The influence of the final irrigation protocol on the efficiency of root canal cleaning (original) (raw)
Related papers
Cleaning of Root Canal System by Different Irrigation Methods
The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, 2015
Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the cleaning of main and lateral canals using the irrigation methods: negative pressure irrigation (EndoVac system), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and manual irrigation (MI). Materials and methods: Resin teeth were used. After root canal preparation, four lateral canals were made at 2 and 7 mm from the apex. Root canals were filled with contrast solution and radiographed pre-and post-irrigation using digital radiographic system [radiovisiography (RVG)]. The irrigation protocols were: MI1-manual irrigation [22 G needle at 5 mm short of working length-WL]; MI2-manual irrigation (30G needle at 2 mm short of WL); PUI; EV1-EndoVac (microcannula at 1 mm short of WL); EV2-Endovac (microcannula at 3 mm short of WL). The obtained images, initial (filled with contrast solution) and final (after irrigation) were analyzed by using image tool 3.0 software. Statistical analysis was performed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests (5% significance level). Results: EV1 and EV2, followed by PUI showed better cleaning capacity than manual irrigation (MI1 and MI2) (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Negative pressure irrigation and PUI promoted better cleaning of main and simulated lateral canals. Clinical significance: Conventional manual irrigation technique may promote less root canal cleaning in the apical third. For this reason, the search for other irrigation protocols is important, and EndoVac and PUI are alternatives to contribute to irrigation effectiveness.
Revista de Odontologia da UNESP, 2014
Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia da irrigação ultrassônica passiva (IUP), utilizando os fluxos intermitente ou contínuo, e da irrigação manual convencional (IMC) na limpeza de canais radiculares, principal e laterais simulados. Material e método: Os canais radiculares de 24 dentes artificiais foram preparados e os canais laterais foram confeccionados nos terços médio e apical. Os espécimes foram divididos em três grupos: G1-IMC, G2-IUP 1 (fluxo intermitente) e G3-IUP 2 (fluxo contínuo). Os canais radiculares foram preenchidos com uma solução de contraste e as raízes foram radiografadas antes e após a irrigação. As imagens digitais foram importadas para o programa Image Tool 3.0 e as áreas do canal totalmente preenchidas com o contraste, e após a irrigação, com remanescente do contraste, foram mensuradas para obtenção de dados percentuais. A análise estatística entre os grupos foi realizada por meio dos testes ANOVA e Tuckey. Resultado: No terço apical, os grupos G2 e G3 (IUP) mostraram melhor limpeza do que o grupo G1 (IMC) (p<0.05). Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos G2 e G3 (p>0.05). Conclusão: Irrigação ultrassônica passiva com fluxo intermitente promoveu melhor limpeza dos canais laterais simulados do que a irrigação manual convencional no terço apical do canal radicular. Não houve diferenças entre os grupos no canal principal e no terço médio. Descritores: Endodontia; irrigantes do canal radicular; ultrassom.
Effect of Different Final Irrigation Activation Methods on Root Canal Cleanliness
2021
Aim: to evaluate canal cleanliness after using manual dynamic activation, passive ultrasonic irrigation and photoactivated disinfection in comparison with conventional needle irrigation, using scanning electron microscopy Methods: Sixty single rooted human premolars with nearly straight single canal were collected, the crowns of all teeth were removed near the level of cementoenamel junction to obtain approximately 15 ±1 mm uniform root lengths. After instrumentaion with ProTaper Next files up to X4 (40/06), roots were randomly divided into 4 equal groups (n=15) according to the method of final irrigation activation. Group I: Conventional needle and syringe irrigation. Group II: Manual dynamic activation. Group III: passive ultrasonic irrigation. Group IV: photoactivated disinfection. Canal cleanliness was evaluated with SEM using different magnification (X350- X1000). Results: Group III had the best cleanliness of the root canal while Group I had the worst cleanliness, there were s...
