Rural-urban migration of farmers in Delta and Edo States, Nigeria: policy implications (original) (raw)
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Rural-Urban Migration And Agricultural Development in Nigeria
This paper examines why hundreds of thousands of young men and women abandon the countryside and migrate to the cities in search of white collar jobs and the multiplier effects of this on agricultural production in rural Nigeria. It is both exploratory and descriptive in nature which shows that while people move to better themselves economically, there is severe dearth in rural infrastructural and economic opportunities which exacerbates this movement. The paper recommends that government must be proactive to the needs of the people and must enforce policies to actualize this through proper articulation and implementation strategies.
This paper critically reviewed rural-urban migration and its effect on agricultural production at the origin of migration of farm families in southern kebbi state, Nigeria. It accounts for the net effect of different migration strategies (temporary and permanent migration) on agricultural productivity in kebbi south senatorial district. Migration is a topical issue that has caught the attention of researchers over the past few decades. The study reviewed the concept of rural urban migration, reasons/ causes of rural urban migration in the region, types of migration, nexus between rural urban migration and agricultural productivity, the plight of internally displaced persons in southern kebbi state and consequences of rural urban migration in relation to agricultural productivity. It is recommended that the government should promptly provide adequate security in the affected areas and provide relief materials to the affected farm families for succor. When peace is restored in the affected villages in kebbi south, rural industrialization should be encouraged in order to revamp the local economy, thus creating more job opportunities for the farm families. Also, adequate provision of infrastructure and social amenities to attract immigrants into the rural areas rather than urban centres is needed. Finally, when peace of the local communities is guaranteed, the government should invest in modernizing the agricultural sector so as to improve the agricultural efficiency of farm families and increase production volumes in Kebbi south and off course the country at large.
technoscienceafricana.org
This study has examined the spatial pattern of migration and the resultant mass exodus of rural dwellers to urban centers in Wudil local government area of Kano State. The study was carried out through in-depth interview, observation and administration of questionnaire. The consequences of depopulation of our rural areas are the result of urbanization. The study unravels the factors that constantly influence rural dwellers to migrate from their rural base to urban parts of cosmopolitan society. This study discovered that these factors otherwise known as push factors'( such as non availability of profitable employment, lack of basic amenities e.t.c) induce rural dwellers to migrate to other parts of the country.The Study suggests that there is the need for a total re-orientation and awakening of rural dwellers and the society at large on the understanding of the importance of rural resources and how they can be utilized and explored to meet their optimal benefit.
This study investigated the causes and consequences of rural-urban migration in Nigeria from the period 1999-2008, using Ijebu Waterside Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria, as a case study. The study attempted finding answers to research questions by using survey design and purposive sampling techniques to collect data from 144 respondents with the aid of a 10-item structured questionnaire and personal interview. The respondents comprised of heads of households of migrants' in the study area. Data for this study were edited, coded and analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) and descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that majority of the migrants migrated to continue their education rather than in search of employment as concluded by a lot of past studies. It also revealed that the consequences of out-migration on the area include: absence of youths to assist parents in their profession, lack of work force to work on farms, and desertion of the area to the aged and children. The paper recommended concerted government policy aimed at closing the lacuna between wage and other socio-economic differentials between the rural and urban areas, government's support in the development and funding of small and medium scale rural enterprises, and agriculture.
This work was carried out to analyze the effect of rural-urban migration by youths on agricultural labour supply in Aniocha South local government area of Delta State. This was done by identifying the 14 communities that make up the study area, from the six communities, 90 respondents were randomly selected. Data obtained were analyzed using discriptive statistical tools such as frequency distribution table and percentages. The result of the analysis showed that males migrate more than the females in the study area. It was observed that most of the migrants have different levels of educational qualification and area mostly single. It was observed also that the major causes of rural -urban migration in the study area are lack of social amenities such as electricity, pipe borne water, lack of communication facilities, lack of good road network and no established agro-allied industry e.t.c. It was also shown that some of the problems of rural-urban migration are loss of agricultural labour force, decline in agricultural output, reduction in population of the rural dweller etc. Therefore recommendations such establishment of industries, provision of social amenities such as electricity and good communication facilities etc, in the study area will help curb this rural-urban migrations.
As in other parts of Africa, migration in Nigeria is stimulated by number of factors; which is conceptualized into two (2) major factors: 'Push and pull' factors. However, considering the rapid rate of rural-to-urban migration throughout most of sub-Saharan Africa, with its consequential effects more pronounced on the receiving settlements, hence the need for a holistic sustainable rural development programme. Consequently, rural-urban migration mirrors several socioeconomic and environmental problems as identified in this paper. This dramatic gap in living standards no doubt triggered the rural-to-urban population drift, which implies that there is every reason to expect the influx of people to the cities to continue and perhaps accelerate if necessary measures were not taken. This eventually leads to the continuous expansion of urban slums and what looks to be almost unimaginable deprivation in the squalid settlements in which Africa's urban poor reside, and this is all the more reason to address rural poverty in order to stem the effects of internal migration. The paper further examined the negative impacts this phenomenon posed on human and physical development in Nigeria and the failure of several interventions by governments and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in terms of past policies and programmes that are capable of tackling the poverty level in the rural areas. Also, the paper looked at the relationship that exist between the urban and rural settlements in Nigeria. This paper, therefore is focused at drawing up sustainable rural development strategies towards curbing the effects of rural-urban migration and to harness the benefits that abound in the rural landscape. Conclusion with far reaching recommendations were made.
