Food Habits, Lifestyle, and NCDs Among the Garo Indigenous People: An Urban Population in Transition (original) (raw)
Related papers
Health and Nutrition in Urban Bangladesh: Social Determinants and Health Sector Governance
2018
Bangladesh has made remarkable progress on the health and nutrition-related Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), with major achievements in increasing immunization rates and reducing the rates of undernutrition, infant and under-five mortality, maternal mortality, and communicable diseases. Building on these successes, Bangladesh has now committed itself to achieving universal health coverage by 2032. Realizing this ambitious goal will require Bangladesh to intensify its efforts to address the unfinished agenda of communicable diseases and maternal and child health issues while also tackling newer health challenges, such as noncommunicable diseases, climate change, and urbanization. Urbanization is occurring rapidly in Bangladesh, accompanied by the proliferation of slum settlements, whose residents have special health-related needs given the adverse social, economic, and public environmental conditions they face. Health and nutrition policies and programs over the past 45 years have focused largely on the provision of rural health services. Consequently, equitable access of urban populations-and the urban poor, in particular-to quality health and nutrition services has emerged as a major development issue. The knowledge base on urban health and nutrition in Bangladesh is also weak. To address the knowledge gap, this report examines the health and nutrition challenges in urban Bangladesh-looking at socioeconomic determinants in general and at health-sector governance in particular. Using a mixed methods approach, the study identifies critical areas such as financing, regulation, service delivery, and public environmental health, among others that require policy attention. The report also proposes specific actions within and outside the health sector to address the issues, providing guidance on their sequencing and specific responsibilities of government agencies and other actors. In sum, many of the substantial health-sector gains made by Bangladesh may well be compromised if urban health and nutrition challenges are not tackled. The same commitment that the country showed in realizing the MDGs is now needed to address the health and nutrition needs of urban populations. We hope that this report is valuable to policy makers and practitioners working on urban health and nutrition issues in Bangladesh, the South Asia region, and elsewhere, This report was prepared by Ramesh Govindaraj, Dhushyanth Raju, Federica Secci, Sadia Chowdhury, and Jean-Jacques Frere, with substantive contributions by Kyoung Yang Kim, Quynh T. Nguyen, and Naihan Yang to the quantitative research and by Aniere E. Khan to the qualitative research. The report team expresses its gratitude to several individuals and organizations for their support and guidance: the government of Bangladesh, mainly the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and the Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development, and Cooperatives; the report's Advisory Panel, consisting of
Health and nutrition in urban Bangladesh : social determinants and governance
2017
Urbanization is occurring at a rapid pace in Bangladesh, accompanied by the proliferation of slum settlements, whose residents have special health needs given the adverse social, economic, and public environmental conditions they face. Over the past 45 years, the country's health and nutrition policies and programs have focused largely on rural health services. Consequently, equitable access of urban populations—particularly the urban poor—to quality health and nutrition services has emerged as a major development issue. However, the knowledge base on urban health and nutrition in Bangladesh remains weak. To address the knowledge gap, Health and Nutrition in Urban Bangladesh: Social Determinants and Governance examines the health and nutrition challenges in urban Bangladesh—looking at socioeconomic determinants in general and at health sector governance in particular. Using a mixed methods approach, the study identifies critical areas such as financing, regulation, service deliv...
This study investigates the health and health-seeking behaviour of the indigenous population of Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh by surveying 2,550 randomly selected households from five major ethnic groups residing in the region. A structured questionnaire was used for collecting data. Morbidity prevalence (23%) and child malnutrition (19%) was highest among Bangalis. Fever (40 %), diarrhoeal diseases (37%) and malaria (16%) were the three most common illnesses reported among the study population. Around fifteen percent of the Bangalis sought care from the paraprofessionals while 'unqualified' allopaths were consulted more frequently by the Tripuras, Chakmas and the Marmas (60-70%). Qualified allopaths were mostly consulted by the Bangalis (26%). Sex, types of illness, ethnicity, household head's education and household's landholding were significant predictors of seeking treatment, and allopathic treatment in particular. The findings on the differential health and healthseeking behaviour among ethnic groups should help in the designing of any future health interventions in the area. Asia Pac J Public Health 2001; 13(2): 100-108
Health Policy, 2011
Objective: This paper reviews existing NCD programs in Bangladesh and identifies key priorities for the country to help address the NCD burden. Methods: To identify existing chronic disease programs in Bangladesh, country experts were interviewed and literature searches were conducted in PubMed and Ovid Medline (January 1970 to June 2009) for potentially relevant studies focused on tobacco-related illnesses, diabetes or cardiovascular disease. Programs not being implemented at the time of the study were excluded. Programs underway at the time of the study were included. Results: Bangladesh has a total of 11 NCD programs at varying levels of development. Roughly half of the programs involved diabetes; three addressed the reduction of primary risk factors and about half provided infrastructure (e.g., hospitals or clinics) for NCD services or health professional training. The programs were roughly divided between the government and nongovernment organizations (NGOs). Conclusions: The Bangladeshi government and non-government organizations have taken several steps to implement appropriate NCD programs, but there are many areas where efforts could be enhanced or strengthened. Key among them is improved monitoring and evaluation of NCD programs and the development of nationally representative NCD surveillance data which includes prevalence and associated risk factors.
