QCD effects in non-QCD theories (original) (raw)

2022, arXiv (Cornell University)

From Qed to the Higgs Mechanism : A Short

2010

Schwinger has pointed out that the Yang-Mills vector boson implied by associating a generalized gauge transformation with a conservation law (of baryonic charge, for instance) does not necessarily have zero mass, if a certain criterion on the vacuum fluctuations of the generalized current is satisfied. We show that the theory of plasma oscillations is a simple nonrelativistic example exhibiting all of the features of Schwinger’s idea. It is also shown that Schwinger’s criterion that the vector field m 6= 0 implies that the matter spectrum before including the Yang-Mills interaction contains m = 0, but that the example of superconductivity illustrates that the physical spectrum need not. However, the absence of massless Goldstone bosons is justified by the observed properties of superconductivity and not by a theoretical argument. Some discussion and confusion about the relevance of the superconducting example, owing to its non-relativistic character, to particle physics follows (e.g...

Filling the Mass Gap and Unifying Classical Gauge Theory with Gravitation: Chromodynamic Symmetries, Confinement Properties, and Short- Range Interactions of Yang-Mills Gauge Theory

2013

This is the second partial draft of a paper under development to further elaborate the author’s thesis presented in several earlier-published papers, that baryons including protons and neutrons are Yang-Mills magnetic monopoles. This paper fully develops the non-linear aspects of Yang-Mills gauge theory and applies these to the inverses used to populate the Yang-Mills magnetic monopolies with quarks and turn them into baryons and give rise to QCD. We also show how the perturbations in these inverses, which arise from the non-linear theory, are responsible for the short-range of the nuclear interaction, notwithstanding the zero-mass gluon gauge fields. This solves the mass gap problem and demonstrates how strong interactions may have a short range notwithstanding their massless gluon gauge fields. Additionally, sections 7 and 8 develop a classical field equation which fully unifies gauge theory with gravitational theory.

Energy spectrum and the mass gap from nonperturbative quantization \`a la Heisenberg

2018

Using approximate methods of nonperturbative quantization \`a la Heisenberg and taking into account the interaction of gauge fields with quarks, we find regular solutions describing the following configurations: (i) a spinball consisting of two virtual quarks with opposite spins; (ii) a quantum monopole; (iii) a spinball-plus-quantum-monopole system; and (iv) a spinball-plus-quantum-dyon system. A comparison with quasi-particles obtained by lattice and phenomenological analytical calculations is carried out. All these objects (except the spinball) are embedded in a bag created by the quantum coset condensate consisting of the SU(3)/(SU(2)~$\times$~U(1)) gauge fields. The existence of these objects is due to the Meissner effect, which implies that the SU(2)~$\times$~U(1) gauge fields are expelled from the condensate. The physical interpretation of these solutions is proposed in two different forms: (i) an approximate glueball model; and (ii) quantum fluctuations in the coset condensa...

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