Synthesis and characterization of polyethylene/C60 fullerene structures by photoluminescence (original) (raw)
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Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2009
Layered-silicate-based polymer–clay nanocomposite materials were prepared depending on the surface modification of montmorillonite (MMT). Nanocomposites consisting of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) as a matrix and dispersed inorganic clay modified with cetyl pyridinium chloride (CPC), benzyl dimethyl N-hexadecyl ammonium chloride, and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide by direct melt intercalation were studied. The organoclay loading was varied from 1 to 5 wt %. The organoclays were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD) to compute the crystallographic spacing and with thermogravimetric analysis to study the thermal stability. Detailed investigations of the mechanical and thermal properties as well as a dispersion study by XRD of the PBT/clay nanocomposites were conducted. X-ray scattering showed that the layers of organoclay were intercalated with intercalating agents. According to the results of a differential scanning calorimetry analysis, clay acted as a nucleating agent, affecting the crystallization. The PBT nanocomposites containing clay treated with CPC showed good mechanical properties because of intercalation into the polymer matrix. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2006
Linear 1,10-decanediamine was chosen as a modified monomer to prepare modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) with a low content of amide bonds through two different synthetic methods. To evaluate the effect of amide bonds on the properties of poly(ester amide) analogs (PETAs), the performance of this new type of PET was compared with 1,10-decanediol-modified PET as a control group. The formation of hydrogen bonds in the PETAs was confirmed, and the stability of hydrogen-bonding interactions based on the low content of amide bonds at high temperature was discussed. Interestingly, physical cross-linking networks formed by hydrogen-bonding interactions improved the thermal stability, rheology, and mechanical properties of the PETAs. The crystallization properties were studied in depth by a series of tests, the results of which illustrated that the low content of amide bonds acted as a critical crystallization accelerator in the PETAs. A feasible strategy to prepare high-performance PET, which may be used as a packaging material, was introduced in this work.
Innovative Poly(Butylene Terephthalate) Based Nanocomposites: a Preliminary Investigation
Macromolecular Symposia, 2007
A polymer-clay nanocomposite based on Poly(butyleneterephthalate) (PBT) and an innovative organoclay has been synthesized via intercalation of Bis(hydroxyethyl terephthalate) (BHET) in Na-Montmorillonite layers. Chemical and physical properties of this nanocomposite have been studied in comparison to other PBT/nanocomposites based on two commercial organoclay: Cloisite 25A and Somasif MEE. Nanocomposites have been prepared via melt compounding using a twin-screw extruder, with extrusion rate of 150 rpm. Samples were characterized by using wide-angle X-ray diffraction, TEM, thermal and mechanical analysis.
Journal of Nanomaterials, 2012
The paper describes the process of the preparation of new nanocomposites based on poly(butylene terephthalate) and C60nanoparticles modified by decylamine (DA) and tetracyanoethylene oxide (TCNEO), respectively. Thermal and crystallization properties of new synthesized nanocomposites were investigated by means of thermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The experimental results demonstrate the effect of fullerene derivates, DA-C60and TCNEO-C60, on the melting and crystallinity processes of nanocomposites. The morphology of new nanocomposites was investigated by SEM.
