Constraints Faced by the Farmers in Practicing Coping Strategies towards Household Food Security during Flood (original) (raw)
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Farmers' Response to Flood Vulnerability in a Flood Prone Area of Narsingdi District, Bangladesh
The purposes of the study were to determine the response ability of the farmers in a flood prone area and to exp lore the relationships between the farmers " response ability and their selected characteristics. The study was carried out at Karimpur and Alokbali villages under Sadar upazila of Narsingdi district. Data were collected from a sample of 100 farmers by using interview schedules in October 2010. Farmers " response ability was measured on the basis of their responses to the questions asked. Response ability of the farmers was measured across the seven aspects viz. housing condition, food and drinking water storage and handling, nutrition management, health care and hygiene, crop management, livestock and poultry management, and communication. Response ability in each of the responses was measured firstly and the overall response ability was measured by adding the score of all the responses. Correlation Coefficient (r) was used to explore relationships between the concerned variables. Majority of the farmers (64 percent) had medium response ability while 36 percent had low ability. There was no respondent having high response ability. Response ability of farmers was better in building a makeshift in high platform, protecting house from erosion, using bamboo-made bridge to connect latrine, using oral saline, safeguard, feeding livestock and poultry and keeping boat. But the same was very poor in collecting tube-well water, keeping carbolic acid, collecting locally available varieties of vegetables, taking pre-processed dry food, post flood jute seed sowing, fish culture and creating bamboo-made temporary bridges. Correlation analysis indicated that farmers " education, farm size, organizational exposure, training exposure, extension media contact and knowledge on responses during flood of the farmers had positive significant relationships with their response ability.
Vulnerability and Coping Strategies of Floods in Bangladesh Agriculture
ASA University Review, 2014
Bangladesh is a disaster prone country. Flood is the most frequent form of disaster that ravage millions of life, thousand acres of crops and ultimately breakdown the economic backbone of the country. Therefore, the paper aims to describe coping strategies usually practiced by the farmers against flood. The data contained in this paper were collected from secondary sources like books, journals and internet etc. Among various coping strategies only the coping strategies of crop, livestock and poultry and fisheries are stated in this paper. 'Storing all types of seed' and 'sale excess livestock and poultry before flood' were mainly practiced in pre-flood period. 'Collect quick growing vegetable seeds' and 'use of hay for cattle feed were mostly practiced during flood period. 'Sowing quick growing leafy vegetables', 'completing vaccination after flood' and 'releasing preciously stored fingerling' were mainly practiced in post flood period. Overall coping strategies practiced by the farmer satisfactorily during flood period while second in post flood period followed by pre-flood period.
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Based on a sample sdrvey collected from randomly selected farmers inhabiting the Jamuna floodplain of Bangladesh, this study deals with the perception of and agricultural adjustments to both normal and abnormal floods. The study found that the respondents" perception of flood is conditioned by the key role played by floods in their lives. The study further observed that the respondents successfully cope with the normal floods. In cases of abnormal floods, they practiced several adjustments to reduce damages.
Agricultural Livelihoods and Coping Strategies to Flood in Farm Households in Kambalu Township
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This study was carried out to understand a short term impact of flood on agricultural livelihoods conditions, coping strategies adopted by affected sample farm households and to analyze the factors affecting the revenue of monsoon paddy before and after flood in Kambalu Township, Sagaing Region. Data were obtained from 135 flood affected farm households selected from six villages by purposive random sampling in the study area which was severely affected area of flood in 2015. The sample farm households were categorized into three groups: seriously affected, moderately affected and less affected according to their damaged crop areas due to flood. Based on the findings, the average age of household's head was around 50 years with average 6 schooling years. There were significantly different in the household and farm assets of mobile phone, cattle, chicken, harrow, plough and boat for all groups before and after flood. The flood extremely reduced yield of monsoon paddy, sugarcane and maize among three groups. The lower yield of crop production resulted lower farm income in all groups. Each 55% of the sample farm households in seriously and moderately affected groups obtained the aids from government and non-government organizations while almost all of the sample farm households in less affected group received it because their location and transportation access were easier than others. Reducing household expenditure, borrowing money, selling household assets and livestock were commonly used coping strategies in the study area. According to the regression analysis, family labor, non-farm income and cultivated area of monsoon paddy were significant factors to get high revenue for monsoon paddy production by engaging and investing more on it before and after flood. Before flood, age and education level of household's head is also important in managing and decision making on the farming activities to receive high revenue on the monsoon paddy production, however this demographic characters seem not significantly influence the paddy revenue immediately after flood. As a result, there is needed to create non-farm job opportunities and providing credit in farming activities to cope the impact of flood. Moreover, sustainable farming system through climate resilient varieties and improved agricultural technology, disaster awareness information and improved transportation infrastructure should be provided as the development program for the rural areas to overcome disaster impact.
