Suppression of Rice Blast by Preinoculation with Avirulent Pyricularia oryzae and the Nonrice Pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana (original) (raw)
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Australian Journal of Crop Science, 2019
Rice blast disease resulting from infected rice seed can be avoided by using treated seeds. Seed treatment using chemical fungicide has many limitations such as development of resistance to pathogens, damage to the natural environment and the health of farmers and consumers. Such limitations have raised the need for alternative non-chemical seed treatment methods such as antagonist microbial agents and hot water. Laboratory and the screen house experiments were carried out with the aim of evaluating the efficacy of Trichoderma asperellum, Bacillus subtilis and hot water (50°C/15 min) seed treatments against rice blast disease inocula on rice seeds. The results showed that, seeds treated with microbial agents (T. asperellum, B. subtilis) and hot water reduced the percentage of infected rice seeds by 4.3 to 52.7% relative to non-treated seeds. The germination percent and seedling vigour index increased from 12.3 % to 17.1 %. Rice seeds treated with B. subtilis reduced the incidence and severity of rice blast disease from 10% to 72.4 %. Seed treatment using B. subtilis followed by T. asperellum were the best in reducing the number of infected seeds and rice blast disease incidence and severity on rice seedlings. Therefore, the use of these microbial agents has a potential for effective management of rice blast disease.
Blast disease of basmati rice and its management
International Journal of Agricultural Invention, 2017
Basmati rice is an important staple food grain crop in the world. Basmati rice is an important export commodity among the food grains. The biotic and abiotic factors are adversely affected the Basmati rice but Basmati rice blast caused by Pyricularia oryzae Cavara (synonym Pyricularia grisea Sacc). The anamorph of Magnaporthe grisea (Herbert), is one of the most destructive and wide spread diseases as compared to other diseases of Basmati rice. It causes leaf blast, neck blast and panicle blast of paddy. This disease generally causes yield loss of 10-20 percent but in severe cases yield loss may reach up to 80 percent. Management of blast disease using healthy seed, resistance varieties, many biological controls like as T. harzianum, T. viride and P. fluorescens @10g/kg by seed treatment and foliar spray. The chemical control by fungicides such as carbendazim, tricyclazole, isoprothilane, tebuconazole, hexaconazole reduced leaf but not neck blast; on the contrary, tricyclazole was e...
Biocontrol Potential of Rhizosphere Fungi Against Pyricularia Oryzae in Ciherang Rice Variety
Bio web of conferences/BIO web of conferences, 2024
Blast disease is an important disease of rice caused by Pyricularia oryzae. The use of antagonistic fungi from the rhizosphere of rice plants has the potential to control plant pathogens. One of them is from the genus Aspergillus. This research aims to test the ability of Aspergillus genus fungi in suppressing the intensity of P. oryzae attack on ciherang rice varieties. The research methods were isolation and identification of rhizosphere fungi, propagation of P. oryzae, antagonistic test of rhizosphere fungi against P. oryzae in vivo, and reisolation of fungi from rice plant tissues. This research used a completely randomised design (CRD) consisting of 9 treatments and 3 replications. Data obtained from this research were statistically analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's honest significant difference test at the 5% level The results showed that Aspergillus sp1 and Aspergillus sp2 fungi could significantly reduce the intensity of blast disease attack caused by P. oryzae isolates from Moncongloe and Simbang regions..
Management of rice blast disease (Pyricularia oryzae) using formulated bacterial consortium
Emirates Journal of Food …, 2012
Rice blast caused by Pyricularia oryzae is a major disease affecting rice production grown in upland and wetland rice. Application of beneficial bacteria as seedling root dip and spraying method to protect against the disease may be an alternative strategy to chemical control. This research was aimed to explore the bacterial consortium that may control blast disease on rice plants. In this study, the following bacterial cultures and their consortiums were used: Bacillus firmus E65, Serratia marcescens E31, Pseudomonas aeruginosa C32b, Bacillus cereus II.14, and its combination for their suppression ability against P. oryzae under in-vitro conditions. The results showed that A2 (Bacillus firmus E65) and A6 consortium (Bacillus firmus E65, Bacillus cereus II.14, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa C32b) significantly reduced the mycelial growth of P. oryzae with the percentage inhibition of 73-85% and 66-83%, respectively. Further greenhouse testing conducted with use of formulative preparation of the two selected best treatments using talc, bentonite, palm oil, and suspensionbased carriers showed that spraying with suspension formulation had good effect in suppressing blast disease compared with that of other carriers evaluated.