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2004
The main objective of this study was to synthesize and characterize the properties of ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer (EPDM)/clay nanocomposites. Pristine clay, sodium montmorillonite (Na+–MMT), was intercalated with hexadecyl ammonium ion to form modified organoclay (16Me–MMT) and the effect of intercalation toward the change in interlayer spacing of the silicate layers was studied by X-ray diffraction, which showed that the increase in interlayer spacing in Na+–MMT by 0.61 nm is attributed to the intercalation of hexadecyl ammonium ion within the clay layers. In the case of EPDM/16Me–MMT nanocomposites, the basal reflection peak was shifted toward a higher angle. However, gallery height remained more or less the same for different EPDM nanocomposites with organoclay content up to 8 wt %. The nanostructure of EPDM/clay composites was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, which established the coexistence of intercalated and exfoliated clay layers with an average layer thickness in the nanometer range within the EPDM matrix. The significant improvement in thermal stability and mechanical properties reflects the high-performance nanocomposite formation. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 2429–2436, 2004
Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials, 2016
The purpose of this study is polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and modified organo-nanoclay with different masses and to contribute to the different areas of use and literature by examining these nanocomposites physical, chemical and thermal features. In this study, nanocomposite films, which work in PET that is a type of polymeric material, and work into modified organo-nanoclays with different percentages, obtained with the method called as in situ polymerization. The chemical structures of nanocomposites prepared were investigated by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The surface morphologies of this nanocomposites were examined by scanning electron microscope. Their thermal properties were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. According to the results obtained, the thermal stabilities of modified nanoclay composites got better than PET. Besides, while the percent of clay in the doped PET was rising, its fragility increased. At the same time, high mass of clay formed when the percent of contribution developed. Thus, the surface interaction of polymer-clay decreased, because the composed aggregations prevented the polymer matrix from going into the layer of clay.
Poly(cyclohexene oxide) (PCHO)/clay nanocomposites were prepared by means of in situ photoinitiated cationic polymerization with initiator moieties immobilized within the silicate galleries of the clay particles. Diphenyliodonium molecules were intercalated via cation exchange process between Cloisite Ca and diphenyliodonium. The polymerization of CHO through the interlayer galleries of the clay can provide a homogenous distribution of the clay layers in the polymer matrix in nanosize and results in the formation of PCHO/clay nanocomposites. The rates of clay loadings were changed to 1%, 3%, and 5% so as to investigate the effect of clay and initiator amount on polymer. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods were used for the characterization of modified clay and nanocomposite materials. Thermal stability of PCHO/MMT nanocomposites was also studied by both differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
Preparation and characterization of PET/clay nanocomposites by melt compounding
Polymer Engineering & Science, 2011
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) nanocomposites were prepared via melt compounding using a twinscrew extruder at 2658C. Three different types of organomodified clay were melt compounded with PET: a commercial ammonium-modified silicate clay (Cloisite 30B) and specially prepared thermally stable phosphonium-and imidazolium-modified montmorillonites. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermogravimetric analysis were used to characterize and evaluate the quality of the nanocomposites. To obtain quantitative evaluation of the dispersion level in nanocomposites, statistical analysis of TEM micrographs was performed using a dispersion parameter, D 0.1 , based on free-path spacing measurements. The results showed that the ammonium surfactant yielded the best intercalation results in nanocomposites.
The Characteristics of Poly Propylene Oxide/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites
Journal of Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology, 2015
The aim of our study is based to produce the Poly propylene oxyde /clay nanocomposites [3,5,7 and 10% (w/w) Maghnite-CTAB based on the propylene oxyde content] were synthesized by in situ polymerization. Maghnite-CTAB is montmorillonite-CTAB silicate sheet clay was prepared through a straight forward exchange process, polymer composites based on modified montmorillonite (montmorillonite-CTAB) and Poly Propylene Oxyde were prepared with different compositions by melt processing. The maghnite used was obtained with a cation exchange, using a green natural clay from Maghnia which is situated in the west of Algeria. This work is based also to demonstrate a morphology, which is obtained by combining AFM and MEB. The polymer composites were characterized using differenttechniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetery (DSC), infrared spectrophotometery (IR),and Microscopic electronics with sweeping (MEB) and Atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results were showed that, the basal space of the silicate layer increased, as determined by XRD, from 12.97 A° to 32.60 A°. The addition of PPO shows distribution of platelets perparticules, and improve the interaction between clay and polymer matrix. The microstructure was detected by X-ray patterns and Microscopic electronics with sweeping (MEB) and Atomic force microscopy (AFM) at 5wt% MMt-CTAB, however, higher than 3 wt% MMt-CTAB reveals partial intercalation structure. The results confirm the presence of several intercalation of molecules salt in the clay layers, and it also shows a good interaction with the polymer.