Can Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) through a Ureolytic Pathway Be Successfully Applied for Removing Heavy Metals from Wastewaters? (original) (raw)
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Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development
Industrialization and population growth have increased the emission and buildup environmental heavy metals. These components' bioaccumulations as exposure have been related to a range of illnesses and cancer, and the mechanical and physical properties of soil are altered. The "Microbial Induced Calcite Precipitation" is environmentally green, friend and sustainable method. This review focused on the metal remediation technology's effects and how to make them sustainable and more environmentally friendly. Many bacteria that produces urease, bacillus is a more common type. Bacteria, with sizes ranging from 0.5 to 3.0µm, are the most common microbes found in soils. It is critical to examine the type of soil, Bacterial size, and size of pore throat. The calcium carbonate majority tend to coat the surface of soils with coasrse particles in state of the contact points in soils with particles smaller than bacterial size (heterogeneous and limited precipitation). The bacte...
2015
The possibility of utilisation of microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation as a potential remedial technology for sequestering divalent metallic contaminants in subsurface environment was explored. Contamination by heavy metals and radionuclides is a significant environmental problem. Incorporating metals in calcium carbonate minerals is a mechanism that may offer long-term removal of metallic cations. Stimulating native ureolytic bacteria by supplying required nutrient and chemicals to create alkaline conditions suitable for calcium carbonate precipitation may accelerate biomineralisation processes in polluted soil. This study reports the ability of a bacterium in soils, Sporosarcina pasteurii, to remediate range of heavy metal and radionuclide (by using non-radioactive proxies) concentrations in aqueous solutions and particulate media by inducing urea hydrolysis and calcium carbonate precipitation. However, bacterial activity is limited by heavy metals toxicity and avai...
Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 2021
BACKGROUNDThe recalcitrant nature of lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) to degradation represents a real risk to living creatures and their surrounding ecosystems. Therefore, this study employed ureolytic fungal strain Metschnikowia pulcherrima (29A) and bacterial strain Raoultella planticola (VIP) in their removal using the promising CaCO3 bioprecipitation technique, for the first time.RESULTSOut of 50 isolates, strains 29A and VIP were selected based on their highest ureolytic activity, followed by minimum inhibitory concentration assay using 350 ppm of Pb2+ and Hg2+. Throughout 7 days of incubation at 30 °C and 150 rpm with 108 CFU mL−1 inoculum, the maximum urease activity was 884 and 639 U mL−1 for 29A and VIP at 24 and 30 h of incubation, respectively. Complete removal of Pb2+ was achieved at 42 h (29A) and 90 h (VIP), while Hg2+ was totally removed at 60 h (29A) and 102 h (VIP). Remarkable removal of Ca2+ (>95%) was achieved by the end of the experiments, which would address the h...
Sustainability
This study evaluated the efficacy of enzyme induced calcite precipitation (EICP) in restricting the mobility of heavy metals in soils. EICP is an environmentally friendly method that has wide ranging applications in the sustainable development of civil infrastructure. The study examined the desorption of three heavy metals from treated and untreated soils using ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) and citric acid (C6H8O7) extractants under harsh conditions. Two natural soils spiked with cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) were studied in this research. The soils were treated with three types of enzyme solutions (ESs) to achieve EICP. A combination of urea of one molarity (M), 0.67 M calcium chloride, and urease enzyme (3 g/L) was mixed in deionized (DI) water to prepare enzyme solution 1 (ES1); non-fat milk powder (4 g/L) was added to ES1 to prepare enzyme solution 2 (ES2); and 0.37 M urea, 0.25 M calcium chloride, 0.85 g/L urease enzyme, and 4 g/L non-fat milk powder were...
2021
One of the most recent areas of research in geotechnical and geo-environmental engineering is bio-mineralization, a natural process in living organisms, also known as Microbial Induced Calcite Precipitation. It is the formation of calcium carbonate from a supersaturated solution due to the presence of microbial cells and bio-chemical activities. In the process, microbes secrete metabolic products that reacts with ion in the medium to precipitate minerals. Through this process, soil improvement/remediation have been investigated and proven reliable with minute carbon print as compared to conventional binders. This paper presents an overview on the wide application of Microbial Induced Calcite Precipitation in the areas of geotechnical and geo-environmental engineering with the mechanisms and factors influencing its performance explained. The work has also considered both laboratory and field scale researches conducted in these areas. The key contribution of this work is the compilation of different approaches in soil stabilization and remediation, via urease producing microbes, in single source. It also outlined different treatment dosages based on environmental conditions suitable to soil types.
