Nonlinear piezoelectric vibration energy harvester with frequency-tuned impacting resonators for improving broadband performance at low frequencies (original) (raw)
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Meccanica, 2017
In the few decades, the study of electromechanical systems which are capable to extract energy from an operating system in the environment has been of most importance. In this work, we present the extraction of energy from a simple portal frame structure excited by a harmonic force, where the energy harvesting is computed by using of a nonlinear piezoelectric material. The dynamical response of the system is examined, when there is 2:1 internal resonance between the symmetric and the sway mode, resulting the saturation phenomenon and vibration energy transfer between the symmetric (vertical) mode and the horizontal (sway) mode. An evaluation of the energy available for harvesting, in each of the considered modes, is computed.
2013
The desire to reduce power consumption of current integrated circuits has led design engineers to focus on harvesting energy from free ambient sources such as vibrations. The energy harvested this way can eliminate the need for battery replacement, particularly, in low-energy remote sensing and wireless devices. Currently, most vibration-based energy harvesters are designed as linear resonators, therefore, they have a narrow resonance frequency. The optimal performance of such harvesters is achieved only when their resonance frequency is matched with the ambient excitation. In practice, however, a slight shift of the excitation frequency will cause a dramatic reduction in their performance. In the majority of cases, the ambient vibrations are totally random with their energy distributed over a wide frequency spectrum. Thus, developing techniques to extend the bandwidth of vibration-based energy harvesters has become an important field of research in energy harvesting systems. This thesis first reviews the broadband vibration-based energy harvesting techniques currently known in some detail with regard to their merits and applicability under different circumstances. After that, the design, fabrication, modeling and characterization of three new piezoelectric-based energy harvesting mechanism, built typically for rotary motion applications, is discussed. A step-by-step procedure is followed in order to broaden the bandwidth of such energy harvesters by introducing a coupled spring-mass system attached to a PZT beam undergoing rotary motion. It is shown that the new strategies can indeed give rise to a wide-band frequency response making it possible to fine-tune their dynamical response. The numerical results are shown to be in good agreement with the experimental data as far as the frequency response is concerned.
Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvesting and Its Application to Vibration Control
2012
ABSTRACTSajid Rafique ? Doctor of PhilosphyThe University of Manchester ? 19th February 2012.PIEZOELECTRIC VIBRATION ENERGY HARVESTING AND ITSAPPLICATION TO VIBRATION CONTROLVibration-based energy harvesting using piezoelectric materials have been investigatedby several research groups with the aim of harvesting maximum energy and providingpower to low-powered wireless electronic systems for their entire operational life. Theelectromechanical coupling effect introduced by the piezoelectric vibration energyharvesting (PVEH) mechanism presents modelling challenges. For this reason, there hasbeen a continuous effort to develop different modelling techniques to describe thePVEH mechanism and its effects on the dynamics of the system. The overall aims ofthis thesis are twofold: (1) a thorough theoretical and experimental analysis of a PVEHbeam or assembly of beams; (2) an in-depth analytical and experimental investigation ofthe novel concept of a dual function piezoelectric vibration ene...
Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, 2021
Vibration energy harvesters (VEHs) can transform ambient vibration energy to electricity and have been widely investigated as promising self-powered devices for wireless sensor networks, wearable sensors, and applications of a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS). However, the ambient vibration is always too weak to hinder the high energy conversion efficiency. In this paper, the integrated frame composed of piezoelectric beams and mechanical amplifiers is proposed to improve the energy conversion efficiency of a VEH. First, the initial structures of a piezoelectric frame (PF) and an amplification frame (AF) are designed. The dynamic model is then established to analyze the influence of key structural parameters on the mechanical amplification factor. Finite element simulation is conducted to study the energy harvesting performance, where the stiffness characteristics and power output in the cases of series and parallel load resistance are discussed in detail. Furthermore, piezoel...
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2018
Energy harvesting is the process of collecting low-level ambient energy and converting it into electrical energy to be used for powering miniaturized autonomous devices, sensor networks, wearable electronics or Internet-of-Things components. The use of the pervasive kinetic energy, converted into electrical energy, is of special interest in this frame. The possibility to use bimorph piezoelectric cantilevers to convert ambient vibrations to electrical energy is therefore thoroughly analyzed in this work. A reliable modelling tool for optimizing the design of the miniature harvesters to be used in a broad frequency range, while maximizing the obtained powers, is hence needed. The problem complexity is induced by the necessity to simulate the dynamic response of the considered harvesting devices via a coupled electromechanical model. The recently developed comprehensive coupled analytical model based on distributed parameters is thus used as a benchmark to verify and tune suitable fin...
