Pseudomonas aeruginosainfection in hospital: a comparison between ‘infective’ and ‘environmental’ strains (original) (raw)
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an Epidemiological Risk Strains Isolated in Hospital Environment
Pseudomona aeruginosa isolated from hospital environmental surfaces were characterized and produce to different antibiotic resistance and heavy metal concentration, biosurfactants, pyocyanin, biofilms, as well as to measure their tolerance, growth on various carbon sources, antimicrobial resistance and resistance to heavy metals.hemolytic profile, all strains produced mono and dirhamnolipids. Resistant strains could lead to hospital outbreaks because of antibiotic resistance; which also interfere with the treatment program and increases costs to health care institutions. This article could lead to further epidemiological evaluations in clinical environments, due to the risk associated with opportunistic and antibiotic resistance strains
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in patients, hospital means, and personnel's specimens
Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 2012
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common cause of nosocomial infections. It exhibits innate resistance to a wide range of antibiotics. This study was performed to determine clonal characteristic of P. aeruginosa isolated from clinical specimens, hospital means, and hospital personnel by PCR- ribotyping patterns. A total of 104 P. aeruginosa were isolated from clinical and environmental samples (59 clinical, 45 hospital means and hospital personnel). P. aeruginosa was identified by standard bacteriological methods, mucoid colony morphotypes, and antibiotic resistance rate. The genomes of isolates were extracted and all considered species were confirmed by 16S rDNA- based PCR assay. Then all isolates were genotyped by the 16S - 23SrDNA and Hinf1 restriction enzyme technique. Antibacterial sensitivity pattern of isolates showed clinical and environmental specimens were approximately identical (high antibiotic resistance to Ceftazidime and low antibiotic resistance to Amikacin). Colony morpho...
Occurrence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in a Tertiary care Hospital
IOSR Journals , 2019
Pseudomonas has been recognized as an important nosocomial, health care associated pathogen, selected out due to indiscriminate use of antibiotics. They are multidrug resistant, contributing to treatment problems. The present study was undertaken to determine the occurrence of Pseudomonas as a hospital pathogen from various clinical samples and to ascertain its sensitivity pattern along with a clinico-bacteriological correlation. Cultural analysis was undertaken on solid and liquid media. Antimicrobial susceptibility was done using CLSI Guidelines. The occurrence as a hospital pathogen was 3.1%. The male female ratio 1.2: 1. Patients belonged to age groups above 51 years (55.4%). Pus samples yielded the maximum isolates of Pseudomonas (40.2%), followed by endo tracheal tubes (24.5%).Patients with Pseudomonas infection were predominantly from ICU (31.8%), Surgical wards(23.8%) and Burns unit (16.4%). Clinically, patients presented with wound infections (41.2%) and Pneumonia (25.5%). Risk factors identified were patients on ventilator (25.1%), prolonged antibiotic use (16.8%) and urinary catheter (12.9%). Periodic surveillance with knowledge of Pseudomonas isolation rate and susceptibility pattern is essential to guide physicians to choose appropriate antibiotics. This will reduce mortality and morbidity associated with these infections.
American Journal of Infection Control, 2006
Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains are generally resistant to many antibiotics, and nosocomial infections because of this species are one of the major problems in many hospitals. Molecular typing provides very useful information about origin and transmission of the strains. The aims of the present study were to investigate clinical and microbiologic characteristics of the nosocomial infections caused by P aeruginosa strains in a medical center and to bring up the cross-transmission level of this opportunistic pathogen in a university hospital by analyzing the clonal relationship among the isolates. Methods: A total of 105 P aeruginosa strains had been identified among the 80 inpatients in a 1-year period from August 2003 to August 2004. Demographic, clinical, and epidemiologic data of the patients were prospectively recorded. The standardized diskdiffusion method was used to determine resistance of the strains to imipenem, ceftazidime, aztreonam, amikacin, gentamicin, mezlocillin, cefepime, tobramycin, meropenem, ceftriaxone, and ciprofloxacin. Clonal relatedness of the strains was investigated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results: Of the 105 P aeruginosa strains identified, 45 (43%) were isolated from the patients hospitalized in intensive care units. Thirteen patients had repeated pseudomonas infection (total 38 infections/13 patients); 26 of these repeated infections in 9 patients showed the same localization. Half of the patients had at least 1 underlying disease such as burn (48%), chronic illness (32%), and malignancy (20%). Fifty-seven patients (71%) had urinary and/or other catheterization. Urinary tract infection (35%) was the most frequent infection encountered, followed by respiratory tract infection (34%) and sepsis (13%). Resistance to the antibiotics tested was in the 12% to 88% range; amikacin was the most effective and ceftriaxone was the least effective antibiotic. The PFGE typing method showed that 28 of the 80 patients' isolates were clonally related, including 23 indistinguishable or closely related strains (29%), and 5 possibly related strains (6%). Epidemiologic data of the 16 patients (20% of the patients) confirmed a clonal relationship among the strains. Of the 26 isolates of the 9 patients having repeated infection in the same location, 18 (69%) were in the clonally related groups, whereas 11 of the 12 strains isolated from repeated infections on different body sites were clonally different. Conclusion: Our results indicated that P aeruginosa infections in our hospital mainly affected the patients hospitalized in intensive care units and those having catheterization, burn, and/or chronic illness. Amikacin was the best antibiotic as far as bacterial resistance was considered. Although lack of major PFGE type confirmed no P aeruginosa outbreak, typing results showed that cross transmission and treatment failure are the 2 main problems, which should be consider together to prevent this bacterial infection in medical centers.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa: The Alarming Pathogen of Hospital Acquired Infection
