Tripartite Governance and Employment Policies in Brazil: The Case of the Unemployment Insurance Program (original) (raw)

Chapter 3. The political economy of labour relations regimes under 21st century neo-authoritarian governments – a study of Brazil

Labour Organising under Authoritarian Regimes

Chapter 3. The political economy of labour relations regimes under 21st century neoauthoritarian governments-a study of Brazil Throughout the years, Brazilian workers and their union organizations have faced innumerable challenges, including the truncated transition in the 19 th century from the slave-labour based system of primitive accumula tion to late-developing modern capitalism which deliberately excluded the overwhelming majority of recently emancipated Afro-Brazilians from the formal sector labour market, the establishment of a corporativist labour relations framework in the 1930s which subordinated labour militancy to the interests of the state, and the bloody 1964-1985 military dictatorship which was directly responsible for the extrajudicial assassinations of over 400 union activists (CUT Brasil, 2015). Despite the political advances regis tered since the ratification of the 1988 constitution, and especially under the labour-friendly Workers Party (PT) administrations, the Brazilian labour movement is once again at a crossroads, enduring physical repression, polit ical delegitimization, and institutional decay under the neo-authoritarian Bolsonaro administration. As Brazilians head to the polls in October 2022 to choose between Bolsonaro's re-election or the return of centre-left former President Luiz Inacio 'Lula' da Silva, the results will literally be life or death for a union movement struggling under a situation marked by democratic decline, economic malaise, and the increasing precarization of work. This article will address the principal obstacles to full human and labour-rights compliance that Brazilian workers are presently facing, as well as discuss the role of international mechanisms and transnational solidarity to remedy these grave and systematic rights violations. How Bolsonaro displaced the Workers' Party In order to understand the Brazilian labour movement's current crisis, it is important to briefly analyse how the neo-fascist Bolsonaro administration rose to power, only a handful of years after the widely touted successes of the PT governments in promoting economic growth with social inclusion during the first decade and a half of the 21 st century. In the early 2010s,

Unemployment insurance in Brazil: the possibility of combining social protection and a better labour market functioning

Sase Annals, 2010

Stemming from the welfare state and its connection with the two main types of capitalist economies, Liberal Market Economy and Coordinated Market Economy, the paper discusses the experience of the Brazilian Unemployment Insurance Program. The Program is regarded as a key welfare policy in Brazil and one that enables the combination of social protection and economic performance. In this context, the latter is associated to a better functioning labour market. The main argument of this paper is that the integration of unemployment insurance benefit, employment services and professional training enables the combination of social protection and economic performance. In general, social protection and economic performance have been seen as a trade-off relationship. By drawing on data from a public policy evaluation research of the Brazilian Unemployment Insurance Program, the paper points out the barriers to be overcome in order to achieve the integration between unemployment insurance, professional training and public employment services. Results from research revealed a cleavage between unemployment insurance benefit, professional training and job-brokering. The combination of these three pillars can become a driver in the overcoming of the trade-off relationship in the burgeoning Brazilian welfare state. The Brazilian experience sheds light upon important social policy issues that other countries are facing up to.

Employment Policies in Brazil: History, Scope and Limitations

2010

Although Brazil has had consolidated labour-market institutions since the 1940s, policies to help unemployed workers find a job only began in the 1970s. This was made possible by the creation of the National Employment System (Sistema Nacional de Emprego, SINE). Before that there was only one compensation mechanism for workers who lost their jobs, the Severance Pay Indemnity Fund (Fundo

THE HIDDEN WELFARE STATE IN BRAZIL

Recently, Latin American countries had to face the challenges of achieving social inclusion and economic redistribution as well as consolidating democratic institutions. The author analyses the process of building up a new pattern of welfare state in Brazil, starting from an elitist social insurance model to the challenges of designing a universal institutional social security model in 1988. New governance prototypical arrangements were built in order to respond to the emergent demands of decentralization and social participation. The financial constraints reduce the scope of the national government to implement inclusive policies. In this scenario, the stronger players --be they national and under national government, corporative professionals or international companies --are responsible for a redesign of the welfare model that is far from the one established legally by the Constitution.

