Estradiol plus progesterone treatment modulates select elements of the proinflammatory cytokine cascade in steers: Attenuated nitric oxide and thromboxane B production in endotoxemia (original) (raw)
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Effect of estradiol and progesterone on lymphocyte and neutrophil functions in steers
Infection and immunity, 1982
Polymorphonuclear leukocyte function and lymphocyte blastogenesis in response to mitogens were evaluated in castrated male cattle after the repeated administration of estradiol or progesterone. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte function was evaluated with the following five parameters: (i) random migration under agarose, (ii) ingestion of 125I-labeled Staphylococcus aureus, (iii) nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, (iv) iodination, and (v) antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. The administration of high dosages of estradiol cypionate produced no measurable effect on the total or differential leukocyte count, neutrophil function, lymphocyte blastogenesis, or blood cortisol levels. The administration of high dosages of progesterone caused a significant enhancement of random migration by neutrophils and a depression of the activity of the myeloperoxidase-H2O2-halide antibacterial system (iodination) of the neutrophil. Progesterone administration did not cause a measurable effect on the...
Journal of Endocrinology, 1998
High doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induce transient hyperglycemia, then chronic hypoglycemia and increased insulin resistance. In addition, appetite is reduced, while body temperature and concentrations of cortisol and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) are elevated. Furthermore, concentrations of GH and IGF-I are reduced in cattle. The objectives of this study were to determine whether a gonadal steroid implant (20 mg estrogen and 200 mg progesterone) given to endotoxemic steers would: (1) reduce hyperglycemia, reduce hypoglycemia, reduce insulin resistance, (2) reduce changes in concentrations of GH and IGF-I, (3) reduce inappetence and reduce concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and (4) reduce fever and concentrations of TNFalpha and cortisol. Holstein steers were assigned within a 2x2 factorial arrangement of treatments as follows (n=5 per group): C/C, no steroid and vehicle; S/C, steroid and vehicle; C/E, no steroid and LPS ...
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using a progesterone-releasing intravaginal device (PRID) for treatment using the Cosynch-72 protocol combined with short term progesterone, which causes the concentration of acute phase markers in heifers. The material for this study consisted of 200 Holstein heifers which were 14-16 months of age and weighed 360-380 kg. In this protocol, blood was taken from the animals 10 days prior to synchronization, on day 0 (the day the PRID was inserted), on day 5 (the day PRID was removed) and on day 8 (the day of artificial insemination). The values of haptoglobin (Hp), ceruloplasmin (CP), albumin, Fe, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) and transferrin saturation (TS) were measured colorimetrically from the serum specimens which were taken. It was determined that the concentration of albumin, CP, Fe, TIBC and TS were similar on day -10 and day 0 (P>0.05) but different on the other days (5 and 8), and that this change was statistically significant (P=0.000). Consequently, it was determined that short term PRID treatment for the aim of synchronization in heifers increased the values of Hp, CP and TIBC, but decreased the concentration of albumin, Fe and TS.
Journal of Reproduction and Development, 2001
It is well known that an injection of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) or its analogue during the mid luteal phase of the estrous cycle induces a rapid decrease in plasma progesterone (P4) concentration, followed by luteolysis in the cow. There is evidence that a potent vasoactive peptide, endothelin-1 (ET-1), is produced in the bovine corpus luteum (CL), and that it is directly involved in luteolysis. We previously found that ET-1 concentrations in the peripheral plasma increase during the period of luteolysis and ovulation in cows. However, it is not clear whether the elevation of peripheral plasma ET-1 concentration observed during luteolysis and ovulation originates exclusively from the ovary and/or CL. Such a profile of plasma ET-1 concentration may be affected by the age of female calves as well as the activity of the ovary. Thus, we aimed to 1) determine in detail the changes in plasma ET-1 and P4 concentrations during the estrous cycle in the cow, 2) investigate plasma changes in ET-1 and P4 concentrations in newborn , 120-day-old and 240-day-old female calves, and 3) examine the effect of luteolytic injection of PGF2α analogue on the plasma ET-1 concentrations in the animals in this study. The peripheral plasma ET-1 concentrations in the cycling cows showed a pulsatile increase. They reached the their highest level (13.66 pg/ml) around the time of luteolysis and estrus, dropped significantly during Days 2-12 (early to mid luteal phase) and Days 13-19 (late luteal phase) (p<0.05), and then increased again on Days 20-22 (p<0.05) when the next estrus appeared. In the peripheral plasma of newborn, 120-day-old and 240-day-old female calves, P4 concentrations remained at low levels (0.1-0.2 ng/ml). ET-1 concentrations in these animals were lower than those in the cycling cows, and remained at low levels throughout the experimental period. Moreover, plasma ET-1 concentrations, unlike those in the cycling cow, did not change after a luteolytic PGF2α injection. In conclusion, the results of the present study gave the first detailed information that plasma ET-1 concentrations increase in a pulsatile manner after the onsets of spontaneous luteolysis and PGF2αinduced luteolysis in cycling cows, but not in female calves. The results suggest that the changes in the plasma ET-1 concentrations during the estrous cycle directly correlate with the cyclic changes in the ovarian function and the uterus.