Assessment of Efficacy of Various Root Canal Irrigants using SEM Evaluation
SciDoc Publishers, 2021
Introduction: The main objective of endodontic procedure is to eliminate all vital/necrotic tissue, microorganisms , and microbial by-products from the root canal system. Aim: The study was done to evaluate the efficacy of various root canal irrigants using scanning electron microscope (SEM) Materials and Methods: Forty maxillary human premolar teeth were divided into 4 groups with 10 samples in each groups; group A: MTAD, group B: chlorhexidne, group C: Ozone water and group D: as control group irrigated with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. The samples were sectioned after irrigation with each irrigating solution and observed under the scanning electron microscope (SEM) at coronal, middle and apical thirds of root canal. The SEM was evaluated and scored for residual debris and smear layer. Then information was tabulated and statistically evaluated. Results: The tested root canal irrigants MTAD, Ozone water, Chlorhexidine and Sodium hypochlorite has removed debris and smear layer at coronal, middle and apical third of canals. Conclusion: MTAD was more effective in reducing the both debris and smear layer compared to other tested products.
Egyptian Dental Journal /Egyptian Dental Journal, 2024
Background: The space for irrigant cleansing action that ultimate root canal dimensions is influenced by root canal size and taper. Aim of the study: to investigate the effect of minimal invasive endodontic preparation technique with different irrigation protocols on the cleanliness of extracted mandibular permanent molars. Materials and methods: A total of eighty extracted mandibular permanent molars were selected in this study. All teeth were divided into 4 groups depending on the taper and size of the file that was used for each group: group I: up to size 25 taper 0.04, group II: up to size 25 taper 0.06, group III: up to size 30 taper 0.04 and group IV: up to size 30 taper 0.06. Each group was randomly divided into two subgroups: In Subgroup A: traditional irrigation technique without activation of the irrigant while in Subgroup B: traditional irrigation technique with ultrasonic activation of the irrigant. Results: By using Chi square and Paired-t tests, when comparing the subgroup A to subgroup B of each group, it revealed significant difference between them regarding group I, group II and group III, but no significant difference between them regarding group IV in case of debris removal. But, it revealed no significant difference between them regarding smear layer removal except in group I. Conclusion: A root canal preparation to a size 25 taper 0.04 with irrigant activation resulted in significantly less residual debris in the root. In addition to, there is no significant difference in smear layer removal between all the groups.
Brazilian Dental Journal, 2009
The aim of this study was to evaluate the cleaning capacity of Profile .04 files combined with different irrigating solutions in flattened root canals using histological, morphometrical and SEM analyses. Eighty human mandibular incisors were prepared with Profile .04 instruments and randomly divided into 4 groups according to the irrigating solutions used (n=20): G1: distilled water (control); G2: 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); G3: 1% NaOCl alternated with 17% EDTA, and G4: 1% NaOCl with RCPrep cream. Ten teeth of each group were evaluated with an optical microscope to determine the percentage of root canal debris. The remaining teeth were evaluated under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.01).There was a significant difference (p<0.001) among the groups regarding the percentage of debris left in the canals (distilled water: 18.82 ± 5.55; 1% NaOCl: 6.29 ± 5.55; 1% NaOCl + 17% EDTA: 12.47 ± 6.92; 1% NaOCl + RCPr...
Open Journal of Stomatology, 2012
Aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of manual and ultrasonic instrumentation with varying irrigation protocols on removal of the smear layer from root canal walls. Methods: Forty extracted single rooted human teeth stored in 0.5% saline were used. Periodontal soft tissues were removed followed by crown separation at the CEJ. All the teeth were randomly divided into two groups. Manually Instrumented Group 1 was irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl and 17% EDTA alternately, same as Ultrasonically Instrumented Group 2. The controls for both groups were irrigated with saline solution. Results: Ultrasonic instrumentation and the combined use of two different solutions (5.25% NaOCl and 17% EDTA) yielded better results on smear removal. Conclusions: Irrigation with 17% EDTA followed by 5.25% NaOCl was successful in complete removal of smear layer on cervical and middle thirds of the root canals. Ultrasonic instrumentation was slightly more successful on the apical one third of the root canals. Figure 4. Manually instrumentation (a) and Ultrasonically instrumentation (b), irrigation with 17% EDTA followed by 5.25% NaOCl, middle third, original magnification (a) ×3000 and (b) ×10,000. [24] Cameron, J. (1995) The choice of irrigant during hand instrumentation and ultrasonic irrigation of the root canal: A scanning electron microscope study. Australian Dental Journal, 2, 85-90.
