Ethics in research with human beings: some issues about Psychology (original) (raw)

Perception, understanding and practice of ethics during research on humans

East and Central African Journal of Surgery, 2007

Background: Scandals have occurred over time involving conduct of research in different parts of the world. This study was aimed at exploring researchers' perception, understanding, appreciation and practice of research ethics during research on human subjects. Methods: A qualitative approach using the exploratory and descriptive designs was used. Participants in the study academic staff and graduate students in the Faculties of Medicine and Social Sciences. Results: Of the 37 respondents 68% were faculty while 32% were graduate students in the fields of social sciences, clinical and basic sciences. Research experience ranged from one to thirty four years. 27% had had formal training in research ethics; the remaining 73% had a vague idea about research ethics. All respondents appreciated the importance of confidentiality although data management procedures were lacking in many. A total of 22% of the participants appreciated the need for research subjects to understand the informed consent, 38% think it is not always the case and in many cases their subjects do not have to understand, while the remaining 40% believe that research subjects' understanding of the informed consent process may not be necessary. Sixty five percent of participants have no knowledge and usually give no feed back to research communities unless the funding organization request so. Conclusion: Most researchers appreciate the importance of confidentiality, but have limited understanding of the process of informed consent, information handling and the importance of feedback.

ETHICS OF RESEARCH ON THE HUMAN SUBJECT

This work provides a framework for approaching ethical and policy predicaments in research with human subjects from the perception of trust. It explains how trust is important not only between plainclothesmen and subjects but also between and among other participants involved in the research enterprise, including research staff, sponsors, institutions, communities, oversight committees, government agencies, and the general public. Thus, research involving human subjects are important to develop new therapeutics for the betterment of the human race. Adopting an analytical method, one can argue that to take part in such research as a volunteer is the moral duty of any human. But such experiments should be justifiable and have minimal risk for the participants. The history of unethical research involving humans led to the development of many guidelines to make such research ethical as well as to gain the maximum possible output. Several guidelines have been formulated to ensure research with human participants is ethical. All the guidelines emphasize on one thing in particularinformed consent of the human subjects. Other considerations include rational benefit-harm ratio, beneficence, justice, adequate research design, and approval from proper authorities. All these guidelines aim to prevent any unethical research involving humans against their will.

Ethics in Research with Human Subjects - A Brief Review

Bangladesh Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 2010

Ethics in research involving humans were first codified in 1946 as Nuremberg code. Subsequently other ethical declarations and guide lines were developed to protect the research participants as well as the researchers. The basic research bioethics includes three principles-respects for person, beneficence, and justice. To make a research with human subjects ethically sound the research protocol should have social and scientific values, fair subject selection, favorable risk benefit ratio, independent review, and informed consent of and respect for the participants. Above all the researcher should be honest and responsible enough to safeguard the rights and welfare of the research subjects. DOI: 10.3329/bjpp.v24i1.5734Bangladesh J Physiol Pharmacol 2008; 24(1&2) : 24-26

Introduction to Research Ethics

ABSTRACT This module will introduce you to the ethical concepts underlying applied ethical decision-making in the area of research involving human participants. We will also learn what the issues are that people involved in research on research ethics are concerned with. Ethics without an understanding of historical and legal context makes arguably little sense. It is for this reason that this module will begin with a brief history of research ethics and ends with a brief overview of the relevant national and international guidelines pertaining to ethical issues in research involving human participants.

Current outlook of ethics in research with human subjects

Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology (Impresso), 2011

in the last decades, medical care has been increasingly permeated by the concept of evidencebased-medicine, in which clinical research plays a crucial role in establishing diagnostic and treatment. Following the improvements in clinical research, we have a growing concern and understanding that some ethical issues must be respected when the subjects are human beings. research with human subjects relies on the principles of autonomy, beneficence, no maleficence and justice. Ordinance 196/96 from the national Health Board adds to the Brazilian legislation such renowned bioethical principles.

Research Involving Human Subjects- Ethical Perspective

Research involving human subjects are important to develop new therapeutics for the betterment of the human race. To take part in such research as volunteers is moral duty of any human. But such experiments should be justifiable and minimal risky for the participants. History of unethical research involving humans led to the development of many guidelines to make such research ethical as well as to gain maximum possible output. Several guidelines have been formulated to ensure research with human participants ethical. All the guidelines emphasize on one thing in particular- informed consent of the human subjects. Other considerations include rational benefit-harm ration, beneficence, justice, adequate research design and approval from proper authorities. All these guidelines aim to prevent any unethical research involving humans against their will.

Ethics in clinical research

GSC Advanced Research and Reviews, 2020

Ethics in medical education research is associated with any research concerning human participants and including anthropological tissue conducted by supervising and scholars of the University. It is associated with the accountability of the researcher, to be honest, and privacy and confidentially and autonomy and respectfully to all participants who affected by their research studies. Objectives of the review: The motivation behind this report is to look at the ethical issues raised when investigating including human members. In addition, to demonstrate the important ethical consideration with academic medical research. Conclusion: Ethics of restorative research on human subjects should be clinically supported and deductively stable. Educated consent is a compulsory segment of any clinical research. Investigators are committed to configuration look into protocols that build up guidelines of logical respectability, safeguard ethical and authoritative issues of the human subjects, and...