Roles of Tumor Necrosis Factor- of the Estrous Cycle in Cattle: An In Vivo Study
Biology of Reproduction, 2003
We have suggested in a previous in vitro study that tumor necrosis factor-␣ (TNF␣) plays a role in the initiation of luteolysis in cattle. The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of different doses of TNF␣ on the estrous cycle in cattle by observing the standing behavior and measuring peripheral concentrations of progesterone (P4) during the estrous cycle. Moreover, we evaluated the secretion of P4, oxytocin (OT), nitric oxide (NO), and luteolytic (prostaglandin F 2␣ [PGF 2␣ ] and leukotriene C 4 [LTC 4 ]) and luteotropic (PGE 2) metabolites of arachidonic acid in peripheral blood plasma as parameters of TNF␣ actions. Mature Holstein/Polish black and white heifers (n ؍ 36) were treated on Day 14 of the estrous cycle (Day 0 ؍ estrus) by infusion into the aorta abdominalis of saline (n ؍ 8), an analogue of PGF 2␣ (cloprostenol, 100 g; n ؍ 3) or saline with TNF␣ at doses of 0.1 (n ؍ 3), 1 (n ؍ 8), 10 (n ؍ 8), 25 (n ؍ 3), or 50 g (n ؍ 3) per animal. Peripheral blood samples were collected frequently before, during, and up to 4 h after TNF␣ treatment. After Day 15 of the estrous cycle, blood was collected once daily until Day 22 following the first estrus. Lower doses of TNF␣ (0.1 and 1 g) decreased the P4 level during the estrous cycle and consequently resulted in shortening of the estrous cycle (18.8 ؎ 0.9 and 18.0 ؎ 0.7 days, respectively) compared with the control (22.3 ؎ 0.3 days, P Ͻ 0.05). One microgram of TNF␣ increased the PGF 2␣ (P Ͻ 0.001) and NO (P Ͻ 0.001) concentrations and decreased OT secretion (P Ͻ 0.01). Higher doses of TNF␣ (10, 25, 50 g) stimulated synthesis of P4 (P Ͻ 0.001) and PGE 2 (P Ͻ 0.001), inhibited LTC 4 secreton (P Ͻ 0.05), and consequently resulted in prolongation of the estrous cycle (throughout 30 days, P Ͻ 0.05). Altogether, the results suggest that low concentrations of TNF␣ cause luteolysis, whereas high concentrations of TNF␣ activate corpus luteum function and prolong the estrous cycle in cattle.
Roles of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α of the Estrous Cycle in Cattle: An In Vivo Study1
Biology of Reproduction, 2003
We have suggested in a previous in vitro study that tumor necrosis factor-␣ (TNF␣) plays a role in the initiation of luteolysis in cattle. The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of different doses of TNF␣ on the estrous cycle in cattle by observing the standing behavior and measuring peripheral concentrations of progesterone (P4) during the estrous cycle. Moreover, we evaluated the secretion of P4, oxytocin (OT), nitric oxide (NO), and luteolytic (prostaglandin F 2␣ [PGF 2␣ ] and leukotriene C 4 [LTC 4 ]) and luteotropic (PGE 2) metabolites of arachidonic acid in peripheral blood plasma as parameters of TNF␣ actions. Mature Holstein/Polish black and white heifers (n ؍ 36) were treated on Day 14 of the estrous cycle (Day 0 ؍ estrus) by infusion into the aorta abdominalis of saline (n ؍ 8), an analogue of PGF 2␣ (cloprostenol, 100 g; n ؍ 3) or saline with TNF␣ at doses of 0.1 (n ؍ 3), 1 (n ؍ 8), 10 (n ؍ 8), 25 (n ؍ 3), or 50 g (n ؍ 3) per animal. Peripheral blood samples were collected frequently before, during, and up to 4 h after TNF␣ treatment. After Day 15 of the estrous cycle, blood was collected once daily until Day 22 following the first estrus. Lower doses of TNF␣ (0.1 and 1 g) decreased the P4 level during the estrous cycle and consequently resulted in shortening of the estrous cycle (18.8 ؎ 0.9 and 18.0 ؎ 0.7 days, respectively) compared with the control (22.3 ؎ 0.3 days, P Ͻ 0.05). One microgram of TNF␣ increased the PGF 2␣ (P Ͻ 0.001) and NO (P Ͻ 0.001) concentrations and decreased OT secretion (P Ͻ 0.01). Higher doses of TNF␣ (10, 25, 50 g) stimulated synthesis of P4 (P Ͻ 0.001) and PGE 2 (P Ͻ 0.001), inhibited LTC 4 secreton (P Ͻ 0.05), and consequently resulted in prolongation of the estrous cycle (throughout 30 days, P Ͻ 0.05). Altogether, the results suggest that low concentrations of TNF␣ cause luteolysis, whereas high concentrations of TNF␣ activate corpus luteum function and prolong the estrous cycle in cattle.