A Hybrid Piezoelectric and Electrostatic Vibration Energy Harvester
Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series, 2016
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems for vibration energy harvesting have become popular over recent years. At these small length scales electrostatic forces become significant, and this paper proposes a hybrid cantilever beam harvester with piezoelectric and electrostatic transducers for narrow band base excitation. One approach would be to just combine the output from the different transducers; however, this would require accurate tuning of the mechanical system to the excitation frequency to ensure the beam is resonant. In contrast, this paper uses the applied DC voltage to the electrostatic electrodes as a control parameter to change the resonant of the harvester to ensure resonance as the excitation frequency varies. The electrostatic forces are highly non-linear, leading to multiple solutions and jump phenomena. Hence, this paper analyses the non-linear response and proposes control solutions to ensure the response remains on the higher amplitude solution. The approach is demonstrated by simulating the response of a typical device using Euler Bernoulli beam theory and a Galerkin solution procedure.
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Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 2014
Vibration energy harvesting using piezoelectric material has received great research interest in the recent years. One important concern for the development of piezoelectric energy harvesting is to broaden the operating bandwidth. Various techniques have been proposed for broadband energy harvesting, such as the resonance tuning approach, the frequency up-conversion technique, the multimodal harvesting and the nonlinear technique. A recently reported linear 2-degree-of-freedom harvester can achieve two close resonant frequencies both with significant power outputs, using its unique cantilever configuration. This paper proposes to incorporate magnetic nonlinearity into the linear 2-DOF system, aiming at further broadening its operating bandwidth. Experimental parametric study is carried out to investigate the behavior of such nonlinear 2-DOF harvester. Among different configurations, an optimal configuration of the nonlinear 2-DOF harvester is obtained to achieve significantly wider bandwidth. A lumped parameter model for such nonlinear 2-DOF harvester is developed, and the results provide good validation for the experimental findings. and vibration. Among them, mechanical vibration is the most ubiquitous energy source in our daily life, thus vibration based energy harvesting has attracted great research interest in recent years.
sewing, 2015
A unified approximation method is derived to illustrate the effect of electro-mechanical coupling on vibration-based energy harvesting systems caused by variations in damping ratio and excitation frequency of the mechanical subsystem. Vibrational energy harvesters are electro-mechanical systems that generate power from the ambient oscillations. Typically vibration-based energy harvesters employ a mechanical subsystem tuned to resonate with ambient oscillations. The piezoelectric or electromagnetic coupling mechanisms utilized in energy harvesters, transfers some energy from the mechanical subsystem and converts it to an electric energy. Recently the focus of energy harvesting community has shifted toward nonlinear energy harvesters that are less sensitive to the frequency of ambient vibrations. We consider the general class of hybrid energy harvesters that use both piezoelectric and electromagnetic energy harvesting mechanisms. Through using perturbation methods for low amplitude oscillations and numerical integration for large amplitude vibrations we establish a unified approximation method for linear, softly nonlinear, and bi-stable nonlinear energy harvesters. The method quantifies equivalent changes in damping and excitation frequency of the mechanical subsystem that resembles the backward coupling from energy harvesting. We investigate a novel nonlinear hybrid energy harvester as a case study of the proposed method. The approximation method is accurate, provides an intuitive explanation for backward coupling effects and in some cases reduces the computational efforts by an order of magnitude.
Piezoelectric Vibration-Based Energy Harvesting Enhancement Exploiting Nonsmoothness
Actuators
Piezoelectric vibration-based energy harvesting systems have been used as an interesting alternative power source for actuators and portable devices. These systems have an inherent disadvantage when operating in linear conditions, presenting a maximum power output by matching their resonance frequencies with the ambient source frequencies. Based on that, there is a significant reduction of the output power due to small frequency deviations, resulting in a narrowband harvester system. Nonlinearities have been shown to play an important role in enhancing the harvesting capacity. This work deals with the use of nonsmooth nonlinearities to obtain a broadband harvesting system. A numerical investigation is undertaken considering a single-degree-of-freedom model with a mechanical end-stop. The results show that impacts can strongly modify the system dynamics, resulting in an increased broadband output power harvesting performance and introducing nonlinear effects as dynamical jumps. Nonsm...