Superfluidity of Bosonic Atoms in Multi-Band Optical Lattices (original) (raw)
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Influence of trapping potentials on the phase diagram of bosonic atoms in optical lattices
2004
We study the effect of external trapping potentials on the phase diagram of bosonic atoms in optical lattices. We introduce a generalized Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian that includes the structure of the energy levels of the trapping potential, and show that these levels are in general populated both at finite and zero temperature. We characterize the properties of the superfluid transition for this situation and compare them with those of the standard Bose-Hubbard description. We briefly discuss similar behaviors for fermionic systems.
Physical Review A, 2006
For systems of interacting, ultracold spin-zero neutral bosonic atoms, harmonically trapped and subject to an optical lattice potential, we derive an Extended Bose Hubbard (EBH) model by developing a systematic expansion for the Hamiltonian of the system in powers of the lattice parameters and of a scale parameter, the lattice attenuation factor. We identify the dominant terms that need to be retained in realistic experimental conditions, up to nearest-neighbor interactions and nearestneighbor hoppings conditioned by the on site occupation numbers. In mean field approximation, we determine the free energy of the system and study the phase diagram both at zero and at finite temperature. At variance with the standard on site Bose Hubbard model, the zero temperature phase diagram of the EBH model possesses a dual structure in the Mott insulating regime. Namely, for specific ranges of the lattice parameters, a density wave phase characterizes the system at integer fillings, with domains of alternating mean occupation numbers that are the atomic counterparts of the domains of staggered magnetizations in an antiferromagnetic phase. We show as well that in the EBH model, a zero-temperature quantum phase transition to pair superfluidity is in principle possible, but completely suppressed at lowest order in the lattice attenuation factor. Finally, we determine the possible occurrence of the different phases as a function of the experimentally controllable lattice parameters.
Superfluid and Fermi-liquid phases of Bose-Fermi mixtures in optical lattices
Physical Review A, 2009
We describe interacting mixtures of ultracold bosonic and fermionic atoms in harmonically confined optical lattices. For a suitable choice of parameters we study the emergence of superfluid and Fermi liquid (non-insulating) regions out of Bose-Mott and Fermi-band insulators, due to finite Boson and Fermion hopping. We obtain the shell structure for the system and show that angular momentum can be transferred to the non-insulating regions from Laguerre-Gaussian beams, which combined with Bragg spectroscopy can reveal all superfluid and Fermi liquid shells.
Physical Review A, 2009
We study the Bose-Hubbard model using the finite size density matrix renormalization group method. We obtain for the first time a complete phase diagram for a system in the presence of a harmonic trap and compare it with that of the homogeneous system. To realize the transition from the superfluid to the Mott insulator phase we investigate different experimental signatures of these phases in quantities such as momentum distribution, visibility, condensate fraction and the total number of bosons at a particular density. The relationships between the various experimental signatures and the phase diagram are highlighted.
Criterion for bosonic superfluidity in an optical lattice
Physical review letters, 2007
We show that the current method of determining superfluidity in optical lattices based on a visibly sharp bosonic momentum distribution n(k) can be misleading, for even a normal Bose gas can have a similarly sharp n(k). We show that superfluidity in a homogeneous system can be detected from the so-called visibility (v) of n(k)--that v must be 1 within O(N(-2/3)), where N is the number of bosons. We also show that the T=0 visibility of trapped lattice bosons is far higher than what is obtained in some current experiments, suggesting strong temperature effects and that these states can be normal. These normal states allow one to explore the physics in the quantum critical region.
Superfluid Dynamics of a Bose-Einstein Condensate in a Quantum Optical Lattice
arXiv (Cornell University), 2007
We study the effect of a one dimensional optical lattice in a cavity field with quantum properties on the superfluid dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate(BEC). In the cavity the influence of atomic backaction and the external driving pump become important and strongly modify the optical potential. Due to the strong coupling between the condensate wavefunction and the cavity modes, the cavity light field develops a band structure. This study reveals that the pump and the cavity emerges as a new handle to control the superfluid properties of the BEC.
High-Temperature Superfluidity of Fermionic Atoms in Optical Lattices
Physical Review Letters, 2002
The experimental realizations of degenerate Bose and Fermi atomic samples have stimulated a new wave of studies of quantum many-body systems in the dilute and weakly interacting regime. The intriguing prospective of extending these studies into the domain of strongly correlated phenomena is hindered by the apparent relative weakness of atomic interactions. The effects due to interactions can, however, be enhanced if the atoms are confined in optical potentials created by standing light waves . The present Letter shows that these techniques, when applied to ensembles of cold fermionic atoms, can be used to dramatically increase the transition temperature to a superfluid state and thus make it readily observable under current experimental conditions. Depending upon carefully controlled parameters, a transition to a superfluid state of Cooper pairs [9], antiferromagnetic states [10] or more exotic d-wave pairing states can be induced and probed. The results of proposed experiments can provide a critical insight into the origin of high-temperature superconductivity in cuprates .
arXiv (Cornell University), 2007
In a one dimensional shallow optical lattice, in the presence of both cubic and quintic nonlinearity, a superfluid density wave, is identified in Bose-Einstein condensate. Interestingly, it ceases to exist, when only one of these interaction is operative. We predict the loss of superfluidity through a classical dynamical phase transition, where modulational instability leads to the loss of phase coherence. In certain parameter domain, the competition between lattice potential and the interactions, is shown to give rise to a stripe phase, where atoms are confined in finite domains. In pure two-body case, apart from the known superfluid and insulating phases, a density wave insulating phase is found to exist, possessing two frequency modulations commensurate with the lattice potential.
Quantum theory of cold bosonic atoms in optical lattices
Physical Review A, 2011
Ultracold atoms in optical lattices undergo a quantum phase transition from a superfluid to a Mott insulator as the lattice potential depth is increased. We describe an approximate theory of interacting bosons in optical lattices which provides a qualitative description of both superfluid and insulator states. The theory is based on a change of variables in which the boson coherent state amplitude is replaced by an effective potential which promotes phase coherence between different number states on each lattice site. It is illustrated here by applying it to uniform and fully frustrated lattice cases but is simple enough that it can be applied to spatially inhomogeneous lattice systems.
Superfluid properties of a Bose–Einstein condensate in an optical lattice confined in a cavity
Optics Communications, 2008
We study the effect of a one dimensional optical lattice in a cavity field with quantum properties on the superfluid dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate(BEC). In the cavity the influence of atomic backaction and the external driving pump become important and modify the optical potential. Due to the coupling between the condensate wavefunction and the cavity modes, the cavity light field develops a band structure. This study reveals that the pump and the cavity emerges as a new handle to control the superfluid properties of the BEC.