Mongla upazila (sub district) of Bangladesh has the traditional practice of agriculture but now is extremely vulnerable due to frequent and intensive recurring phenomenon of natural hazards such as salinity intrusion, water logging, flood, cyclone and tidal surges. Therefore, this study was conducted for the assessment of vulnerability and its potential impacts on agricultural productions. This study was also focused to develop a strategy for minimizing the vulnerability. A total of 12 Focus Group Discussion's (FGD) and 5 Key Informant Interviews (KII) were conducted. A well-organized survey questionnaire was developed and used considering objectives and variables throughout this survey. Primary data was collected by face to face interviews, oral talk with local Original Research Article
Natural Hazards, 2014
Floods are recurrent features in India, affecting crop production and leading to food shortages. Coping with floods has been a major concern since the dawn of human civilization. However, little is currently known regarding farmer's psychological responses and adaptation to floods. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to examine the means by which farmers of a flood-affected area of rural India cope with this hazard. Primary data for the study were collected during the months of November and December 2010 from randomly selected two hundred flood-affected households under rice-wheat ecosystem in the flood-prone Somb basin of Haryana state in India. The study area is highly susceptible to floods with a major flood occurring every 10 years and smaller ones happening every 2-3 years. Farmer's indigenous coping strategies have helped them to reduce significantly their vulnerability towards the flood. Analysis revealed that the respondent farmers continuously battle against flood vulnerability in accordance with their level of exposure and abilities and they practiced an array of indigenous coping strategies such as agronomic adjustments, family budget adjustments, help from social set-up and credit from financial institutions to mitigate the adverse effects of the floods. While both rich and poor households were affected by the floods, households pertaining to the lower socio-economic group suffered the most. The study, therefore, recommends that indigenous flood mitigating strategies need to be well recognized and emphasized via proper dissemination of information in other flood-affected areas of the country to enhance victims' ability to cope.
Food Security and Household Coping Strategies During Disasters in Bangladesh
Bangladesh is currently ranked as one of the world's most disaster prone countries. Approximately ninety seven percent of the total land area and all inhabitants are at risk of multiple hazards including tropical cyclones, earthquakes, floods, droughts, riverbank and coastal erosion. Food security is a challenge when a disaster heavily affects an area. The main aim of this research is to analyse how households themselves attempted to cope for food during major disaster events in Bangladesh. To achieve the objectives of this research, data on disasters and coping strategies for food were collected from the Government of Bangladesh and NGO's publications, local histories, journal articles in the peer reviewed literature, books, newspapers, magazines, annual reports and online hazard databases. The findings suggest that affected household undertook several food coping strategies through their available resources and traditional social networks following disaster events. It was noted that coping strategies depend on types, severity and time of disaster and socio-demographic characteristics of the affected households. Generally the poor, agricultural and fishing communities whose livelihood depends are located in hazardous locations are found to adopt least preferable coping strategies for food during and following disaster occurrence. Household resilient for food security could be improved through providing access to food for all class of people and undertaking preparedness and increasing household level capacity building programme.
5th International Conference on Water & Flood Management; p 71-80 , 2015
The paper efforts to explore the co-relation between two variables- agricultural losses incurred due to floods and change in agricultural population in an area, and thus to identify the extent of ‘flood-forced’ livelihood shifting from agriculture to other sectors in rural Bangladesh. The study is conducted on four districts having mutually different levels of exposure to floods. The study reveals that in a 20 years period between 1991 and 2011, the number of people engaged in agricultural sectors decreases continuously; the decreasing rate, however, is not equal for all of the study districts. The non-flood prone district has a very slow decreasing rate of 1.52% per year, while the rate is more than 4% in highly flood prone districts that suffer from high agricultural losses every year due to floods. Two statistical analysis tools- co relation co efficient and r- squared value are used in the research to find out the linkages between the two variables. R-squared value, however, calculated in the research shows that more than 76% of agricultural population decrease in a highly flood prone district in Bangladesh could be result of the flood-caused agricultural losses, while the figure is found 41% in case of district less exposed to flood.
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Disasters, 2010
This paper explores peoples' indigenous survival strategies and assesses variations in people's ability to cope with floods in two flood-prone villages in Bangladesh. It reveals that people continuously battle against flood vulnerability in accordance with their level of exposure and abilities, with varied strategies employed at different geophysical locations. The paper reports that people in an area with low flooding and with better socioeconomic circumstances are more likely to cope with impacts compared to people in areas with high and sudden flooding. Similarly, households' ability to cope varies depending on people's socioeconomic conditions, such as education, income and occupation. Although floods in Bangladesh generate socioeconomic misery and cause damage to the environment, health and infrastructure, people's indigenous coping strategies have helped them to reduce significantly their vulnerability. Such flood-mitigating strategies should be well recognised and emphasised further via proper dissemination of information through an early-warning system and subsequently external assistance.