Phenotypic Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Clinical Samples of Dogs and Their Owners in Buwaya, Gonin-gora, Kaduna State, Nigeria (original) (raw)
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Folia veterinaria, 2022
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important zoonotic pathogen capable of causing life threatening disease conditions in humans. A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the presence of MRSA in both pet and stray dogs within the Sokoto metropolis. A total of 100 oral swabs comprising 50 each from pet and stray dogs were collected and analyzed using routine bacteriological cultures and molecular identifications. Out of the 100 samples examined, 15 % (15/100) were positive for MRSA with varying detection rates of 9/50 (18 %) and 6/50 (12 %) for the pet and stray dogs respectively. The statistical analysis showed no significant association between the occurrence of MRSA and the dogs (P = 0.401). The study revealed the presence of MRSA in dogs within the Sokoto metropolis, which presents health risks to pet dog owners, veterinarians, dog catchers and other individuals who may come into close contact with these dogs.
Review on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Dogs and Cats
International Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances
Staphylococcal infection is of major importance in both Human and Animals. Some staphylococcal bacteria are Methicillin-resistant. This paper reviews the current information on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in dogs and cats. Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram positive, non-spore forming coccus. It may be found singly, in pairs, in short chains, or in irregular clusters. The colonies are circular, smooth and glistening. Staphylococcus aureus is a major resident or transient colonizer of the skin and the mucosa of human and primates. These organisms occasionally live on domestic animals, although domestic animals are usually colonized by other species of Staphylococci. When Staphylococcus aureus gains entry into the host, it causes variety of infection, from mild skin infection to life threatening invasive infections. Methicillin resistance exhibited by these organisms is due to the acquisition of mecA gene, that encodes new protein designated PBP2a, belonging to the family of enzymes necessary in building the bacterial cell wall. The protein (PBP2a) has a very low affinity for βlactams antibiotics and confers resistance to Methicillin and the other beta-lactams. In developed countries, companion animals have become an integral part of the household. More than 50% of households in the developed and developing countries have pets hence makes Staphylococcus aureus infection an important zoonotic disease. Methicillin resistance has been reported in Staphylococcal species such as Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus intermedius, Staphylococcus schleiferi and Staphylococcus sciuri. Colonization and infection in-patients remain the major reservoir of MRSA in hospitals, while aerosols, inanimate objects, domestic animals and pets could act as reservoirs and transmit MRSA to humans. Conclusively, Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a condition that needs to be given close surveillance due to the zoonotic importance of these bacterial organisms.
Folia Veterinaria
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important zoonotic pathogen capable of causing life threatening disease conditions in humans. A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the presence of MRSA in both pet and stray dogs within the Sokoto metropolis. A total of 100 oral swabs comprising 50 each from pet and stray dogs were collected and analyzed using routine bacteriological cultures and molecular identifications. Out of the 100 samples examined, 15 % (15/100) were positive for MRSA with varying detection rates of 9/50 (18 %) and 6/50 (12 %) for the pet and stray dogs respectively. The statistical analysis showed no significant association between the occurrence of MRSA and the dogs (P = 0.401). The study revealed the presence of MRSA in dogs within the Sokoto metropolis, which presents health risks to pet dog owners, veterinarians, dog catchers and other individuals who may come into close contact with these dogs.
International Journal of One Health, 2020
Aim: The research was to investigate the antibiotic resistance profile and to screen for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from nasal mucosa swab of dogs. Materials and Methods: The samples were collected from three pet clinics, three K9 units, one veterinary teaching hospital, and one kennel in Surabaya. Of the 50 total samples, 24 confirmed S. aureus strains, which were used for antibiotic sensitivity tests using a disk diffusion method and screening of MRSA used oxacillin resistance screening for base (ORSAB). Results: This study showed that there were differences in antibiotic resistance patterns among different locations. Fourteen isolates were screened for MRSA by culture on ORSAB. Conclusion: MRSA carriage was found on nasal swab of dogs, and dogs can act as reservoir of MRSA for spreading to human health.
Characterisation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from dogs and their owners
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 2007
Ten methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from healthy owners and their pets were characterised by susceptibility testing, staphylococcal chromosome cassette (SCC)mec and agr typing, and detection of the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes. Two human and three dog isolates harbouring SCCmec type III appeared to be of hospital origin. The five remaining isolates carried SCCmec type IV, with three being multidrug-resistant. One type IV isolate was PVL-positive and a prototypic agr type 3, typified by strain MW2. This is the first report of this type in association with nasal carriage. Drug resistance may be increasing among community isolates of MRSA.
Pet (dog and cat) animal numbers have substantially increased in modern society. There is concern over transmission of Staphylococcal infection including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) between animals and humans. The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of MRSA from apparently healthy and diseased dog and cat of different veterinary Hospital, clinics and pet animal market in Dhaka city. Samples collected for detection of MRSA were nasal swab, pus and wound swab. Among the 93 samples, 40.86% (n=38/93) were confirmed as positive for S. aureus and4.30% (n=4/93) as MRSA. The detection of MRSA was confirmed phenotypically and also by PCR targeting mec Agene specific for MRSA. All isolates isolated S. aureus were coagulase positive and hence pathogenic. Antibiogram study showed that all these isolates were sensitive to vancomycin and tetracycline. The overall prevalence of MRSA was higher in dog (4.91%) compared to cat (3.13%). The highest prevalence of MRSA (5.88%) was recorded in samples collected from K ataban Pet Animal Market, Dhaka. On sample basis MRSA was higher in nasal swab compared to pus and wound swab. On age basis, the prevalence of MRSA was higher in younger animal compared to older animal. The highest prevalence of S. aureus was found in diseased dog and highest prevalence of MRSA was found in diseased cat. None of the healthy cat was found positive for MRSA. Present study emphasizes that dogs and cats may act as a possible reservoirs for transmission of MRSA to human.
