Genomic Evaluation of Formed Biofilm on Dental Implants with Different Surface Treatments Associated with Zirconia or Titanium Abutments: An In Vitro Study (original) (raw)

2020, The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants

R eplacement of one or more missing teeth with dental implants has become a successful treatment; studies have reported survival rates of more than 90%. 1-3 This success can be attributed to several clinical aspects, such as bone quantity, surgical and prosthetic planning, occlusion, and oral hygiene procedures. 4 Efforts have been performed to improve the physical and mechanical aspects of the implant and its components, as well as design changes and surface treatments. 5,6 Patient factors, implant systems, and professional procedures are critical to achieving and maintaining osseointegration; nevertheless, it is possible for failures to occur. 7-9 It is possible to find the presence of chronic inflammation in 8.6% to 9.7% of the soft and hard tissues around the implants, after 10 years of placement. 10 Microorganisms associated with peri-implantitis are similar to periodontal microorganisms. Still, differences are found because the dental implants have different microenvironments. 11 Peri-implantitis is related to the presence of microorganisms Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, Fusobacterium spp, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Porphyromonas gingivalis, as well as species not generally associated with periodontitis, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Campylobacter rectus, and Candida spp. 12,13 Surface modifications are performed with abrasive particles such as oxides (Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , and TiO 2); surface conditioning with HF and HNO 3 , among other acids; association and techniques, such as blasting followed by deposition; anodization; ion beam deposition; and the use of bioactive components, such as growth factors, proteins or calcium, and phosphorus ions. 14 Superficial modifications may produce different hydrophilicity