International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, 2015
Rice blast caused by Pyricularia grisea Sacc. is the important disease of rice and different fungicides against this disease were evaluated in summer 2014 at Karma Research and Development Center, Jyotinagar, Chitwan, Nepal. A susceptible rice cultivar 'Mansuli' was planted in randomized complete block design and fungicides viz. Tricyclazole 22% + Hexaconazole 3% SC (0.2%), Streptomycin 5% + Thiophanate Methyl 50% WP (0.15%), Prochloraz 25% EC (0.3%), Kasugamycin 2% WP (0.2%), Hexaconazole 4% + Zineb 68 % WP (0.2%) and Udaan (Hexaconazole 3% SC) (0.2%) were sprayed thrice at weekly interval starting from the booting stage. All these fungicides were found to be effective in controlling leaf and neck blast disease as compare to control one. Among them, Tricyclazole 22% + Hexaconazole 3% SC was found to be the most effective with least leaf blast severity (6.23%), neck blast incidence (8.97%), and highest percentage disease control (87.08% and 79.62% in leaf blast and neck blast respectively) and grain yield (4.23 t/ha) followed by Prochloraz 25% EC (0.3%) and Udaan (Hexaconazole 3% SC) (0.2%). It is therefore concluded that Tricyclazole 22% + Hexaconazole 3% SC fungicide could be used to control rice blast at weekly interval starting from the booting stage for three times.
Identification of resistant sources and management of rice blast through fungicides
Surveys conducted during Kharif 2014 and 2015 in major Basmati rice growing areas of Haryana revealed that the neck blast (Pyricularia grisea) incidence ranged from traces to 20% in commercially grown Basmati varieties. The average disease incidence was highest in Basmati CSR 30 (1.20-2.12%) followed by Pusa Basmati 1121 (1.09-1.60%) while it was the lowest (traces) in Pusa Basmati 1509. Out of 88 scented genotypes, five genotypes viz. HKR 08-425, HKR 10-579, HKR 11-509, PAB 21-663 and Pusa 1485-06-8-10-5-15-11 showed consistent resistance to leaf blast under natural epiphytotic conditions of uniform blast nursery during kharif seasons 2014 and 2015. Amongst fungicides evaluated against neck blast, combination of tricyclazole 45% + hexaconazole 10% WG @ 1.0 g/l was found to be the most effective and statistically at par with standard fungicide tricyclazole @ 0.6 g/l in reducing the neck blast incidence and enhanced grain yield of paddy variety, Basmati CSR 30 followed by combination of tricyclazole 18% + mancozeb 62% @ 2.5 g/l.
Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University
The aim of this research was to measure the ability of endophytic fungi isolated from rice to inhibit the growth of Pyricularia oryzae, the pathogen that causes rice blast. Phialemonium curvatum had the greatest inhibitory effect against P. oryzae (66.6%), followed by Phaeosphaeriopsis musae (63.3%), making these species good canditates for biocontrol agents against P. oryzae.
Rice blast caused by Pyricularia grisea Cave continues to be a major constraint in rice production. Since, the existing chemical control measures being costly and may favour development of resistance in pathogens, the potential alternative methods have been explored in the present studies. Five plant part extracts viz mahua leaf extract (Madhuca indica), karla leaf extract (Holarrhena antidysenterica), Garlic bulb extract (Allium sativam), van tulsa leaf extract (Hiptis suaveolens) and neem leaf extract (Azadirachta indica) were evaluated their efficacy against leaf and neck blast of rice (variety, swarna). Ediphenphas 50EC was used for standard check fungicides for comparison. The results concluded that the garlic bulb extract @20ml was found significantly more effective as an alternative to conventional chemical fungicide.