Aqueous Extract of Moringa (Moringa Oleifera) Leaf (Aemol) on the Growth, Sensory and Histology Parameters of Broiler Chickens (original) (raw)
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Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2017
Due to public health hazards of subtherapeutic use of antibiotics in poultry feed, there is a need for alternatives. Moringa oleifera is a phytobiotic, which is reported to possess antimicrobial and immuno-modulatory properties. This study aimed to investigate effects of M. oleifera leaf powder (MOLP) supplementation on growth performance and intestinal microarchitecture of broiler chickens. Day-old broiler chicks (n = 100) were randomly divided into five groups with four replicates each having five birds. Birds were fed a corn-based basal diet or the same diet supplemented with 0.6, 0.9, 1.2 and 1.5% MOLP. Body weight and feed conversion ratio were recorded on weekly basis. On day 35, two birds per replicate were selected to collect samples of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecal tonsils and bursa of Fabricius. Tissue samples were stained with haematoxylin and eosin or combined alcian blue and PAS technique. Supplementation of MOLP had no effect on feed intake, feed conversion ratio, bursa weight and intra-epithelial lymphocytes (IEL) count. Birds fed with 1.2% MOLP had higher (p < 0.05) body weight, length and empty weight of small intestine, and weight of empty and filled ceca. Villus height (duodenum, jejunum, ileum), villus surface area (duodenum) and villus height:crypt depth (ileum) were higher (p < 0.05) in 1.2% MOLP group compared with non-supplemented group. In duodenum, total goblet cell count was higher (p < 0.05) in all the supplemented groups when compared with non-supplemented birds. Acidic mucin count was higher (p < 0.05) in duodenum, jejunum and ileum of 1.2% MOLP group compared with the control group. Bursal follicle count was higher (p < 0.05) in 1.2% MOLP group compared with nonsupplemented group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 1.2% MOLP modulated intestinal microarchitecture and acidic mucin production without any apparent effect on growth.
Assessing the Efficiency of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Meal on the Growth Performance of Broiler Chicken
Journal of Applied Life Sciences and Environment
High cost of poultry feed and limited fishmeal are currently the major challenges in poultry production. To reduce cost while maximizing production, there is the need to use cheap but high nutritional feed sources like Moringa oleifera. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of Moringa oleifera on the growth performance of broiler chicken by measuring their live weight, rate of mortality, feed conversion ratio and benefit cost (b/c) ratio. Field experiment was carried out at the Animal Science Department farm, located in the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi-Ghana. A total of 30-day old chicks were raised for eight weeks under the required conditions, with all vaccines administered appropriately. The experiment was laid in a Complete Randomized Design with five treatments namely T1= 100% conventional feed only (as control), T2= 50% MoLM (Moringa oleifera Leaf Meal) + 50% conventional, T3= 75% MoLM + 25% conventional, T4= 25% MoLM + 75% conventional, ...
Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University
ARTICLE INFO There is a serious public health concern of the use of antibiotics sub-therapeutically and/or as growth promoter in poultry feed and water. Therefore, there is an urgent need for alternatives. Moringa oleifera is a phytobiotic, which has been reported to possess antimicrobial and immuno-modulatory properties. This study aimed to investigate the effects of aqueous M. oleifera leaf extract (MOLE) supplementation on growth performance and hematological indices of broiler chickens. The 36 day-old broiler chicks (Cobb 500) were randomly divided into three dietary groups (group A, B and C) having 12 birds in each. The group A was considered as negative control which had received the basal diet and fresh drinking water. The group B was fed with basal diet and antibiotics (Ciprofloxacin) plus Vitamin B-complex mixed drinking water(Positive control). The group C was fed with basal diet and drinking water supplemented with 1% MOLE. Body weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratios of the birds were recorded on weekly basis. On day 35 th of the feeding trail, blood samples from five birds per replicate were used for the study of hematological indices. Birds under Group C attained intermediate body weight (1892 g) and best FCR (1.48) those were comparable with that of Group B but better (p<0.05) than those of Group A. There was a trend of decrease (p>0.05) internal organs weight in Group C compared to other groups. However, zero mortality rate and similar hematological indices were observed in the birds across the treatments. Here, the results suggested that, the aqueous MOLE can be included in the drinking water of broiler chicken for reduced feed intake and improved feed conversion efficiency and it can be considered as an alternate to synthetic antibiotics as growth promoter to fight the emergence of antibiotic resistance phenomena in poultry industry.
Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences
P oultry production plays an important socioeconomic role in developing countries (Kondombo, 2005). However, the industry in the developing countries encounters constrains such as high costs of medicinal and feed ingredients (Abbas, 2013). Conventional poultry production has always been dependent on expensive protein and energy. These feedstuffs account for nearly 80% of the total costs of production (Nworgu and Fasogbon, 2007). The use of non-conventional feedstuff as alternative feed supplement with medicinal benefits especially to extensively reared chickens (indigenous) will be of great value. Utilization of plant leaf meals as alternative feed ingredients to conventional feed resources is gaining research interest in animal nutrition (Melesse et al., 2013). The medicinal plants having various phytochemical and bioactive components such as vitamins, carotenoids, polyphenols, and proteins are involved in enhancing long-term health benefits (Sravanthi and Rao, 2014). The use of natural medicinal products as feed additives for farm animals has been practised in ancient cultures (WHO 2001). Windisch and Kroismayr (2006) redefined phytobiotics as plant derived products added to the feed in order to improve performance of agricultural livestock. Antimicrobial activity and immune enhancement probably are the two major research Article Abstract | A 90-day feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of dietary Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) supplementation on blood indices and weight of internal organs of three indigenous chicken species. Moringa leaves were harvested by hand, air-dried and milled into M. oleifera leaf meal (MOLM). The leaf was chemically analysed and used to dilute a commercial broiler basal diet at 0 (MOLM0), 25 (MOLM25), 50 (MOLM50), and 100 (MOLM100) g/kg DM, producing four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic dietary treatments. Two hundred and sixteen (216) Potchefstroom Koekoek (PK), Ovambo (OV) and Black Australorp (BA) male chickens were raised on a commercial starter mash for 3 weeks in a 3 (chicken strains) x 4 (diets) factorial treatment arrangement in a complete randomised design (CRD) replicated 3 times. At 13 weeks of age, blood samples were taken from 6 chickens per treatment and used for biochemical and haematological analysis. Incremental levels of MOLM exhibited higher WBC than control diet (MOLM0). Higher inclusion levels of MOLM resulted in longer small intestines and heavier gizzards in all chicken strains. Low levels of ALT and ALKP were observed when chickens were fed incremental levels of MOLM. Inclusion of MOLM at levels up to 100g/kg had no adverse effects on health status of the chicken strains.
Moringa oleifera is an indigenous plant growing wild in Northern India and Pakistan. It was introduced into SouthEast Asia and now cultivated throughout the tropics (Hermogenes et al., 2012). Ogbe and John (2011) have mentioned that essential minerals and nutrients in Moringa oleifera leaves used as a source of feed supplement to improve growth performance and health status of broilers. The inclusion of protein from leaf source in diet for birds is quick attaining due to its accessibility in abundance and relatively cheap cost leaf meal do not only serve as protein sources but also provide some essential mineral, vitamins, oxycarotenoid that induce yellow coloration of broiler shank, skin and egg yolk (Onu and Aneibo, 2011). Akhouri et al. (2013) supplementation of Moringa Oleifera leaf extract in diet of broiler can be usefully used as an effective feed supplement for its supporting results in relation to feed conversion efficiency and body weight gain in the broilers. It is able t...
Applied Sciences
The efficacy of Moringa oleifera seed extract (MSE) in broiler nutrition is unknown. Thus, this study evaluated the effect of administering MSE through drinking water on physiological responses, carcass and meat quality traits, and bone parameters in Cobb 500 broilers. One-day-old male chicks (n = 250, 58.1 ± 0.23 g live-weight) were randomly allotted into five treatments of five replicates. The treatments were: negative control with drinking water only (NC); a positive control with 5 g probiotic (containing Aspergillus oryzae, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecium, and Lactobacillus acidophilus; bacterial count of 5 × 108 CFU/g) added into 1 L of drinking water (PC), 60 mL MSE/L drinking water (MSE60); 90 mL MSE/L drinking water (MSE90); and 120 mL MSE/L drinking water (MSE120). The MSE groups promoted higher (p < 0.05) carcass weights than the PC and NC control groups. Spleen weights quadratically responded to MSE levels. Gizzard weight, duodenum length, acidic goblet cell co...
