Knowledge and Oral Health Attitudes among Care Providers of Children with Intellectual Disabilities: A Cross-sectional Study (original) (raw)
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Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 2021
Introduction Good oral health is of paramount importance not only for chewing but also plays a major rolein overall healthy development of a child. Differently abled children may not be able to look after their oralhealth and hygiene themselves. Every child has the equal right for healthy development and opportunities invarious fields of life. As most of the differently-abled children perform their regular activities with the helpof or under the supervision of a family member or caregiver, it is important for the parents or caregivers tohave sufficient knowledge about oral hygiene measures in order to guide the child efficiently.Materials and Method: A structured modified oral health awareness questionnaire having two componentssociodemographic data and questionnaire- related to oral hygiene habits, sugar exposure, and oral healthseeking behaviour was constructed. The parents and guardians of 200 institutionalized physically/mentallychallenged students were asked to fill up the ques...
Program to promote oral hygiene habits in children with intellectual disabilities
2015
An intervention study of health education was conducted in order to assess the impact of a program to promote oral hygiene habits in children with intellectual disabilities (ID). The study was quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test, and included 13 children with intellectual disabilities, ranging between 9 and 12 years old. The program consisted of 6 sessions, whose activities are designed to encourage participation and interest of children with ID. The results showed an improvement in oral hygiene habits. The implementation of programs to promote hygiene, appropriate activities designed with the cognitive level of the population favors the oral health status.
Assessment of Oral Health among Intellectually Disabled Residing at Special Care Home in Raichur
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2023
Introduction: Oral health contributes to holistic health, which should be a right rather than privilege. Intellectual disability means a significantly reduced ability to understand new or complex information. To make the health services according to the needs of intellectually disabled we must first know the oral hygiene practices they follow, their diet and oral problems from their perspective. Objective: To assess the knowledge, behavior, perception and practices of intellectually disabled towards oral health. Methodology: Convenience sampling was done. Sample was taken from special care home in Raichur. A closed ended, specially designed and modified questionnaire was used. Individuals residing in Nirasritara Parihara Kendra with recognized intellectual disability were included in the study. Individuals who are not able to participate were excluded. Total sample size was 100. Results: Mean age group was 42.7. Out of 100, 36% participants thought their oral condition was poor,68% never visited dentist,80% were never aware of dentist,71% were not interested in visiting dentist and 56% said they won't be ready for treatment. Conclusion: This study concluded that there is lack of awareness about dentists in intellectually disabled people residing in special care home in Raichur. The individuals with disabilities deserve the same opportunities for dental services as those who are healthy.
Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 2018
Background Children with intellectual disabilities (ID) have usually been reported to have poorer levels of oral hygiene and higher prevalence of dental caries than their compeers. The present study was conducted to assess the status of dental caries and oral hygiene in different categories of institutionalised children with ID (syndromic and non-syndromic) registered in various special schools of Delhi (National Capital Region, India). Methods The present cross sectional study was conducted on 269 children [52 with cerebral palsy (CP), 35 with Down syndrome (DS), 30 with autism and 152 with non-syndromic intellectual disability] attending nine special schools who were examined for dental caries [Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth index for permanent teeth (DMFT); decayed, missing/indicated for extraction, filled index for primary teeth (dmft) and prevalence of caries] and oral hygiene status [Oral Hygiene Index-simplified (OHI-S)]. The levels of disability were classified according to Stanford Binet scale as severe (IQ ≤ 35), moderate (IQ = 36-51) and mild (IQ = 52-67). Statistical analysis was performed using one way analysis of variance and post hoc test to compare the levels between groups at a significance level of P < 0.05. Results Mean DMFT, dmft and OHI-S indices scores for all the children irrespective of the category and the level of ID were 2.12 ± 1.95, 0.97 ± 1.60 and 2.05 ± 1.07, respectively. As the level of ID increased among these children, the mean DMFT index and OHI-S index increased with no significant effect on dmft. However, children with severe ID had higher OHI-S and DMFT scores than children with mild or moderate ID. The dental caries prevalence was 86.53%, 68.57%, 76% and 86.18% in children with CP, DS, autism and nonsyndromic intellectual disability, respectively. Conclusions The level of caries in permanent teeth and oral hygiene deteriorated with the increasing severity of ID as indicated by DMFT and OHI-S scores (severe > mild, moderate). However, the level of caries (dmft) was not affected by the level of ID in primary dentition. The prevalence of dental caries was highest among children with CP and least among children with DS.
BMC Public Health
Background People with intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) have poor oral health and need support to maintain optimal oral health outcomes. Little is known about how, when and where to intervene for this population. Thus the aim of this review was to summarise the existing evidence surrounding improving oral health outcomes for people with IDD. Methods A scoping literature review was conducted focusing on ‘oral health’ and ‘intellectual disability’. Systematic searches of five electronic databases were conducted in line with the study aims and two authors independently examined all records for relevance, with consensus achieved by a third author. Results A small number of approaches and interventions were identified to support people with IDD to independently maintain optimal oral hygiene. Identified studies highlighted that caregivers play a vital role in the provision of oral health support, emphasising the effectiveness of educational interventions for caregivers. How...