Screening of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus from dogs and cats in Hyderabad Pakistan
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a "superberg", an important cause of human nosocomial and as a universal community-acquired infection cause resistant to β-lactam antibiotics. Till to date no detailed and authentic report on MRSA in nasal swabs of diseased dogs and cats reported. This study was planned to check the presence of MRSA in nasal swabs of dogs and cats. Total 100 samples were collected, and 37 samples were positive with S. aureus in both diseased dogs and cats which were confirmed by their colony characteristic, morphology, gram stain reaction and biochemical properties. These isolates were subjected to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) through Micro broth dilution method by using methicillin in 96 well plates. Among them, 8/37 (21.62%) were found methicillin resistant. In diseased dog, 5/21 (23.80%) and cat 3/16 (18.75%) isolated were found moderately resistant to methicillin as they grew at 32μg/μl concentration of methicillin. mec-A gene in methicillin resistant samples were detected through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This resistance was due to phenotypically and moderate level of the resistance against methicillin with absence of mec-A gene shows that the examined pets were not the reservoir of mec-A gene. However, more studies are recommended to further confirm that, pets are reservoir of mec-A gene or not or this may be due to involvement of sharing mechanism of resistance to penicillin group. So far, this is first study on MRSA in diseased dog and cats, which revealed that, there is no MRSA in this area of Pakistan.
Veterinary World, 2016
Aim: To determine the presence of MRSA in hunting dogs in Maiduguri metropolitan. Materials and Methods: Phenotypic methods used includes microscopic technique, colony morphology study, catalasecoagulase tests, and the use of mannitol salt agar test, oxacillin resistance screening agar base, and antibiotic susceptibility testing methods. Genotypic approach was used for deoxyribonucleic acid extraction, and the presence of nuc and mecA gene was detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Results: Examination of 416 swab samples from nasal and perineal region of dogs revealed a total of 79.5% of S. aureus, where 62.5% of the isolates were MRSA. Molecular analysis revealed that 7nuc genes specific for S. aureus from 20 presumptive MRSA assay were all mecA PCR negative. The isolates were sensitive to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin but proved resistant to cefoxitin and oxacillin. Conclusion: High isolation rate of MRSA was found in hunting dogs. Significant level (p<0.05) of MRSA was isolated in the nasal cavity of hunting dogs than its perineum. Only nuc genes were detected from the MRSA isolates.
Prevalence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococci in Dogs
Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2013
The aim of the study was to investigate the occurence and species distribution of methicillin resistant staphylococci (MRS) in the nasal cavity of dogs. Nasal swabs were collected from 162 dogs entering private veterinary clinics in Hatay. Methicillin resistance was detected onto mannitol salt agar containing 2 µg/ml oxacillin and confirmed by mecA Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Bacterial identification was done using 16S rRNA sequencing. Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing of these isolates were determined by multiplex PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed disk diffusion method and antimicrobial resistance genes were determined by PCR. Methicillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococci (MRCNS) harbouring mecA were isolated from 15.4% (25/162) of dogs. The species identified were S. epidermidis (n=12), S. lentus (n=6), S. hominis (n=4), S. warneri (n=1), S. arlettae (n=1) and S. haemolyticus (n=1). mecA-mediated methicillin resistance in S. arlettae was described for the first time. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) were not detected. SCCmec type I, II, III and IV were identified in 1, 10, 9 and 5 MRS isolates, respectively. The results indicate that continuous surveillance is necessary to determine the emergence of MRS including MRSA.
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 2015
Background: The bacterial genus Staphylococcus consists of many species that causes infections in pet animals. Antimicrobial resistant staphylococci cause infections that are difficult to treat and they are important from the point of one health perspective. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRS) species, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in diseased pet animals (Group A) and kennel dogs (Group B) in Lithuania and to characterize the isolates according to their antimicrobial resistance. Results: Twenty-one MRS isolates were obtained from 395 clinical samples (5.3 %; CI 95 % 3.5-8.0) of Group A animals. Sixteen, four and one isolates were from dogs, cats and a pet rabbit, respectively. The mecA gene was present in 20 isolates, whereas one isolate was positive for the mecC gene. Twenty-one MRS isolates (20.0 %; CI 95 % 13.5-28.6) were obtained from the vagina of female dogs (n = 105) (Group B). All isolates carried the mecA gene. Twelve MRS species were isolated of which S. pseudintermedius was the most common (18/42) followed by S. haemolyticus (8/42) and S. lentus (4/42). MRSA was not found. All MRS strains were susceptible to vancomycin, linezolid, daptomycin and quinupristin/dalfopristin. Resistance to tetracycline (16/21), clindamycin (15/21) and erythromycin (14/21) was the most common types of resistance in Group A animals. Three isolates also demonstrated resistance to rifampin. Resistance toward gentamicin (16/21), ciprofloxacin (15/21), macrolides (15/21) and tetracycline (12/21) was the most common in kennel dogs (Group B). The most common genes encoding resistance to antimicrobials (excluding beta-lactams) in isolates from Group A pets were tetK (21/42), aph(3′)-IIIa (11/42) and aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia (9/42). Conclusions: A wide range of MRS species were found in pet animals in Lithuania. MRSA was not found.