International Endodontic Journal, 2010
Bronnec F, Bouillaguet S, Machtou P.Ex vivo assessment of irrigant penetration and renewal during the cleaning and shaping of root canals: a digital subtraction radiographic study. International Endodontic Journal, 43, 275–282, 2010.Bronnec F, Bouillaguet S, Machtou P.Ex vivo assessment of irrigant penetration and renewal during the cleaning and shaping of root canals: a digital subtraction radiographic study. International Endodontic Journal, 43, 275–282, 2010.AbstractAim To assess radiographically irrigant penetration in the root canal system of curved roots during root canal shaping procedures ex vivo.Methodology Thirty extracted mandibular molar teeth with moderate to severe curvature were used. A special aiming device was used to guarantee that each successive radiograph was taken with the same positioning. The mesiolingual canal of each tooth was instrumented using the ProTaper system. For each step of the shaping procedure, two irrigation modalities were repeated in the same order. Active irrigation consisted of a 0.5-mL flush of sodium diatrizoate solution (Hypaque 50%) immediately followed by agitation with a size 08 K-file. Passive irrigation consisted of a 0.5-mL flush of sodium hypochlorite solution delivered with a syringe through a 27-gauge notched tip needle. A digital radiograph was taken after each modality and stored on computer for subsequent digital subtraction and measures of the depths of irrigant penetration. Comparisons were performed within an analysis-of-variance framework in a repeated-measures approach.Results The penetration of irrigants was significantly greater for each successive step of the shaping procedure when the two modalities were analysed separately (P < 0.001). The difference between the two modalities was statistically significant for each step of the shaping procedure (P < 0.0001).Conclusions Shaping root canals improved both penetration and exchange of irrigant inside the root canal system. Complete renewal of the solution was impossible to achieve with a conventional syringe delivery system and a limited volume of solution. Recapitulation with a K-file after flushing improved irrigant penetration.Aim To assess radiographically irrigant penetration in the root canal system of curved roots during root canal shaping procedures ex vivo.Methodology Thirty extracted mandibular molar teeth with moderate to severe curvature were used. A special aiming device was used to guarantee that each successive radiograph was taken with the same positioning. The mesiolingual canal of each tooth was instrumented using the ProTaper system. For each step of the shaping procedure, two irrigation modalities were repeated in the same order. Active irrigation consisted of a 0.5-mL flush of sodium diatrizoate solution (Hypaque 50%) immediately followed by agitation with a size 08 K-file. Passive irrigation consisted of a 0.5-mL flush of sodium hypochlorite solution delivered with a syringe through a 27-gauge notched tip needle. A digital radiograph was taken after each modality and stored on computer for subsequent digital subtraction and measures of the depths of irrigant penetration. Comparisons were performed within an analysis-of-variance framework in a repeated-measures approach.Results The penetration of irrigants was significantly greater for each successive step of the shaping procedure when the two modalities were analysed separately (P < 0.001). The difference between the two modalities was statistically significant for each step of the shaping procedure (P < 0.0001).Conclusions Shaping root canals improved both penetration and exchange of irrigant inside the root canal system. Complete renewal of the solution was impossible to achieve with a conventional syringe delivery system and a limited volume of solution. Recapitulation with a K-file after flushing improved irrigant penetration.
Current Trends in Root Canal Irrigation
Cureus
Chemical and mechanical root canal debridement are the primary methods used in endodontic therapy to remove all dead tissue, bacteria, and microbial byproducts from the canal. Sodium hypochlorite, a powerful organic tissue dissolver with a broad spectrum of antibacterial properties, is an excellent choice for disinfecting surfaces. Chelating agents, on the other hand, may be used to remove the inorganic components found on the smear layer. This irrigation method is capable of removing the smear layer; however, it is less effective in the apical third. While using irrigant activation devices, irrigating solutions need to be in direct contact with the whole root canal wall surfaces, especially in the apical portions of tiny root canals. The role of irrigants is extremely important because they help not only to clean the canal but also to allow the seepage of the medicaments into the canal system. Thus, the canal needs to be healthy before the obturation procedure. Nowadays, many irrigants have been studied and hence compilation of the various available sources and their effect has to be studied both in vivo and in vitro. The correlation between the irrigants and the canal cleanliness is of utmost importance, as the success of endodontic root canal treatment depends on its proper activation and characteristics. Hence, this review incorporates the current use of various irrigating solutions and their advantages and disadvantages. In the future, endodontists may employ the novel irrigants and irrigant activation devices that were discovered in this study.