Importance of Oral Hygiene Habits in Mentally Disabled Children
International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 2010
Background: The main factor related to gingival/periodontal problems in disabled individuals is the inadequacy of the plaque removal from the teeth. Motor coordination problems and muscular limitation in neuromuscularly disabled individuals along with the difficulty in understanding the importance of oral hygiene in mentally disabled individuals have resulted in the progression of inflammatory diseases. Case report: This report describes a case of cerebral palsy child who developed gingival hyperplasia due to poor oral hygiene practices which remarkably improved by proper motivation and adaptation of oral hygiene measures. Conclusion: It is important that the caretakers especially mother is informed about the importance of maintaining proper oral hygiene and the harmful effects of not doing so. It forms our duty to guide them towards maintaining good oral hygiene and thereby help in improving overall health of these children.
International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 2022
caries if they reside at home and are pampered with cariogenic snacks and other unhealthy eating habits. 5 An important component in reducing the caries/gingivitis rate in these children worldwide is to provide information to the parents, guardian, and caregivers regarding the causes and self-care prevention of dental disease. Understanding of oral health among the parents is typically lacking due to inadequacy of oral health programs conducted in institutions or schools for these special children. Most of the parents lack sufficient knowledge of importance of oral health, while the instruction aids available to them are often inadequate and outdated. 6 WHO in 1981 first started the medical services for handicapped children. Since then, a number of specialist pediatric dentists are willing and qualified to provide dental health services to this group of children. 7 Also, with relatively few investigations done into the introduction Oral health is an important aspect of health for all children, and is all the more important for children with special health needs. Individuals with disabilities or illnesses receive less oral care than the normal population in spite of the high level of dental diseases among them. It has been reported that dental treatment is the greatest unattended health need of the disabled people. 1 The primary aim of dental services for disabled people should be to prevent dental diseases, which require proper planning and implementation of services. It has been established that the children in the population are priority group in planning and health program. A normal child gets the benefit of love and care from his or her parents and society where as the unprivileged children such as physically handicapped, mentally handicapped, and socially handicapped are neglected by their own kith and kin as well as the society. 2 Their oral health condition may be influenced by age, severity of impairment, and living conditions. Individuals with special needs may have great limitations in oral hygiene performance due to their potential motor, sensory, and intellectual disabilities, 3 and so are prone to poor oral health. This group of individuals may also not understand and assume responsibility for or cooperate with preventive oral health practices. Those who are very young, those with severe impairments, and those living in institutions are dependent on parents, siblings or caregivers for general care including oral hygiene. Many parents/caregivers do not have the requisite knowledge or values to recognize the importance of oral hygiene and do not themselves practice appropriate oral hygiene or choose a proper diet. 4 They may be more susceptible to dental
2018
Background: Maintaining personal hygiene in children with mental retardation are needed especially oral hygiene are closely related to oral health, it is often found in people with mental retardation are dental caries and periodontal disease. The role of parents in helping mentally retarded child's ability in maintaining personal hygiene is the implementation parenting practiced in parenting. Method : The design that used in this research is correlational analytic (correlational study), and the research design used "cross-sectional". Total sampling obtained a sample of 30 respondents. The instrument used was a questionnaire sheet parenting parents questionnaire and checklist for the ability of personal hygiene (oral hygiene) mentally retarded children. Results : Results of research conducted on 30 respondents based parenting that democratic criteria as much as 24 respondents (80%), the characteristics respondents based on the ability personal hygiene (oral hygiene...
Oral hygiene education programme for intellectually impaired students attending a special school
2009
Background: The oral health of individuals with intellectual impairment in Greece has been found to be poor, particularly their periodontal status, mainly due to lack of oral hygiene. Aim: To test a school-based programme for young adults with intellectual impairment, by evaluating their plaque removal efficacy when trained weekly for three months and the effectiveness of this programme, two years after training. Design: The sample consisted of 57 students with intellectual impairment, mean IQ 45 and mean age 21years-old, who attended a special school in Athens, Greece and whom it was thought could be trained in oral hygiene practices. For three months, students watched a weekly oral health presentation, practised brushing on model teeth, had their plaque disclosed and recorded by OHI-S index and then brushed their own teeth under supervision. Plaque was re-evaluated two years after training. Results were analysed using paired t-test. Results: The mean plaque scores before and after...
Introduction: Dental care is the most common unmet health care need in children with special health care needs. The aim of this study was to assess and compare oral health status and treatment needs of institutionalized and non institutionalized children between the ages of 5 and 13 in Navi Mumbai, India. Material and Methods: The study consisted of 100 institu-tionalized and 100 non institutionalized children disabled. For each child, caries, oral hygiene status and treatment need was assessed. Results: The institutionalized disabled children showed lower caries experience in both primary and permanent teeth as compared to that of non institutionalized disabled children. Poor oral hygiene was seen in institutionalized disabled children as compared to non institutionalized disabled children. Conclusions: The oral hygiene measures used and degree of mental retardation were significantly associated with oral hygiene status in both institutionalized and non institutionalized disabled children.