Steels Technology: Practical Solutions (original) (raw)
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Effect of carburizing on fatigue strength
This research is concerned with the effect of different carburizing mediums on fatigue strength of low carbon alloy steel for its wide industrial applications. All fatigue tests of rotating bending were made in laboratory, the nominal stress was zero . Carburizing was made in the three mediums ( pack , gas and liquid ) under different conditions of time or duration of pack (solid) carburizing .Heat treatment after carburizing included quenching in water and tempering . Carburizing in its three mediums ( pack , gas and liquid ) contributed to the improvement in fatigue strength in different proportions. The degree of improvement depended on the depth (thickness) of the hardened layer and on the microstructure of a carburized steel. It was found that the fatigue strength of low alloy steel with pack carburizing was higher than that of steel with gas and liquid carburizing at 925˚C for 8hr.
First International Conference on Engineering Sciences’ Applications, ICESA, College of Engineering, University of Kerbala, 24-25 /December, 2014
In this research, the effect of powder reinforcement on the natural frequency of unidirectional and woven hyper composite material beam was studied. The study of natural frequency was evaluated with three methods, the first is theoretical method with driving of the general equation of beam motion with shear deformation and rotary inertia effects, the second is driving of the general equation of motion for single degree of freedom beam, and the third is the numerical method with finite element method by using Ansys program Ver. 14. The study included the powder reinforcement volume fraction effect for hyper composite material beams of the following types: unidirectional, woven hyper composite beams with different volume fractions of fiber. Polyester and epoxy materials were used as resin materials for hyper composite materials. The natural frequency results of hyper composite beam with different volume fractions of reinforcement effect showed that the addition of reinforcement powder increases the strength of composite materials, and then, increases the natural frequency of beam. In addition, the evaluated results with theoretical methods and numerical method are compared and it showed a good agreement with maximum error about (1.8%). Keywords – Composite Beam Vibration, Hyper Composite, Theoretical Analysis Beam, Ansys Program Beam, Finite Element Vibration Beam, Powder Reinforcement Effect, Natural Frequency of Beam, Unidirectional Reinforcement Effect, Woven Reinforcement Effect.
Recycling of Aluminum Solid Waste in Diyala Company for Electrical Industries
This research represents a solution for a practical problem that faces most industrial intersperses which produced large quantities of metallic solid wastes as by-products. So the possibility of using these test originated at one of the largest companies in the country (Diyala company for electrical industries) in the reinforcement of some structural sections was evaluated through this research. The results had referred to found that the microstructure of industrial waste , was a needle -shaped particles within the floor of the structure, and therefore that add an element titanium (Ti) leads to a partial modification of the microscopic structure while increasing this component be enough to get the modification process effectively. The results also show that the thermal homogenizing change the shape of the silicon needle or fibrous to spherical shape clearly through the process of homogenizing.
2nd International Conference on Innovations in Natural Science and Engineering, 07-10 September. 2018, Kyiv, Ukraine, 2018
Impact of new microbial bioregulators: Avercom, Avercom nova-2, Violar and Phytovit on induction of callus formation and regeneration of plantlets of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) of cultivar Zimoyarka on the MS nutrient media was studied under in vitro conditions. The increase of frequency of formation of callus cells (from 43 up to 74 %) was observed on the apical meristem of 4-5-day-old seedlings of wheat placed on the MS media supplemented with microbial bioregulators used at the concentrations ranging from 10 up to 60 μl/l in combination with 1 mg/l auxin 2.4-D as compared with lower frequency of formation of callus cells obtained on the MS media supplemented with only auxin 2.4-D used at the concentration 1 mg/l (control). The increase of efficiency of regeneration of wheat shoots (from 35 up to 65 %) was observed on the 3-4-week-old callus tissue grown on the MS media supplemented with microbial bioregulators used at the concentrations ranging from 20 up to 100 μl/l in combination with 1-2 mg/l cytokinin BAP and 0.5-1 mg/l auxin IAA as compared with lower efficiency of regeneration of wheat shoots obtained on the MS media supplemented with 1-2 mg/l cytokinin BAP and 0.5-1 mg/l auxin IAA (control). The rooting of shoots was shown on the MS media supplemented with microbial bioregulators used at the concentrations ranging from 10 up to 100 μl/l. We conducted also physiological and molecular-genetic studies of resistance of wheat plants obtained under in vitro conditions to plant parasitic nematodes. In vitro experiments showed that wheat plants grown on MS media with microbial bioregulators had 20-37 % of infestation with cereal cyst nematode Heterodera avenae, significantly lower when compared with 73 % of infestation of the control plants grown without bioregulators. Bioregulators increased morphometric parameters of the wheat plants obtained under in vitro conditions and further grown under greenhouse conditions on the natural invasive background: stem height increased 13.6-37.5 %, flag leaf length 18.0-19.3 %, ear length 6.8-24.6 %, and ear weight 27.0-54.5 %, when compared with control wheat plants. The difference in the degree of hybridized molecules mRNA and small regulatory si/miRNA from control and experimental wheat plants increased: 15-39 % in plants grown under in vitro conditions on the invasive background created by H. avenae and 33-56 % in seeds of plants grown under greenhouse conditions on the natural invasive background. The silencing activity of si/miRNA from wheat plants grown on MS media with bioregulators increased: 20-51 % in plants grown under in vitro conditions on the invasive background created by H. avenae or 38-64 % in plants grown under greenhouse conditions on the natural invasive background. Our studies confirm the RNAi-mediated resistance to plant nematodes of wheat plants grown under in vitro and greenhouse conditions. Keywords: MS media, phytohormones, microbial bioregulators, wheat callusogenesis and organogenesis, plant resistance to parasitic nematodes, small regulatory si/miRNA.
