Mineralogical, chemical and electrochemical attributes of soils (original) (raw)
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Chemical Soil Attributes in Different Use Systems, Itacoatiara-Am, Brazil
Folia Amazónica
The use of soil to implement several management systems, such as agriculture, livestock farming and agroforestry activities contribute to the depletion of the soil and the forest, reducing or increasing the levels of soil chemical attributes, such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, and phosphorus and increase or decrease of active (pH) or exchangeable (Aluminum) acidity. This study aimed to evaluate macronutrients (calcium - Ca2+, magnesium - Mg2+, potassium - K+ and phosphorus - P), as well as aluminum - Al3+ and soil pH, under use systems: agroforestry system - SAFs and pasture - PA, comparing them to Primary Forest - PF, in the Rosenthal community in Itacoatiara-AM, Brazil. The soils were sampled in layers 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm deep, with samples composed of six single samples each. The distribution of nutrient contents (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ , and P) considering the 0-10 and 10-20 cm layers showed little variation, except for phosphorus, which obtained the highest concentration in the pr...
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science, 2012
Problems of soil limiting factors affecting crop growth were not fully understood owing to little attention has been given to soil mineralogy and its association to soil chemical properties. The objective of the study was to assess soil mineralogical and chemical properties of seven soils derived from different parent<br />materials as an integrated strategic consideration to establish soil management. Field study was carried out in 2009. Soils were sampled from each horizon of profiles. Results showed that primary and secondary minerals had a strong effect on soil chemical properties. The sand fraction of soils derived from basalt, gabbro, mica schist and serpentinite was dominated by resistant minerals (quartz or opaques), leading to very limited, if any, nutrients released from parent materials. The clay fraction was dominated by kaolinite for soils derived from<br />basalt, mica schist and gabbaro, and by amorphous materials for the soil derived from serpentinite r...
Bioscience Journal
Spatial variability of chemical attributes in soils tends to increase under the no-tillage system. However, data regarding this variability under this system for a long time are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the spatial variability of phosphorus (P), organic matter (OM), pH, aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), base saturation (V%), sulfur (SO 4 2-), and micronutrients: boron (B), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) in soil with conventional tillage and no-tillage treatments for more than three decades in order to optimize fertilization and maintain soil conservation. Samples of Rhodic Hapludox were collected at 0.00-0.20 m depth. Sampling points were spaced 5 m apart, totaling 100 points. All sampling points were georeferenced according to the tillage system. Samples were analyzed chemically. Semivariograms and kriging were used in descriptive statistics and geostatistics analyses of the results. Only micronutrients and P presented distinct spatial variability between the treatments. Most of the analyzed chemical attributes presented spatial dependency in both tillage systems, which may help determine the best form of sampling and indicate adequate fertilization. According to semivariogram range values of OM, Mg, and K, the same sampling strategy may be adopted for analysis in both tillage systems, yet for Al, Ca, and pH the strategy should be specific.
Relationship between acidity and chemical properties of Brazilian soils
2003
In soils of tropical climate regions the high acidity and the presence of exchangeable aluminum (Al 3+), associated to low fertility, are the main restrainting factors for agricultural production. A laboratory experiment was conducted using 26 soils of different Brazilian regions, to investigate soil acidity components, giving emphasis to Al and their relations with chemical properties. The pH correlated positively with P, Ca, Mg, K, BS, CEC and V% values, and negatively with Al saturation. The Al 3+ was the predominant exchangeable cation in 32% of the soils with pH below 5.6. The KCl titratable H + represents the hydroxi-Al(OH) x complex with low stability and the Wolf-Morgan extracted Al corresponds to the exchangeable + non-exchangeable Al species. The Al 3+ and low stability hydroxi-Al decreased quickly with increasing pH up to 5.5. The nonexchangeable Al increased up to pH 4.5, then decreased to pH 5.5 and had a small increment from 7.0 to 7.5.
Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências
The objective of this study was to evaluate the potentialities and limitations of the agricultural use of representative classes of semi-arid regions of the state of Bahia, based on the pedological and evaluation of their soil characteristics. Five areas were selected where trenches were opened to collect samples for the analyses: Eutric Haplustept which presents vulnerability to physical and chemical degradation due to poor drainage with risks of erosion, waterlogging, salinization and compaction but having good natural fertility; Abrupt Kandiustalf with high vulnerability to physical degradation due to the presence of gravel and pebbles which may limit the development of deep rooting plants and mechanization but also with good natural fertility; Typic quartzipsaments and Typic Eutrustalf with no limitations related to drainage as low risk of compaction but featuring limitation of low moisture-holding capacity and nutrients; and Arenic Haplustulf wose characteristics are high vulnerability to degradation due to the drainage limitation related to the Btx horizon cementing in addition to low natural fertility and therefore is not recommended to agricultural use. However, in general, they feature no serious impediments for agricultural use. The amounts of OM is low in all soils but the use of management systems aiming at their accumulation and maintenance in appropriate levels will contribute to the CEC increase as well as to improve the chemical and physical properties.