IntechOpen eBooks, 2023
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacillus that is ubiquitous. It is found in abundant amount in the environment, especially in moist places. Immunocompetent persons get less infected by P. aeruginosa, while immunocompromised patients get more infected by them. The burn patients, patients with cystic fibrosis, and patients who are dependent on any device like ventilator, intravenous catheter, or indwelling bladder catheter are more prone to acquire the infection. It is the main cause of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Patients with neutropenia are more susceptible to P. aeruginosa infections. P. aeruginosa has got several virulence factors through which they can cause disease. They have got attachment factors like Pilli and enzymes. They are one of the main pathogens of healthcare-associated infection (HAI). As P. aeruginosa is multidrug-resistant so this has got an extra contribution to the fact that they can cause HAI more. Common antibiotics like penicillin, carbapenems, cephalosporins, and all other Beta-lactam drugs along with aztreonams and fluroquinolones are resistant to P. aeruginosa. The proper maintenance of hand hygiene and continuous monitoring of hospital devices can lessen the burden of HAI associated with P. aeruginosa infection.
BMC microbiology, 2005
We correlated genotypes, virulence factors and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of nosocomially identified Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from clinical specimens to those of environmental isolates encountered in the same units of a medical center. Antibiotic susceptibility testing, RAPD analysis and detection of enzymatic activities of extracellular virulence factors, were done on these isolates. Data showed that most of the clinical and environmental isolates were susceptible to tested antimicrobial agents. RAPD analysis determined the presence of 31 genotypes, with genotype 1 detected in 42% of the clinical isolates and 43% of the environmental isolates. Enzymatic activity testing showed that genotype 1 produced all virulence factors tested for. In conclusion, our data demonstrated the predominant prevalence of a potentially virulent P. aeruginosa genotype, circulating in a number of units of the medical center and emphasize the need to reinforce infection control measures.
IJBPR, 2015
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the epitome of an opportunistic pathogen of humans that cause urinary tract infections, respiratory system infection, particularly in victim of severe burns, cancer and AIDS patient who are immunocompromised. Most Pseudomonas infections are both invasive and toxigenic. The particular bacterial determinants of virulence mediate different stages of infection and are ultimately responsible for the characteristic syndromes that accompany the disease. In the present study P. aeruginosa was found to be more prevalent in burn patients (100%) followed by urinary tract infection samples (71%), sputum samples (66%) and wound samples (59%). 85% isolates recovered from clinical samples were mucoid. A total of 35% isolates were strong siderophore producers, 19% isolates were strong protease producers while 52% were strong phospholipase producers. Isolates from burns, sputum and environment sample were strong rhamnolipid producers. Elevated level of hemolysin production was observed in burn, urine and wound isolates. The prominence of haemagglutination ability in environmental isolates followed by burns isolates provided evidence for its being a nosocomial pathogen. The association between virulence determinants and disease can indicate the precise role played by the determinant in estabilishing the disease. Isolates were maximally sensitive towards lactam antibiotics.
Archives of Medical Research, 2004
This study was conducted during the period from February 2010 to February 2011 to correlate the Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from clinical and environmental samples by different methods including biotyping, antibiogram, phenotyping (detection of metallo-B-lactamase enzyme) and also molecular typing throw detection of universal gene of Acinetobacter species. We isolated a total of 51 Acinetobacter species from clinical and environmental samples from different wards and ICUs of Assiut University Hospitals. Biotyping of the isolates were done using API 20NE Index system which identified all clinical & environmental isolatesas Acinetobacter baumannii / calcoaceticus complex. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was determined by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. The highest resistance was to penicillin derivatives (66.7% and 51.9% in clinical and environmental samples respectively). The lowest resistance was to tetracycline (20.8% and 29.6%) and imipenem (29.2% and 33.3% in clinical and environmental samples respectively). Phenotypic detection of Metallo-Blactamase (MBL) was done by double disc synergy test. All the imipenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from clinical and environmental samples expressed MBL phenotypically. Molecular typing by PCR showed that 49 of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from clinical and environmental samples had positive ITS of 602-622bp with an overall sequence similarity of more than96%.These methods supported a close relationship between clinical and environmental isolates and also indicated the important role of hospital environment in spread and transmissibility of multidrug resistant A. baumanii among hospitalized patients.