The study examined the effect of rural-urban migration of youth on rural development in Ogbomoso South Local Government Area of Oyo State. Rural-urban migration is a phenomenon that most developing nations of the world are experiencing due to the gross neglect of the rural areas. In Nigeria, the issue of rural-urban migration is quite alarming owing to the discriminatory centralization of facilities in the urban areas as well as widening income gap between the urban and rural areas. This study adopted a descriptive survey research design while purposive sampling technique was used in selecting 300 from Ogbomoso south LGAs. The data collected was tested by using Pearson product moment correlation and ANOVA. The study established that self-help project had significant relationship with youth out-migration (r = .351*, N= 300, P < .05), community economy also had significant relationship with out-migration (r = .277*, N= 300, P < .05), care for elderly had negative significant relationship with out-migration(r =-.182*, N= 300, P < .05) and cultural practices also had significant relationship with out-migration (r = .198*, N= 300, P < .05). The study recommended that; government should decentralize its developmental projects and programmes in order to accommodate the rural areas. Government should make agriculture attractive for rural dwellers so that they could see it as a profitable occupation and there should be economic incentives to promote adaptation of indigenous skills and technologies in the rural areas. 2
Economic Development Implication of Rural-Urban Migration in Nigeria: Anambra State in Focus
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2020
This paper examines the economic implication of rural urban migration in Nigeria with special focus on Anambra state. There is no doubt that over the years, the population of Nigerian cities has been increasing, no thanks to the seemingly uncontrollable movements from the rural areas to the cities. The causes of the phenomenon have been described as the push factors in the rural areas and the pull factors in the urban centres. The objective of this paper is to identify the implication of rural urban migration on Nigerian economy. It is a survey research. 1200 questionnaire were distributed among the selected local governments in the state. An analysis was done with the instrumentalism of SPSS using the chi-square test to further analyze the hypotheses. The result of the analysis shows that rural-urban migration has led to an increase in crime rate in the urban areas; rural-urban migration has negative economic impact as the attention of government is drawn to development of urban areas, thus neglecting the rural areas. The paper therefore recommends that government should pay attention to rural development such as good road, pipe born water, health facility, recreational centers, and schools with adequate learning facilities etc. The government should provide the enabling environment that should encourage the youths to engage in farming.
Deciding to Settle: Rural-Rural Migration and Agricultural Labour Supply in Southwest Nigeria
The Journal of Developing Areas, 2015
Linkages between rural migration and agricultural restructuring have become a key aspect of rapid urbanization in developing countries and a research focus for optimizing rural-urban development and rural reconstruction. Using continuous statistical data from the mountains of Southwest China, we examined the structure, changes and regional differences in agricultural cultivation under urbanization, analyzed the reasons for the restructuring of agricultural cultivation, and revealed the adaptation linkages between the rural-urban transition and agricultural restructuring. The results showed that land-use changes and rural migration caused by urbanization significantly affected the cultivation structure and its change trends: the proportion of food crops decreased, while the proportion of vegetables and orchards increased. However, regional differences in the agricultural cultivation structure were significant in the various township zones. Rural migration weakened agricultural cultivation in the lake basin and nationality townships but enhanced agricultural cultivation in the river valley townships. On the basis of the adaptation linkages of urbanization, rural migration, agricultural intensification, cultivation structure and economic development, chain-type changes and adaptation processes between rural migration and agricultural restructuring were demonstrated. These findings indicate that favorable locations and appropriate policies can promote the integration and restructuring of smallholder agriculture for commercialization and intensification and vice versa.
This paper examines the selectivity of migrants, and spatially quantifies the impacts of rural-urban migration on socioeconomic development of rural communities of Southeastern Nigeria. Data for the study were generated using questionnaire and key informant interviews. Fifteen (15) local government areas (LGAs) were randomly selected for this study and each of the LGAs represents a geopolitical zone out of the three geopolitical zones in each state of Nigeria. From each of the LGAs, fifty (50) migrant-sending rural households were randomly selected and used for the study totalling seven hundred and fifty (750) households. Descriptive statistics were used to highlight the pattern of rural-urban migration, and multiple regression analysis used to estimate the impacts of migration on socioeconomic development in the study area. In addition, Chi-square and Kruskal Wallis tests were used to examine the relationships between the impacts of the migration and various locations in the study area. The results of the analyses show that rural out-migration is selective of males, especially those aged between 20-39 years. Migration also contributes significantly, but in different magnitudes towards socioeconomic development across the states in the study area. The results of this study also categorized the study area into areas of relatively low, moderate and high impacts of rural-urban migration. Based on the findings, recommendations such as meeting the infrastructural needs of the rural communities are made.