Impact of Parent Material and Management Practices On Some Soil Characteristics
Soils'under consideration are a result of the natural genesis combination, environmental condition and the human activates, its properties are modified by management system and methods of land use. To achieve that, this study was executed on eleven soil profiles, which are developed three geomorphic units, i.e.,_ (a) Old alluvial river (b) slightly depressed alluvial (C) Old alluvial terraces Theses profiles are- classified to family levels- as follows: Typic Torriorthents, sandy, mixed, thermic (Profiles 1,2 and 3). Natric Petrocalcids, fine loamy, mixed, thermic (profile 4). Typic Haplocalcids, fine loamy, mixed, thermic (profiles 5 and 6). Sodic Haplocalcids, fine loamy, mixed, hyperthermia (profile 7). Typic Haplocalcids, fine loamy, mixed, hyperthermic (profiles 8, 9 and 11). Sodic Haplocalcids, clayey, mixed, hyperthermic (Profile 10). The Cultivated soils treated. With organic manure and clayey tafla for long term are characterized by some feature of development such as dark yellowish brown matrix color and modified soil structure from single grain to weak or moderate fine or medium crumb. Adding clay tafla, farm yard manure and suspended fine colloids from long term use of irrigation Nile water cause soil texture tend to be finer and reduction in soil bulk density and increasing the available moisture range. Ca - clays achieve the late previous results due to the coagulation phenomenon which improve the soils are suffering from salinityand sodality in virgin soils at Maryut and EL- Fayoum areas. Absence of adequate soil drainage systems and continuous use of saline water in EL-Fayoum, which have fine texture cause- slightly elevating in saline level. There is a decrease in soil pH value with more cultivated soils due to decomposition of organic mater. Increasing agricultural Land use periods resulted in dissolving some particles of CaCO3 in a form of Ca (HCO3)2 and decrease its content. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) values, which is related to mechanical composition increased with increasing with farmer activity included addition of organic matter or clay tafla and long term of cultivation, while, exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) value appear an opposite trend.
Assessing the Physicochemical Properties of Soil under Different Land Use Types
Environmental & Analytical Toxicology, 2015
The economies for most developing countries primarily depend on agriculture. Studying the physicochemical properties of soil is important for sustainable management of the agricultural resources and economic growth. Soil acidity is one of the main reasons for nutrient depletion as well as causes of fertility decline that affects crop production. The main objective of this investigation is to assess the acidity status and physicochemical properties of soil in different land use types in Alket Wonzi Watershed, Farta district, Northwest Ethiopia. Soil samples were taken at 0-25 cm depth, on four land use types viz., natural forest, cultivated land, plantation forest and grazing land. The result soils in the natural forest had significantly (p<0.05) higher soil pH and lower exchangeable acidity (p<0.01). Similarly, significantly higher (p<0.01) exchangeable bases (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+), total nitrogen, organic matter, available potassium, cation exchange capacity and clay content was also registered from soil of the natural forest compared to the other land use types. The study further revealed that there was significant (p<0.05) difference in available phosphorus among the different land use types. However, there was no significant difference in silt fraction, sand, bulk density and exchangeable sodium under soils of different land uses. The results obtained from the study indicated that soils of grazing, cultivated land and plantation forest are strongly acidic (pH<5.5). Therefore, appropriate reclamation method should be lunched to improve agricultural productivity and sustainability of the study area.
Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2010
No tillage systems significantly influence the soil system, but knowledge about the effects on the mineralogy of tropical and subtropical soils is limited. This study evaluated the long-term effects (26 years) of no-tillage (NT) on aluminum hydroxy-interlayered minerals of a subtropical Oxisol in Southern Brazil (Guarapuava, PR), compared to the same soil under conventional tillage (CT). The clay fraction (< 2 µm) in soil samples of the surface horizons of a field experiment under both management systems was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) to identify and characterize Al hydroxy-interlayered minerals before and after treatment with sodium citrate to remove intra-layer material. Soil liquid (solution) and solid phases were also characterized. The contents of total organic C, exchangeable cations, P, and the values of extractable acidity and cation exchange capacity as well as electrical conductivity and levels of dissolved organic C, basic cations, aluminum, Si, and sulfur in ...