Greening Europe? Environmental Interest Groups and the Europeanization of a New Policy Field (original) (raw)

Abstract

Dieser Aufsatz untersucht den Beitrag der Umweltorganisationen in der Frühphase der Umweltpolitik der Europäischen Gemeinschaft. In den frühen 1970er Jahren entsteht in den Mitgliedsstaaten parallel zur Erfindung von Umwelt als Politikfeld eine moderne Umweltbewegung. Erstaunlich rasch geht diese den Weg nach Europa. Als transnationale GrassRoots Initiative , aber mit Unterstützung der Europäischen Kommission wird bereits 1974 das Europäische Umweltbüro (EEB) als europäischer Dachverband etabliert, der aber lange Zeit personell unterbesetzt bleibt. Dagegen zeigt das Beispiel der Entstehung der Vogelschutzrichtlinie von 1979, dass nicht-staatliche Akteure bereits in den 1970er Jahren in der Lage waren, in transnationaler Zusammenarbeit untereinander und mit europäischen Institutionen Umweltthemen auf die europäische Agenda zu setzen, mit öffentlichem Druck und Expertise Einfluss zu nehmen, und so auf die Mitgliedsstaaten hin zu wirken, Europas Zugvögel unter europäischen Schutz zu stellen. The environment as an area of policy-making is an invention of the early 1970s. To be sure, on an ad-hoc basis, national governments as well as the European Communities (EC) had already been regulating problems that we understand to be part of environmental policy today, such as issues relating to pollution. 2 Demands for the protection of 1 This research was supported by a Marie Curie Intra European Fellowship within the 7 th European Community Framework Programme. 2 For instance, the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) enacted the directive 59/221 regarding the protection of workers from iodising radiation as early as 1959. In 1967, the European Economic Community (EEC) agreed on the directive 67/548 concerning the classification, packaging and labelling of chemicals. John McCormick, Environmental policy in the European Union, Basingstoke 2001, p. 45.

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References (37)

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  37. I am loosely borrowing this concept of push and pull factors developed by students of migration to distinguish