Effect of salt stress on some physio-biochemical traits and antioxidative enzymes of two Brassica species under callus culture (original) (raw)
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In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant, 2011
The changes in lipid peroxidation and the involvement of the antioxidant system in relation to salt stress tolerance were investigated in the callus of Acanthophyllum glandulosum and Acanthophyllum sordidum. The callus was subjected to NaCl stress (50-200 mM) for 40 d. The callus of A. glandulosum was less sensitive to NaCl stress than that of A. sordidum. Increasing concentrations of NaCl from 50 to 200 mM correlated to increased proline content in A. glandulosum. Total protein content was higher in extracts of A. glandulosum than in extracts of A. sordidum under both control and salinity treatments. Compared with A. sordidum, lipid peroxidation and H 2 O 2 content were lower and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase were higher in A. glandulosum under salt stress. Activity staining of antioxidant enzymes separated by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) revealed that callus of A. sordidum had five Fe-SOD isoforms and one Mn-SOD isoform, all of which were reduced by salinity. In A. glandulosum, two Mn-SOD, three Fe-SOD, and one Cu/ Zn-SOD isoforms were detected. Out of these six SOD isoforms, expression of the Mn-SOD and Fe-SOD isoforms was enhanced at 100 mM and higher NaCl concentrations. Two and six GPX isoforms were detected in A. sordidum and A. glandulosum, respectively. Expression of the single CAT isoform in A. sordidum was preferentially reduced by salinity. In A. glandulosum, the two CAT isoforms showed differential down regulation under NaCl stress, with the CAT2 isoform detected only under control condition. These results suggest that A. glandulosum callus is better protected against salinity-induced oxidative damage by maintaining higher activities of antioxidant enzymes than the callus of A. sordidum.
Pakistan Journal of Botany
The faba bean genotypes Hassawi-3 and ILB-4347 were evaluated under three different NaCl treatments (50 mM, 100 mM, and 150 mM) for growth, physiological parameters, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in leaves. Salinity stress significantly reduced the growth and biomass yield of both genotypes. Calcium (Ca 2+), magnesium (Mg 2+), and potassium (K +) contents were reduced, whereas sodium content was increased in both genotypes with increasing NaCl concentration. Higher levels of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , K + , and K + /Na + ratio, along with lower Na + accumulation were observed in ILB-4347 than those in the Hassawi-3 genotype. Chlorophyll, carotene, leaf relative water content (LRWC), proline, and protein content were reduced (by 54.61%, 51.51%, 42.33%, 105.19% and 44.80% in Hassawi-3 and 35.29%, 38.29%, 31.92%, 113.93% and 34.80% in ILB-4347) these effects were treatment and genotype dependent. Salinity stress significantly enhanced hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and electrolyte leakage (EL) in both genotypes; however, Hassawi-3 showed more accumulation compared to ILB-4347. Both genotypes subjected to salt stress showed enhancement in total antioxidants, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), and ascorbic acid (AsA) content. These results indicate that ILB-4347 is more tolerant than the Hassawi-3 genotype against salt stress and could be used as part of a better strategy to reclaim salt affected soils.
Changes activities of antioxidant enzymes in oilseed rape in response to salinity stress
In this study, the effects of salinity stress (NaCl) on the activity of Catalase (CAT), Guaiacol Peroxidase (POD), and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) were studied in leaves of fifteen oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars (Champlain, Hayola401,Licord, Modena, NK Aviator, NK Karibik, NK Octan, Okapy, Opera, PF, RGS, RNX 3621, SLM046, Talayeh, Zarfam). Plants were grown in a greenhouse under control (ECe= 0.9 dSm-1), and two levels of salinity stress (ECe = 6.9 and 11.9 dS m-1) respectively. A factorial experiment was performed in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 replications. Salinity stress had significant effect on activity of these enzymes, obviously decreased CAT activity and increased POD and SOD activity in some oilseed rape cultivars under both salinity levels. Zarfam and Licord with the highest level of enzyme activity under both control and salinity stress are reported as the most tolerant cultivar, while NK Aviator having the lowest enzyme activity, is mentioned...
Antioxidative enzymes in two in vitro cultured Salicornia species in response to increasing salinity
Biologia Plantarum, 2014
The effects of salt stress on dry mass, lipid peroxidation, polyphenol and hydrogen peroxide content and activities of antioxidative enzymes were investigated in seedlings of Salicornia persica and S. europaea grown in vitro. Seeds were germinated under a broad range of NaCl concentrations (0, 100, 200, and 300 mM) on Murashige and Skoog medium for 45 d. Dry mass of both species increased at low (100 mM) salinity but decreased at higher NaCl concentrations. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content decreased at low salinity, whereas increased at 200 and 300 mM NaCl. H 2 O 2 content in S. europaea was considerably enhanced by salinity, but it was not significantly affected in S. persica. The salt stress progressively enhanced the polyphenol content in S. persica, whereas in S. europaea, it increased with respect to the control only at higher salinities. In both species, the salinity progressively enhanced the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities, whereas the CAT activity was only registered at the low salinity and the APX activity decreaseed in both species. The results indicate that S. persica exhibited a better protection mechanism against oxidative damage and it is more salt-tolerant than S. europaea.