Effect of Polyethylene on Corrosion Protection of Ductile Cast Iron
Service life can be increased by using effective bondedcoatings as well as polyethylene encasement and cathodic protection. Theindustry experience of users, engineers, coaters, and manufacturers demonstrates that are good enough even in harsh environments. Experimental evaluationsrevealed from various water utilities showed that demonstrates sufficient servicelife and lower maintained costs against alternatives. Now applymodern pipe management systems. Before application several soil parameters such as resistivity/conductivity, moisture content, chloride and sulphide ionsconcentration, redox potential, presence of landfill, fly ash, coal, peat, mine waste,are searched. After that, if necessary required are taken before burying the pipes.
1st International Conference on Recent Trends of Engineering Sciences and Sustainability, 17-18 May, 2017
The Nano particles affect onto the mechanical properties of the materials. This effect leads to an effect on the vibration characteristic of plate structure like the natural frequency, mode shape, the response, and the induced stress in the plate. In this paper a study is done on the composite plate combined of woven reinforcement fiber and polyester resin materials, and then, the effect of Nano particle on to natural frequency and mechanical properties of the plate is investigated. The work included an evaluation of the natural frequency and the mechanical properties (modulus of elasticity) of the composite plate with different Nano particle weight fraction effect, where, the weight fraction studied are (0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1%, from resin materials weight). An experimental study is used to evaluate the mechanical properties and natural frequency of composite materials plate with Nano particle effect, then, depending on this mechanical properties evaluated from the experimental work ; the natural frequency of plate is studied theoretically (analytically and numerically) to compare with the experimental results. A comparison of natural frequency results shows a good agreement between experimental and theoretical work, since the maximum error between its works about (8.73%). Finally, the results show that the Nano particle increasing the natural frequency and mechanical properties of plate materials with higher value at Nano particle weight fraction about (1%).
Mechanical properties of silica, graphite and carbon fiber reinforced composites
— The research aims to study the mechanical properties included impact strength and flexural strength of composite materials consists of epoxy resin with phenolic formaldehyde resin reinforced by graphite or silica particles or both, and reinforced with carbon fibers of a standard format (-90, 0, +90). The results obtained showed that the mechanical properties of epoxy-phenolic formaldehyde resins are enhanced after reinforced by silica, graphite and carbon fiber.
Book_of_Abstracts UMTIK 2016.pdf
The 17th International Conference on Machine Design and Production 12- 15 July 2016, Bursa, Turkiye 9 1 COATING EQUIPMENT FOR MACHINE FROM VINYL ESTERS POLYMERS USING REDOX PEROXY/AROMATIC AMINE INITIATOR (PAPER 80) Farouk DEHMCHI, oussamelz@yahoo.fr , Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba, Algeria, Farhi HALAIMIA, farhinet@yahoo.fr, Badji Mokhtar University,Annaba,Algeria. Tahar CHELLOUFI, chelloufit@yahoo.fr, Badji Mokhtar University,Annaba,Algeria. ABSTRACT Polyvinyl alcohol APV is one of very few high molecular weight commercial polymers that are water soluble, the basic properties of PVA such as water solubility depend on the degree of replacement of acetate groups by hydroxyl groups (degree of hydrolysis) and the degree of polymerization. Vinyl ester resins have been widely recognized as materials with excellent resistance to a wide variety of commonly encountered chemical environments. Vinyl ester resins are used to fabricate a variety of reinforced structures or mechanical equipments .The resin is issued from bulk,solution,or suspension polymerization of a vinyl monomer,vinyl acetate .It has now been found that the use of an initiator system, the hydroxyl-containing aromatic amines and a diacyl peroxide includes, can significantly reduce the odor and, on the basis of the available data, toxicity of the resulting slurry of the beads. Keywords : Polyvinyl acetate PVAc ,Polyvinyl alcohol APV, peroxy/amine catalyst saponification, coating.
Fire retardants for civil structures
Aluminum hydroxide as a coating layer of (4mm) thickness was used to increase the fire retardancy for advanced composite material consist of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) reinforced by carbon fibers .The resultant composite was exposed to a direct gas torch flame with flame exposure intervals 10,15,20mm, and study the range of resistance of retardant material layer to the flames and protected the substrate . The Method of measuring the surface temperature opposite to the flame was used to determined the heat transferred to composite material.
Aircraft tire must withstand and a wide range of operational conditions .When on the ground, it must support the weight of the aircraft. During taxi, it must provide a stable cushioned ride while resisting heat generation, abrasion and wear. When aircraft down ,the tire may be fired because high friction with ground. So to protect aircrafts tires from fires Magnesium hydroxide was used in various quantities (10%,20%,30%) as a flame retardant to enhancement flame retardancy for tires material. Magnesium hydroxide was added with master batch of tire and then exposed the resulting material to a direct flame generated from gas flame (2000ºC) with flame exposure distance (10 mm), and study the range of tire resistance to the flame and the range protected of hydroxide addition . Method of measuring the surface temperature opposite to the flame was used to determine the heat transferred through tire material. The results was obtained from thermal erosion test shows improved flammability resistance for tire by added magnesium hydroxide and this resistance increased by increasing hydroxide percentage .