A comparative study of solvent and supercritical CO2 extraction of Simarouba gluaca seed oil (original) (raw)
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Critical review of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of selected oil seeds
Acta periodica technologica, 2010
Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, as a relatively new separation technique, can be used as a very efficient process in the production of essential oils and oleoresins from many of plant materials. The extracts from these materials are a good basis for the new pharmaceutical products and ingredients in the functional foods. This paper deals with supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of selected oil seeds which are of little interest in classical extraction in the food industry. In this article the process parameters in the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, such as pressure, temperature, solvent flow rate, diameter of gound materials, and moisture of oil seed were presented for the following seeds: almond fruits, borage seed, corn germ, grape seed, evening primrose, hazelnut, linseed, pumpkin seed, walnut, and wheat germ. The values of investigated parameters in supercritical extraction were: pressure from 100 to 600 bar, temperature from 10 to 70oC, diameter of grindi...
Optimization of supercritical CO 2 extraction of phytosterol-enriched oil from Kalahari melon seeds
Food and Bioprocess Technology
Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction of oil from Kalahari melon seeds was investigated in this study. Response surface methodology was applied to model and optimize the extraction, namely pressure (200–400 bar), temperature (40–80 °C), and supercritical fluid flow rate (10–20 mL/min). Well-fitting models were successfully established for oil recovery (R 2 = 0.9672) and phytosterol concentration (milligrams per 100 g; R 2 = 0.8150) through multiple linear regressions with backward elimination. The effect of supercritical fluid flow rate was the most significant (P < 0.05) factor that affected oil recovery but this factor had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on phytosterol concentration. The optimal processing conditions for oil recovery and phytosterol concentration were pressure of 300 bar, temperature at 40 °C, and supercritical fluid flow rate of 12 mL/min. These optimal conditions yielded a 76.3% oil recovery and 836.5 mg/100 g of phytosterol concentration. The oil content in the Kalahari melon seeds as estimated by Soxhlet extraction was around 30.5/100 g. The phytosterol concentration in the oil extracted with SC-CO2 extraction was 94% higher than that obtained with solvent extraction.
Extraction and solubility evaluation of functional seed oil in supercritical carbon dioxide
The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 2013
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seed oil is valued for its nutritional properties and for the health benefits associated with it. Its greatest feature is that the ratio of linoleic acid and linolenic acid is the desirable value of 3:1. In this research, supercritical carbon dioxide was applied to extraction of functional oil from hemp seed. In order to determine the effect of temperature and pressure on the yield of extracted components, the oil was extracted from hemp seed at temperatures between 40 and 80 • C, pressures of 20-40 MPa and a CO 2 flow rate of 3 mL/min. The solubility of hemp seed oil in SCCO 2 determined experimentally was fitted to the Chrastil equation to determine the model parameters. The solubility calculated by Chrastil equation was compared with the experimental data. Finally, the fatty acid profile of the oil was evaluated by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID). There are no significant differences in the compositions of five abundant fatty acid components of the oil obtained at different sampling times with SCCO 2 extraction and other extraction methods.
Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of highly unsaturated oil from Phaleria macrocarpa seed
Food Research International, 2014
Good quality oil with high unsaturated fatty acids was found in the seed of a medicinal plant Phaleria macrocarpa (Mahkota dewa). Different parts especially fruit flesh of this plant are being traditionally used as important folk medicine whereas seed of this plant is usually neglected. In this study, the oil was extracted from P. macrocarpa seed using supercritical carbon dioxide. The extraction parameters were optimized by central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM). Due to the non-linearity of the extraction process, artificial neural network (ANN) was also applied for predicting the oil yield. The optimum conditions obtained from RSM were 72°C, 42 MPa and 4.5 ml/min CO 2 flow rate where the oil yield was 52.9 g per 100 g of dry sample and coefficient of determination (R 2) was 0.99. The ANN and RSM prediction showed similar R 2 of 0.99 and ANN has lower average absolute deviation (AAD) of 0.25% compared to RSM (AAD of 0.31%). Five fatty acids were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis of the oil. The amount of oleic acid (18:1) was found to be highest (43.56%) among all the fatty acids. The total unsaturated fatty acid was 73.62% and saturated fatty acid was 26.38% in the P. macrocarpa seed oil.
Supercritical CO2 extraction of omega-3 rich oil from Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) seeds
The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 2009
Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO 2 ) was employed to extract omega-3 rich oil from Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) seeds and partially defatted cake. For ground seeds, the supercritical extraction was carried out at temperatures of 40, 50 and 60 • C and pressures of 300 and 400 bar, and for the cold pressed partially defatted cake, the extraction was carried out with 300 bar at 40 • C and with 400 bar at 60 • C. The global extraction yields (X 0 ), oil solubility, fatty acid composition of the oil and tocopherol content were determined. The seed samples used in this work contained 54.3% oil, of which 50.5% was linoleinc acid (-3). The maximum extraction recovery for the seeds as 92% at 400 bar and 60 • C, but on one occasion a recovery of 99.1% oil was obtained when cold pressed extraction was employed, followed by supercritical extraction at 400 bar and 60 • C. A high tocopherol content of about 2-3 g/kg of oil was obtained.