Different strategies in response to the application of nutrients are required to overcome the adverse effects of NaCl stress. The objective of the present study was to determine if different added levels of nitrogen (N) in growth medium could alleviate the adverse effects of salt stress on plant N-metabolism and the antioxidative system. Two-week-old plants of salt-sensitive (cv. 'Chuutki') and salt-tolerant (cv. 'Radha') genotypes of Brassica juncea L. Czern. & Coss. were treated with: (i) 0 mM NaCl + 0 mg N kg í1 sand (control), (ii) 90 mM NaCl +30 mg N kg í1 sand, (iii) 90 mM NaCl + 60 mg N kg í1 sand, (iv) 90 mM NaCl + 90 mg N kg í1 sand and (v) 90 mM NaCl + 120 mg N kg í1 sand. Under salinity stress, the salt-tolerant genotype exhibited maximum value for growth attributes [shoot length (SL) plant í1 , area (A) leaf í1 , and leaf area index (LAI)], sulphur assimilation enzyme [ATP-sulphurylase (ATP-S)], N-assimilation enzymes [nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NiR), glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT)], and antioxidative enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidise (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR)] and content of antioxidant [glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate (ASC)] at 60 mg N kg í1 sand than the salt-sensitive genotype. These results suggest that the salt-tolerant genotype may have better N-metabolism, antioxidative system and protection from reactive oxygen species (ROS) with N application under salt stress.
The effects of salinity on some growth parameters, protein content and antioxidant enzymes were studied in three Acanthophyllum species of different ploidy levels including A. laxiusculum Shiman-Czeika (diploid species with 2n = 30), A. sordidum Bunge ex Boiss. (tetraploid species with 2n = 60) and A. glandulosum Bunge ex Boiss. (hexaploid species with 2n = 90). Seedlings of the species were subjected to NaCl stress (50, 100, 150 and 200 mM) for 40 days. Salinity affected the growth parameters and caused a reduction in germination percentage, relative growth rate (RGR) and relative water content (RWC) with a greater reduction in A. laxiusculum. However, salinity stress caused only slight decrease in RGR and RWC of A. glandulosum and A. sordidum. Protein content in both A. laxiusculum and A. sordidum increased up to 150 mM NaCl, but this increase in A. glandulosum occurred at 150 and 200 mM NaCl. A. laxiusculum exhibited a decrease in peroxidase (POX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) und...
Salinity stress in plant and An important Antioxidant enzyme
Salinity restricts the construction abilities of cultivation soils in large areas around the world. The attempts to expand stress tolerant plants are of enormous significance to enhance crop production. The resistance of plant to salinity stress efficiency of the antioxidant system. Salt stress is recognized to bring the structure of mechanical oxygen type and of their scavenger, nonenzymatic or enzymes low molecular group antioxidants, in plant cell antioxidant enzymes have been noticed as the defensive team, whose merged intention is to defend cells from oxidative hurt, important antioxidant enzymes in the metabolism of ROS (reactive oxygen species) produced under salt stress. The function of antioxidant enzymes as the elements of the major tolerance mechanisms expanded in reaction to salt stress.
Effect Of Nacl Salt Stress On Antioxidant Enzymes Of Isabgol (Plantago Ovata Forsk.) Genotypes
International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 2015
Activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase in leaves of isabgol (Plantago ovata Forsk.) genotypes viz. GI-2, HI-96, PB-80 and HI-5 were studied under salt stress at different EC levels viz. control (without salt), 5 and 10 dSm -1 of nutrient supplemented NaCl salt solutions in sand filled polythene bags. Salt stress caused significant increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase. Maximum increase in activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes was found in the genotype GI-2 and minimum increase in the genotype PB-80. Peroxidase activity was highest in the genotype HI-96 and lowest in the genotype PB-80 under salt stress indicating genotype GI-2 and HI-96 having more capacity of scavenging reactive oxygen species produced due to salt stress and were relatively salt tolerant while genotype PB- 80 was salt sensitive among the genotypes studied.
South African Journal of Botany, 2016
Salinity is a major abiotic stress reducing the yield of a wide variety of crops all over the world. In order to investigate the antioxidant enzymes activity of four pumpkin genotypes (Iskenderun-4, AB-44, CU-7 and A-24) in response to salinity grown in hydroponic culture, 4 to 5 true leaf stages of pumpkin seedlings were subjected to 100 mM NaCl for 7 days. Salt stress induced changes in antioxidant enzymes, SOD, CAT, GR and APX, total chlorophyll content, lipid peroxidation and root and shoot fresh weight were measured. Salt treatment decreased root and shoots weight, chlorophyll content in salt sensitive genotypes more than salt tolerant genotypes. The four genotypes showed an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content under salt condition, but the increase in sensitive genotypes (CU-7 and A-24) were higher than that in salt tolerant genotypes (Iskenderun-4, AB-44). SOD, CAT, GR and APX activities increased salt stress. However these increases were higher in salt tolerant Iskenderun-4, AB-44 than salt sensitive CU-7 and A-24. These results indicate that pumpkin genotypes respond to salt induced oxidative stress by enzymatic defense systems.