Reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and cost by shipping at lower speeds (original) (raw)

Energy Policy, 2011

Abstract

... B vessel beam (maximum width) of the vessel at the waterline, m C cost per freight unit, USD/ton nautical mile C HFO cost for heavy fuel oil per ton, USD/ton C IR the annual interest rate as calculated by industry or financial institutions, % C M export value per ton of transported ...

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