2016
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The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 2010
This work is aimed to investigate the extraction of sesame seed (Sesamun indicum L.) oil using supercritical carbon dioxide and compressed propane as solvents. The extractions were performed in a laboratory scale unit in a temperature and pressure range of 313-333 K and 19-25 MPa for carbon dioxide and 303-333 K and 8-12 MPa for propane extractions, respectively. A 2 2 factorial experimental design with three replicates of the central point was adopted to organize the data collection for both solvents. The results indicated that solvent and density were important variables for the CO 2 extraction, while temperature is the most important variable for the extraction yield with propane. The extraction with propane was much faster than that with carbon dioxide due to the fact that propane is a better solvent for vegetable oils compared to carbon dioxide. On the other hand, characteristics of extracted oil, its oxidative stability determined by DSC and chemical profile of constituent fatty acids determined by gas chromatography, were similar to both solvents. The mathematical modeling of the extraction kinetics using a second order kinetic presented good results for the extraction with both solvents.
Evaluation of the Composition of Carica Papaya L. Seed Oil Extracted with Supercritical CO2
Biotechnology Reports, 2016
Among the most important tropical fruit grown in the world today and in Brazil, papaya occupies a prominent place. Native to tropical America, papaya has spread to several regions of the world, and Brazil accounts for 12.74% of the world production, followed by Mexico, Nigeria and India. The culture reached a harvested area of 441,042 ha and production of 12,420,585 t worldwide. The largest interest in this fruit relies on its main constituent compounds, like vitamins A, B and C, alkaloids (carpaine and pseudocarpaine), proteolytic enzymes (papain and quimiopapain) and benzyl isothiocyanate, more known as BITC, which has anthelmintic activity. Because of that, the present work has as objective the evaluation of the efficiency and composition of the oil extracted from Carica papaya L. seeds with supercritical carbon dioxide. The experiments were performed in a unit containing mainly a highpressure pump and a stainless steel extractor with 42 mL of volume. The sampling was performed at each 20 min until the saturation of the process. About 6.5 g of sample were fed for each experiment done at 40, 60 and 80 C under the pressures of 100, 150 and 200 bar. Samples of the Carica papaya L. fruit were acquired in a popular market and free for personal use intended for the study. After collection, the seeds were crushed with the help of a pestle, and dried at 60 C for 60 min. For each operational condition, the extraction curves were constructed relating cumulative mass of oil extracted in function of the operational time. The better efficiencies were found at 40 C and 200 bar (1.33%) followed by 80 C and 200 bar (2.56%). Gas chromatography and NMR analysis could identify an insecticide component (BITC) that enables new applications of this residue in pharmaceutical and chemical industries.
Modeling and optimization: Supercritical CO 2 extraction of Pongamia pinnata (L.) seed oil
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2018
Highlights for Review Developed a SFE method for the extraction of Pongamia pinnata (L.) seed oil. Optimized the five influencing parameters via RSM with a "five-factors-three-level" BBD. Independent and interactive effects of five influencing parameters on the CEY. Reduced the extraction time from 24 hrs (for Soxhlet) to 250 min (for SFE). Compared the CEY obtained from Soxhlet extraction (35 %) and SFE method (36%). Instrument analysis of obtained Pongamia pinnata (L.
Changes of bioactive components in berry seed oils during supercritical CO2 extraction
Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 2017
The objective of the work was to elucidate the chemical composition of fractions of oil extracts obtained during the supercritical extraction on a semi-industrial scale from strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.), chokeberry [Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.)], and raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) seeds from industrial press cake. The oil extracts differed in terms of their content of bioactive components: carotenoids, tocopherols, chlorophylls, and fatty acids. Raspberry seed oil was the richest source of tocopherols (620.1-2166.7 mg kg 21) and a-linolenic acid (above 37%). Chokeberry seed oil had the highest content of linoleic acid (above 70%), and a-tocopherol (166.0-1104.8 mg kg 21). Strawberry oil was characterized by the highest content of chlorophylls and a-linolenic acid (above 30%). It was showed that the oil fraction collected at the beginning of extraction is characterized by a high acid value, which requires purification steps to be used for food purposes. Practical applications Strawberry, raspberry, and chokeberry by-products left over from the production of concentrated juice are a valuable source of oils rich in n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, tocopherols, and carotenoids. The research showed that the fractionation of extracts in the course of supercritical extraction leads to oils with varying amounts of different bioactive compounds, and thus to products with potentially wide applications. Seeds oils have high potential utility as a source of unconventional oil for cosmetic and pharmaceutical sectors and biodiesel. Their targeted utilization may be exploited for economic, environmental and health benefits.