Nutrition, Health and Demographic Survey of Bangladesh-2011
2013
A Preface 3 B Contents 4 C List of tables and figures 5 Chapter-1: Introduction 7 Chapter-2 : Organization of the NHDSBD-2011 2.1 Sampling design 8 2.2 Questionnaire development 9 2.3 Training and fieldwork 9 2.4 Data management and processing 9 2.5 Coverage of sample 9 Chapter-3 : Key Findings from NHDSBD-2011 3.1 Socioeconomic profile of the household 3.2 Food security 3.3 Sanitation and hygiene 3.4 Child health and nutrition 3.5 Maternal health 3.6 Nutritional status of the household members 3.7 Family planning 3.8 Women empowerment 3.9 Domestic violence 3.10 AIDS/STDs/STIs/TB/NCDs related knowledge, attitude and prevalence References 37 Annexes Technical Advisory Committee 38 Technical Working Group 38 Research Team 39 Contents 3 Key Findings from NHDSBD-2011 3.1 Socioeconomic profile of the household This section provides information on the social, economic and demographic characteristics of the households included in the NHDSBD-2011. It presents information on household population characteristics such as household composition, family size, housing condition, household income and expenditure, source of light and electricity. This information is intended to assist in the assessment of the representativeness of the survey.
Nagoya journal of medical science, 2018
The increasing burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in Bangladesh can be attributable to rapid urbanization and coinciding changes in lifestyle accompanied by nutrition transition. The objective of this study is to explore respondents' lived experiences and perceptions relating to NCDs and nutrition change in an urban slum community in Dhaka. Qualitative methods were employed to explore a general understanding of behavior related to NCDs among residents of the slum community. We conducted key informant interviews of six men and seven women of various backgrounds and five focus group discussions to focus salient topics emerged from the interviews. The transcriptions of the audio-recordings were thematically analyzed, using the constant comparison method. Four major themes emerged: (1) financial hardship influencing health; (2) urbanized lifestyle affecting diet; (3) tobacco and sweetened tea as cornerstones of social life; and (4) health-seeking behavior utilizing local reso...
Introduction: Indigenous peoples are among the most marginalized peoples in the world due to issues relating to well-being, political representation, and economic production. The research consortium Goals and Governance for Global Health (Go4Health) conducted a community consultation process among marginalized groups across the global South aimed at including their voices in the global discourse around health in the post-2015 development agenda. This paper presents findings from the consultations carried out among indigenous communities in Bangladesh. Methods: For this qualitative study, our research team consulted the Tripura and Mro communities in Bandarban district living in the isolated Chittagong Hill Tracts region. Community members, leaders, and key informants working in health service delivery were interviewed. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis.
Bangladesh - Quest for a healthy Bangladesh : a vision for the twenty-first century
1999
This paper has been developed as an extension of an earlier consultation which Henry Perry carried out for the World Bank which was entitled Innovative Approaches to Delivering the Essential Package of Health and Family Planning Services at the Outreach/Community Level: Experiences, Lessons, and Recommendations (Perry, 1997). As Bangladesh enters the new millennium, now seems to be an appropriate moment to review activities which are emerging in the quest to achieve "health for all" and the challenges which lie ahead. This paper is adapted from Perry's book entitled Health for All in Bangladesh: Lessons in Primary Health Care for the Twenty First Century, published by University Press, Ltd., of Dhaka. The book provides an in-depth assessment of numerous health and family planning activities underway in Bangladesh. This working paper highlights some of the emerging activities and challenges which lie ahead and which are discussed more fully in the book. The author expresses his thanks to the many people who encouraged and assisted him in this task. He is grateful to Ms.
Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2008
An extensive survey study was carried out on different aspects of health management practices of the Garo communities in Bangladesh to assess their actual health status. The study was carried out on 1205 respondents out of 40,173 Garo people of the study area of greater Mymensingh district. The study revealed that Garos enjoy a better health status than the common Bengali community. It was also observed that traditional cultural practices have great influence on the health management of the Garos. Many of the Garos think that diseases result from the dissatisfaction of the gods and goddesses or curses of the evil spirits. Thus they sacrifice animals to please the spirits to get relief of their diseases. Almost all the Garos use tube well (53.69%) or puller pump (44.81%) water for drinking, bathing and cleaning purposes. Every family has a latrine. Almost everybody is concerned about regular dental care and half of the Garos are concerned about family planning. Garos eat a wider variety of foods including natural plants as vegetables, some of which have medicinal values. Traditionally Garos are fond of drinking wine, prepared from boiled rice. The study also revealed that the Garos are generally less attacked by diseases than the common Bengali people. This may be attributed to their better living environment, food habits, cleanliness, hard work in the fields and sufficient rest after work and, after all, consciousness about health and diseases. But yet, diseases are quite common in this community; the most common one being Malaria. Most of the Garos take treatment from their traditional health practitioners although treatment of modern Allopathic system is available in the local Christian hospitals. About 55.68% of the Garos expressed their firm faith on their traditional treatment systems. In spite of some superstitions about diseases and health, the overall health status of the Garos is comparatively better than the majority of the mainland Bengali community.