The CUT's Experience during the Workers' Party Governments in Brazil (2003–2016) 1

This paper looks at the development of the Unified Workers' Central of Brazil (CUT) during the four consecutive Workers' Party (PT) governments, first under Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and later under Dilma Rousseff. The analysis draws on various aspects of the power resources approach, but focuses specifically on institutional power. The government found it politically difficult to implement a left-wing programme, due to the complex nature of the ruling coalition and its conservative opposition in the broader context of neo-liberal hegemony and financial globalisation. By continuing to establish dialogue with social movements, the PT governments stimulated forms of social participation in developing public policies, reinforcing existing institutions and creating new ones. By using its institutional power, the CUT was able to strengthen its participation in public institutions. There were hardly any substantial debates on labour or employment conducted without the CUT's participation. On the other hand, the privileged spaces in the labour arena did not achieve structural changes capable of redefining the country's development model and the standard of work regulation.

Political Aspects of Unemployment: Brazil's Neoliberal U-Turn (2015)

The purpose of this paper is to examine the recent neoliberal U-turn in Brazil from the conceptual standpoint of Political Economy. Looking at the set of clearly laid-out policy choices made by the Brazilian government under DIlma Rousseff – and the almost as clearly spelled-out political objectives underlying them – provides the necessary explanatory evidence to plot the course that, starting from a situation of improving social welfare and growing prosperity, took Brazil to a situation of deepening recession and rampant unemployment within a relatively short time.

Political Aspects of Unemployment: Brazil's Neoliberal U-Turn

Throughout the world, the reversion of fortune suffered by the Brazilian economy since reaching its zenith as recently as 2010 has confounded shrewd commentators, seasoned analysts and market players alike. As 2015 unfolded, ominous projections ("An Economy on the Brink", "Brazil's Economy Falters" "Worse May Be To Come") were no less widespread than expressions of bewilderment ("Whatever Happened to Brazil", "Brazilian Waxing and Waning", "Brazil's Scandalous Boom to Bust Story"), and, more recently, of alarm ("Goldman Sachs Says Brazil Has Plunged Into ‘An Outright Depression’") concerning the fate of the South American BRIC country. Despite profuse official protestations to the contrary, however, Brazil's afflictions turn out to be of its own making, as it so often proves to be the case. Looking at the set of clearly laid-out policy choices made by the Brazilian government – and the almost as clearly spelled-out political objectives underlying them – should provide enough explanatory evidence to plot the course that, starting from a situation of social welfare and prosperity, took Brazil to situation of recession and rampant unemployment within a relatively short period of time. The purpose of this paper is to examine the recent neoliberal U-turn in Brazil from the conceptual standpoint of Political Economy.

The Brazilian Crisis and the Structural Reforms, the Turn of the Labor Reform a Crise Brasileira e as Reformas Estrurais, a Mudança Da Reforma Do Trabalhista

2019

The world has changed the practices and laws that govern labor relations. Emerging countries that do not keep up with these changes will not be likely to receive direct foreign investments from foreign investors. Brazil has tried to implement some reforms in the labor area, this is a dilemma that its legislators have to face according to society. Economy and work have always been linked. Since the Industrial Revolution, with the replacement of man by machine, the labor market is undergoing profound changes. The competitiveness in the international market, increasingly fierce, requires countries an attitude change regarding its legislation to adapt to these changes and can develop Revista Jurídica vol. 04, n°. 53, Curitiba, 2018. pp. 573-610 DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7701584 _________________________________________ 574 themselves economically and socially, ensuring quality of life for its citizens. The Brazilian State é neoliberal and, welfare policies need to review its labor laws, ...