Bacteria-Induced Calcite Precipitation for Engineering and Environmental Applications
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering
Numerous engineering and environmental issues can be resolved using the bacterial-induced calcite precipitation (BCP), which has the potential to be environmentally friendly, sustainable, and economical. In BCP, bacterial enzymes used substrates and divalent cations to bind negatively charged ions to the bacterial surface and produce biocementation. Various metabolic pathways involved in the calcite precipitation and ureolysis are the principal bacterial pathways that have been illustrated by most bacteria including Sporosarcina pasteurii, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas putida. Ammonia is produced by these bacteria, which is toxic and should be eliminated. Therefore, BCP via carbonic anhydrase could be a preferred option because the end-products are not toxic. The growing global requirement of ground improvement boosted the demand for biostabilization because of its numerous benefits, including environmental issues. Dust suppression, remediated soil contaminants, polychlorinated...
Biomineralization Mediated by Ureolytic Bacteria Applied to Water Treatment: A Review
Crystals, 2017
The formation of minerals such as calcite and struvite through the hydrolysis of urea catalyzed by ureolytic bacteria is a simple and easy way to control mechanisms, which has been extensively explored with promising applications in various areas such as the improvement of cement and sandy materials. This review presents the detailed mechanism of the biominerals production by ureolytic bacteria and its applications to the wastewater, groundwater and seawater treatment. In addition, an interesting application is the use of these ureolytic bacteria in the removal of heavy metals and rare earths from groundwater, the removal of calcium and recovery of phosphate from wastewater, and its potential use as a tool for partial biodesalination of seawater and saline aquifers. Finally, we discuss the benefits of using biomineralization processes in water treatment as well as the challenges to be solved in order to reach a successful commercialization of this technology.
Bioremediation of heavy metal ions from contaminated soil and water by microbes: A review
African Journal of Biological Sciences, 2021
Scientists all over the world are working tirelessly on the management of environmental toxicants and their control over the past two decades due to their injurious effects on plants, animals, and humans. These calcitrants released to the environment from both anthropogenic industries and natural sources can enter the food chain. The removal of such xenobiotic materials such as heavy metals from the soil and water around industrial areas has received great attention nowadays globally. It is, therefore; against this backdrop that this review research was conducted solely to establish the potentials of microorganisms (algae, fungi, bacteria, and plants) in the bio-removal of heavy metals contaminated soils and water. The study revealed that the use of these microbes in the decontamination of the environment cannot be overemphasized hence cost-effective, eco-friendly, and available almost everywhere on planet earth.
Crystals
The development of alternatives to soil stabilization through mechanical and chemical stabilization has paved the way for the development of biostabilization methods. Since its development, researchers have used different bacteria species for soil treatment. Soil treatment through bioremediation techniques has been used to understand its effect on strength parameters and contaminant remediation. Using a living organism for binding the soil grains to make the soil mass dense and durable is the basic idea of soil biotreatment. Bacteria and enzymes are commonly utilized in biostabilization, which is a common method to encourage ureolysis, leading to calcite precipitation in the soil mass. Microbial-induced calcite precipitation (MICP) and enzyme-induced calcite precipitation (EICP) techniques are emerging trends in soil stabilization. Unlike conventional methods, these techniques are environmentally friendly and sustainable. This review determines the challenges, applicability, advanta...
A Mini-Review on Microbially Induced Carbonate Precipitation Via Ureolysis Process
Transactions on Science and Technology, 2018
Microbially induced carbonate precipitation is a relatively new technology that uses biocementation treatment method for the improvement of soils. This process which relies on microbial and chemical reactions to produce biominerals, has drawn the interest of scientists, engineers and entrepreneurs. MICP can be employed for numerous biotechnological and engineering applications. Biocementation is often used as an alternative to conventional chemical treatment techniques (i.e. lime, asphalt, sodium silicate, and cement) for soil enhancement or embarkment. This eco-friendly and energy saving method binds soil particles together at ambient temperature through biominerals (such a calcium carbonate), thereby leading to enhanced strength and stiffness soils. In this review, the fundamentals of MICP, its metabolic processes and its applications are discussed. The challenges facing this technology and recently reported attempts to solve the problems are also discussed.