risk sexual behaviors. Therefore, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and World Health Organization (WHO) have recommended HBV screening and vaccination to all travelers without an HBV immunization history before traveling to endemic regions. This chapter gives an overview on HBV as a potential traveler's infection.
Duarte et al., 2010 A comparative epidemiological study of hepatitis B and
Tropical Medicine and International Health, 2010
Objectives To report the prevalences of hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis D (HDV) infections in remote and more accessible Yanomami and Piaroa Venezuelan Amazonian Amerindian populations; to estimate incidence per susceptible.methods Clinico-epidemiological evaluation was carried out in 9 Piaroa villages. Blood samples were tested for HBV core antibody (anti-HBc), surface antigen (HBsAg) and HDV antibody (anti-HDV). Results were analysed using logistic regression, and estimates made of HBV forces of infection (FOI). Prevalences and FOI were also estimated for 4 Yanomami villages. results Mean Piaroa anti-HBc and HBsAg prevalences were 27.4% and 5.1%, respectively (up to 53% and 19% in the remote Autana region). Mean Yanomami anti-HBc and HBsAg prevalences were, respectively, 58.0% (range 43–70%) and 14.3% (31% in the village with highest HBsAg). No significant difference was found between sexes, with age and maternal HBsAg the only risk factors for HBV identified in multivariate regression of Piaroa data. Only 4 Piaroa and 2 Yanomami individuals were anti-HDV positive. Conclusion Piaroa HBV prevalences were generally higher in remote villages than in less remote ones, with prevalences in Yanomami villages even higher. Anti-HBc prevalence was 47% in one Yanomami village with a history of HBV vaccination but no HBsAg cases were identified, suggestive of previously cleared or possibly transient infection or vaccine escape. Despite a past history of HDV epidemic outbreaks and HBsAg levels in some villages appearing sufficient to facilitate HDV transmission, anti-HDV prevalence was low; it remains to be established why no recent outbreaks have been reported.
Demographic and Behavioural Determinants of Hepatitis B Disease Transmission
Annals of International medical and Dental Research
Background: Hepatitis B is a major health problem in kashmir with community based studies showing prevalence of around 8 % Kargil district of ladakh Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the risk factors of Hepatitis transmission in Kargil district of Ladakh in order to help prevent and control this prevalent health problem. Methods: Serum markers of HBV (HBS) was tested after taking 3ml of blood with consent using Rapid One Step (SD HbsAg Biolines, Standard Diagnostic, Inc.-Hepatitis B one step test. All individuals were given a questionnaire to fulfill and 3ml of blood was taken under all aseptic precautions and subjected to HBsAg detection. All the positive Sera was reassessed in duplicate to confirm the diagnosis by ELISA. Results: In this study 700 healthy subjects with mean age 24.9 years , were studied for HBsAg positivity .The male to female ratio was 1.3. 55 (7.8%) were found positive for HBsAg. Prevalence of hepatitis B infection was found to be significantly associated with family history of HbsAg positivity (15.8% vs 4.68% with OR = 3.89, P = 0.001) and poor injection practice (10.9% vs 5.59% with OR = 1.92, P = < 0.05). Hepatitis B positivity was more common in age group 11-30 years, male sex, Shia muslim community, illiterate section, those who practise unprotected sex and in those with history of blood transfusion, however the difference was not stastically significant. Conclusion: Poor injection practice and family history of exposure to hepatitis B virus were significant risk factors for transmission of the disease in this community of high prevalence of hepatitis B. The present study emphasizes the need of public health education to reduce the prevalence of hepatits B