Das Retabel von Hohenaspe (original) (raw)
Related papers
Mittelalterliche Retabel in Hessen. Ed. U. Schütte, H. Locher, K. Niehr, J. Sander & X. Stolzenburg, vol. 2, Petersberg 2019, pp. 176-181.
E.T.A. Hoffmann-Handbuch. Leben – Werk – Wirkung, 2015
Die Erzählung wurde unter dem Titel “Ein Brief von Hoffmann an Herrn Baron de la Motte Fouqué” erstmals im Frauentaschenbuch für das Jahr 1818 publiziert. Ein Jahr später, 1819, wird die Erzählung ohne Titel in den ersten Band der Serapions-Brüder aufgenommen. Für die unkonventionelle Figur des geigenzerlegenden Juristen Krespel dienten dem Autor unterschiedliche Personen als Vorbild, so etwa der Frankfurter Rat Johann Bernhard Crespel und der Berliner Mechaniker Carl Philipp Heinrich Pistor (vgl. Haase 1987).
Die Roemer auf den Paessen der Ostalpen
2004
"The present study describes the history and the archaeological evidence of the passes and mountain roads in the eastern Alps from the beginning of Roman influence in the 1st half of the 2nd century BC to late antiquity. Based on ancient literary sources, which describe the Alps, their geography, their economic system and their political history, this study is an extension of research by ancient historians, who explored the slow expansion of the Roman Empire into the eastern Alps, and the special relationship between ancient human beings and the hostile environment of the high alpine regions. Ancient writers handed down the knowledge of their time about the extension, the height and form of the Alps. In addition to that, we have the names of the most important passes, mountain ranges and rivers, as well as descriptions of the typical products of the alpine regions from cheese to ferrum Noricum. There are also descriptions of the harsh climate and various dangers that faced travellers willing to make the journey over the Alps. These dangers effected special religious behaviour and rites on top of the passes in hopes of attaining the mercy of the gods. While Roman trade relations had already expanded from Aquileia since the 1st half of the 2nd century BC into the eastern Alps, the leading political groups in Rome showed little interest in that area and pushed ahead a very defensive policy which tried to define the Roman border along the first mountain ranges of the Carnian and Julian Alps. That policy was changed only near the end of the 1st century BC and between 15 BC and the middle of the 1st century AD, when the eastern Alps were integrated into the Roman Empire. From that moment, the first big street building programs were carried out, beginning with the renowned Via Claudia Augusta. Until the first Marcomannic invasions 160-180 AD, a heavy road net was build, mainly determined by economic considerations. During this period, not only are there archaeological traces on the most important passes used by the cursus publicus, but also on many smaller passes used by local traffic. Unfortunately, the fully developed Roman road system allowed access to the Germans, who invaded as far as northern Italy, crossing the pass Ad Pirum in the Julian Alps. Nevertheless, emperors like Septimius Severus carried out new road building projects and renewed the old traffic lines in Raetia and Noricum, until c. 270 AD, when the Roman Empire fell into general crisis and certain important roads were deserted and not maintained for many years. In late antiquity, with the reforms of Emperor Diocletian, the situation stabilized for many decades. A new phenomenon can be observed along different passes: the building of fortification systems and walls to protect the entrances to Italy. At the end of the 4th century AD, the final deterioration of the roman road system begins and Roman traffic came to a nearly complete end with the destruction of Aquileia in 452 AD. From numerous passes in the eastern Alps we have Roman evidence and small finds: stations along the most important connections like Immurium under the Radstädter Tauern pass (Salzburg), several milestones, well preserved remains of Roman road constructions as on the Korntauern and Mallnitzer Tauern, exact dated streets like in the Via Claudia Augusta in the Lermooser Moos (Tirol), street building inscriptions like on the Plökenpass (Venetia – Carinthia), sanctuaries and shrines with small cultic statues in high alpine regions like at the Hochtor under the Großglockner (Salzburg) or large fortification systems like on the pass Ad Pirum (Slovenia). This evidence shows a very diverse picture of Roman life in the highest areas of the eastern Alps and it can be compared easily with the much more famous evidence from the passes of the western Alps."