Dietary habits are associated with the prevalence of type 2 diabetes: a study among a middle eastern population (original) (raw)
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Nutrition & Dietetics, 2015
To investigate the association between major dietary patterns and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among an Iranian urban population. Methods: This is a nested case-control study involving 178 cases with T2DM and 520 controls matched for age, gender and the length of follow up who participated in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). A validated food frequency questionnaire, of 168 food items, was used to measure dietary intake, and principal component analysis was used to derive dietary pattern scores. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between dietary patterns scores and risk of T2DM. Results: The mean age of participants was 43.6 ± 12.0 years and 54% were women. Three dietary patterns, which explained 28.15% total variance, were identified: western, healthy and traditional Iranian patterns. Neither the western nor the healthy dietary patterns were significantly related to the risk of T2DM, but a higher score for the traditional dietary pattern (characterised by high intakes of whole grains, legumes, egg and red meat) was found to be associated with an 18% lower risk of T2DM, after adjustment for relevant confounders (odds ratio per 1-SD score 0.82 (95% CI 0.67-0.99)). Conclusions: Adherence to the traditional dietary pattern may be associated with reduced risk of T2DM in an Iranian population.
This study aimed to assess the dietary patterns among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus living in Tehran, Iran, and their association with socio-demographic and lifestyle factors. In a cross-sectional study, 400 male and female subjects aged between 40–60 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected. Socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics and dietary intake were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. To determine the dietary patterns, factor analysis was carried out, and to assess the association between socio-demographic and lifestyle factors to dietary patterns, analysis of covariance was performed. Three dietary patterns were found. These patterns were labeled as Bvegetable and poultry,^ BWestern^ and Bmixed.^ In this study, the vegetable and poultry pattern was associated with being female, primary education, and hypertension. TheWestern pattern was associated with being male, non-smokers, and lower physical activity. The mixed pattern was associated with higher income and family history of diabetes. We found that socio-demographic and lifestyle factors of diabetic patients were different according to the dietary pattern type. Further studies are necessary to confirm the benefits of this pattern.
Nutrients, 2013
This review aims to search and summarise the available evidence on the association between dietary factors and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Middle Eastern populations, where diabetes prevalence is among the highest in the world. Electronic databases were searched; authors, libraries, and research centres in the Middle East were contacted for further studies and unpublished literature. Included studies assessed potential dietary factors for T2DM in Middle Eastern adults. Two reviewers assessed studies independently. Extensive searching yielded 17 studies which met the inclusion criteria for this review. The findings showed that whole-grain intake reduces the risk of T2DM, and potato consumption was positively correlated with T2DM. Vegetables and vegetable oil may play a protective role against T2DM. Dietary patterns that are associated with diabetes were identified, such as Fast Food and Refined Grains patterns. Two studies demonstrated that lifestyle interventions decreased the risk of T2DM. In summary, the identified studies support an association between some dietary factors and T2DM; however, many of the included studies were of poor methodological quality so the findings should be interpreted with caution. The review draws attention to major gaps in current evidence and the need for well-designed studies in this area.
Dietary patterns among Saudis with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Riyadh: A cross-sectional study
PLOS ONE, 2022
We investigated dietary patterns and their associations with sociodemographic and lifestyle factors in Saudi adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 297 participants (154 men and 143 women) with a mean age (standard deviation) of 54.0 (7.0) years were enrolled in the current study. Self-reported information on sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics, eating behavior, and frequency of consumption was collected from all participants. Principal component analysis was used to determine dietary patterns. Multiple linear regressions were used to examine the associations between dietary patterns and sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. We identified five dietary patterns: "Vegetables and olive oil," "Refined grains and sweets," "Dairy products and legumes," "Dates and beverages," and "Fruit." Age was inversely associated with the pattern "Refined grains and sweets" (β =-0.036, p <0.001). Females were more likely to have higher scores with the "Fruit" pattern (β = 0.410, p = 0.011). Smoking was associated with "Vegetables and olive oil" (β = 0.919, p = 0.001) and "Dates and beverages" (β =-0.947, p = 0.001) patterns. The level of physical activity was associated with "Dates and beverages" (β = 0.104, p = 0.048) and "Vegetables and olive oil" (β =-0.102, p = 0.048) patterns. The number of snacks consumed was associated with "Dates and beverages" pattern (β =-0.241, p = 0.005), and the frequency of meals eaten in fast food locations and restaurants per month was associated with "Vegetables and olive oil" pattern (β =-0.043, p = 0.034). Each dietary pattern was associated with different sociodemographic and lifestyle factors and eating behaviors. This study provides insights into the underlying nutritional habits of Saudi Arabian patients with T2DM. Future studies are necessary to assess these associations in representative samples.