international journal of veterinary science, 2015
The aim of the present investigation was to compare the efficacy of the steroids administered by inhalation and parenteral route in lambs with experimentally induced endotoxemia. In this study, 19 lambs were used at 2 months of age. Seven groups were designed as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (n=3), LPS+budesonide (BUD) (n=3), LPS+BUD+enrofloxacin (ENR)+trimethoprim-sulfadoxine (TM-SD) (n=3), LPS+dexamethasone (DEX) (n=2), LPS+DEX+ENR+TM-SD (n=2), LPS+flunixine meglumine (FM)+ENR+TM-SD (n=3), and control (n=3). While increase in serum tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in LPS group was found, significant decrease in serum TNF-α in all treatment groups was determined (P<0.05). Serum IL-6 level in LPS+BUD and LPS+BUD+ENR+TM-SD groups reached the level of control group compared to that of other groups (P<0.05). While lung tissue malondialdehyde level (MDA) in the LPS group increased, MDA level of all treatment groups reached the level of control group ...
Veterinary Research, 2006
In the period around parturition, cows experience an increased susceptibility for the development of Escherichia coli mastitis. This increased susceptibility has been correlated with a decreased functionality of neutrophils. In the current study, it is suggested that the decreased neutrophil functionality may be induced by the extensive alterations in sex steroid levels occurring around parturition. It was first hypothesized that 17β-estradiol and progesterone influence the viability, apoptosis and necrosis of blood neutrophils from cows in their last month of gestation. Subsequently, it was hypothesized that 17β-estradiol modulates the expression of CD11b, CD18 or CD47 thereby explaining its influence on the migration of bovine neutrophils. Neither 17β-estradiol nor progesterone significantly influenced viability, apoptosis or necrosis in spontaneous apoptosis conditions. However, when apoptosis was induced with TNF-α and gliotoxin, progesterone exerted a survival effect (P < 0.05). In addition, 17β-estradiol treatment of bovine blood neutrophils significantly decreased the expression of CD47 (P < 0.05) but not of CD11b or CD18. It can be concluded that 17β-estradiol and progesterone do not affect spontaneous apoptosis of bovine blood neutrophils while a survival effect was observed for progesterone on induced neutrophils apoptosis. Moreover, our results concerning the influence of 17β-estradiol on the CD11b, CD18 and CD47 expression extend previous demonstrations of the suppressive effect of 17β-estradiol on neutrophils migration and indicate that the altered expression of CD47 may contribute to this phenomenon. sex steroid / β 2-integrin / CD47 / viability / polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocyte
Journal of Dairy Science, 2019
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of repeated intravenous lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusions in nonlactating heifers on (1) the systemic proinflammatory state as measured by biomarkers in blood and plasma, and (2) endometrial gene expression of candidate transcripts on d 15 of gestation. Our hypothesis was that target transcripts related to a major functional group would be negatively modified in the preimplantation endometrium by the LPS treatments. In the first experiment (n = 13), a systemic proinflammatory state [defined as increased plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and haptoglobin for 2 wk] was established using 2 different sequential LPS infusion protocols. In the second experiment, heifers (n = 22; 11 mo of age) had their time of ovulation synchronized by a modified Ovsynch protocol and were enrolled in 1 of 2 treatments: control (CON; n = 11), which received sterile saline solution i.v., and LPS treatment (LPS; n = 11), submitted to repeated i.v. LPS injections (0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, and 1.25 µg/kg) starting 2 d after artificial insemination (AI; d 0) and then every other day until d 15 after AI. At each LPS injection, rectal temperatures were measured hourly for 6 h. Blood samples were collected from d −1 to d 13 for analyses of progesterone, TNF-α, and haptoglobin in plasma, along with white blood cell (WBC) count and differential analysis. On d 15, endometrium tissue biopsies were taken and kept at −80°C until quantitative realtime PCR analysis of 30 target transcripts related to the immune system, adhesion molecules, and endometrium receptivity. Data were checked for normality and analyzed by repeated-measures ANOVA using PROC UNIVARIATE and PROC MIXED of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). After each LPS injection, temperature was greater in the first 4 h in the LPS group compared with CON. Both TNF-α and haptoglobin increased in the LPS treatment with a significant treatment by day interaction. Total leukocyte count did not differ between treatments, but the differential count increased for neutrophils, band cells, and monocytes, and decreased for lymphocytes and eosinophils in LPS compared with CON. Progesterone concentrations in plasma did not differ between treatments during the experimental period. Out of 30 target genes analyzed, 3 transcripts were differentially expressed: indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO; fold-change = 0.48) and pentraxin-3 (PTX3; fold-change = 0.38) were downregulated, whereas myxovirus-resistance protein (MX1; fold-change = 2.85) was upregulated in the LPS group. Sequential LPS injections were able to induce a prolonged systemic proinflammatory state, but effects on gene expression were limited to transcripts associated with the immune system. These results suggest that a mechanism for subfertility is linked to a proinflammatory state in dairy heifers.