Relationship between dietary patterns and incidence of type 2 diabetes
International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019
Introduction: Increasing rate of type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevalence during the recent years has caused concern about significant risks for the public health. Dietary patterns have recently attracted great attention in the evaluation of the relationship between diet and health. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between the major identified dietary patterns and T2D. Methods: In this matched case-control study, 315 individuals (125 newly diagnosed cases and 190 controls); 18-60 years of age were selected. A valid semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to collect dietary intakes of individuals. Anthropometric characteristics and blood pressure were measured with standard instructions and body mass index and waist to hip ratio were calculated. Factor analysis was used to identify major dietary patterns. The relationship between major food patterns and T2D was assessed by logistic regression analysis. Results: Two dietary patterns were identified: healthy and Western dietary patterns. The second tertile of the healthy dietary pattern had significantly association with decreased risk of T2D in the crude model (Odds ratios [OR]: 0.51, 95% Confidence interval [CI]: 0.29-0.9; P for trend = 0.018), Model II (OR: 0.5, 95% CI: 0.27-0.9; P for trend = 0.019), and Model III (OR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.23-1.4 P for trend = 0.048). The inverse association of the second tertile of Western dietary pattern score with the T2D was significant in crude (OR: 9.25, 95% CI: 4.95-17.4; P for trend <0.001) and multivariable-adjusted model (OR: 16.65, 95% CI: 2.99-92.84; P for trend <0001). Conclusions: Our study found an inverse relationship between adherence of healthy pattern and direct association with Western dietary pattern and the risk of T2D.
Dietary patterns and odds of Type 2 diabetes in Beirut, Lebanon: a case–control study
Nutrition & Metabolism, 2012
Background: In Lebanon, Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has a major public health impact through high disease prevalence, significant downstream pathophysiologic effects, and enormous financial liabilities. Diet is an important environmental factor in the development and prevention of T2D. Dietary patterns may exert greater effects on health than individual foods, nutrients, or food groups. The objective of this study is to examine the association between dietary patterns and the odds of T2D among Lebanese adults.
Public health nutrition, 2016
To investigate the association of major dietary patterns with the risk of impaired glucose and insulin homeostasis during a 3-year follow-up. Fasting serum insulin (FSI), fasting (FSG) and 2 h serum glucose (2h-SG) were measured at baseline and again after 3 years. Dietary intakes were evaluated using a validated 168-item semi-quantitative FFQ and major dietary patterns were obtained using principal component analysis. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the occurrence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), pre-diabetes (IGT/IFG), β-cell dysfunction and hyperinsulinaemia across tertiles of dietary patterns, with adjustment for potential confounding variables. Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Iranian men and women (n 904). Mean age of participants was 38·7 (sd 11·3) years and 44·6 % were men. Major dietary patterns were Western, traditional and healthy, which explained 25·2 % of total variance in food intake. There was a positive association ...
Generalizability of dietary patterns associated with incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2009
Background: Reduced rank regression (RRR) has been used to derive dietary pattern scores that predict linear combinations of disease biomarkers. The generalizability of these patterns to independent populations remains unknown. Objective: The goal was to examine the generalizability of dietary patterns from the following prior studies using RRR to predict type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM): the Nurses' Health Study (NHS), European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Germany (EPIC), and Whitehall II Study (WS). Design: The relative weights of food groups of each dietary pattern were used to generate each dietary pattern score in the Framingham Offspring Study (n = 2879). Each of the external scores (confirmatory scores) was examined to determine whether it could predict incident T2DM during 7 y of follow-up as well as scores developed internally in the Framingham Offspring Study using a Coxproportional hazard model adjusted for T2DM risk factors. Results: Intakes of meat products, refined grains, and soft drinks (caloric and noncaloric) were found to be common predictive components of all confirmatory scores, but fried foods, eggs, and alcoholic beverages were predictive in some, but not in all, confirmatory scores. On the basis of a continuous increase in the score by 1 SD, the NHS-based confirmatory score predicted T2DM risk (hazard ratio: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.25, 1.66). However, T2DM risk was only weakly predicted by the EPIC-based score (hazard ratio: 1.14; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.32) and the WS-based score (hazard ratio: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.35). Conclusions: The study suggested that dietary patterns that predict T2DM risk in different populations may not be generalizable to different populations. Additional dietary pattern studies should be conducted with regard to generalizability.
Nutrition and Metabolic Insights
Objective: Study the association of dietary habits and other indicators of lifestyle with dysglycemia in Saudi adults. Methods: In a cross-sectional design, data were obtained from 1403 Saudi adults (⩾20 years), not previously diagnosed with diabetes. Demographics, lifestyle variables and dietary habits were obtained using a predesigned questionnaire. Fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin and 1-hour oral glucose tolerance test were used to identify dysglycemia. Regression analysis was performed to determine the associations of dietary factors and other indicators of lifestyle with dysglycemia. Results: A total 1075 adults (596 men, and 479 women) had normoglycemia, and 328 (195 men, and 133 women) had dysglycemia. Following adjustment for age, BMI and waist circumference, in men the weekly intake of 5 portions or more of red meat and Turkish coffee were associated with decreased odds of having dysglycemia odds ratio (OR) 0.444 (95% CI: 0.223, 0.881; P = .02) and 0.387 (95% CI:...
Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders, 2015
This study was conducted to identify dietary patterns and evaluated their association with biochemical blood profiles and body weight among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This was a cross sectional study conducted among 400 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Tehran from March to August 2013. Biochemical blood profiles, socio-demographic, lifestyle, anthropometric measurements, and dietary data were obtained. Dietary data from food frequency questionnaire were used to derive dietary patterns. Factor analysis was conducted to ascertain the dietary patterns, and analysis of covariance was fitted to assess the relation between blood profiles, body weight and adherence to dietary patterns. Three dietary patterns by factor analysis were identified, Vegetable & Poultry, Western and Semi-healthy. After control for potential confounders, body mass index (b = -0/03, p < 0.05) were negatively associated with vegetable and poultry dietary pattern. Conversely, total cholesterol ...