Moringa Oleifera Leaves in Broiler Diets: Effect on Chicken Performance and Health
Moringa products have a wide range of applications in agricultural, industrial and pharmaceutical processes. Moringa leaves have a relatively high crude protein content which varies from 25% to 32%. A high proportion of this protein is potentially available for digestion due to a high proportion of pepsin soluble nitrogen (82-91 %) and low proportion (1-2%) of acid detergent insoluble protein.Determination of chemical composition was evaluated in Moringa Leaves then Five iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric experimental broiler diets were formulated as MOL0%, MOL5%, MOL10%, MOL15% and MOL20%, respectively and supplemented to broilers (10 chicks in each concentration) for 42 day. After 42 nd day, chemical analysis of lipid profile(triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and vLDL), and haematological analysis(Hb, RBC, PCV, MCV, MCHC, Plt, MPV, PCT, PDW, WBC, LYM, MON, GRA) were recorded. Also tissue sampling from Bursa, Spleen, and Thymus were collected and preserved in 10 % formalin for histopathological examination. The obtained values were statistically analysed by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) The chemical composition was determined in Moringa oleifera leaves, were ash, crude fiber, crude lipids, crude protein, total sugars, reducing sugar and non-reducing sugars. The highest effect of supplementation of moringa oleifera poultry diets on body weight of broiler, were 2293, 2318 and 2391gm, of treatments (10, 15 and 20% of MOL), respectively. Also, the more effective treatment were 20% of MOL of blood biochemical, lipid profile (triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and vLDL) and haematological parameters (HB, RBCs, Plt and WBCs), comparing with normal diets, histopathology of Bursa, Thymus, and Spleen showed improvement and hyperactivity in 15% and 20% MOL. Therefore, it is recommended to add Moringa oleifera at 15% and 20% in broiler diets to improve performance and health. INTRODUCTION Medicinal plants having various phytochemicals and bioactive components such as trace metal ions, vitamins, alkaloids, carotenoids, polyphenols, fats, carbohydrates, and proteins are involved in enhancing long-term health benefits. Sravanthi and Rao (2014). Moringa oleifera commonly known as (family: Moringaceae) horse radish tree or drumstick tree is both nutritional and medicinal with some useful minerals, vitamins, amino acids. Almost all the parts of this plant: root, bark, gum, leaf, fruit, Leaves, seed and seed oil have been used for various ailments in the indigenous medicine of South Asia, including the treatment of inflammation and infectious diseases along with cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hematological and hepatorenal disorders. Administration of Moringa oleifera leaf extract inhibited the growth of pathogenic gram positive and gram negative bacteria and antioxidant activity. Sreelatha and Padma(2009). There has been an increased interest in the utilization of the M. oleifera, in improving of ruminants farming and poultry performances. (AbouSekken, 2015). The growing popularity of the use of Moringa oleifera as a feed additive in poultry nutrition necessitates through investigation into its nutritional value, as well its impact on haematological parameters as a measure of both nutritional and medicinal benefits of the leaves in broiler chicks. Moringa oleifera leaves incorporated into maize meal poultry feed led to better growth performance of the chicks and a significant increase in the serum level of biochemical minerals compared to the maize meal feed alone. Several studies have reported that the use of Moringa oleifera leaves as feed supplements in livestock, the optimal concentration of Moringa oleifera leaves as a nutritional supplement has not yet been determined and there are only limited reports on the bioactive constituents of Moringa oleifera leaves and their impact on meat antioxidant status Hassan et al., (2016). The objective of this study was to examine the effect of various levels of Moringa oleifera leaves meal as a new source of antioxidant on productive and physiological parameters of broiler chicks under heat stress condition.
Productive Performance and Immune Response of Two Broiler Breeds to Dietary Moringa Supplementation
Antibiotic growth promoters were widely used to improve broiler performance however with the increased problems associated with its use such as their residues and subsequent resistance to bacteria has caused them to replace antibiotics for herbs and plant extract alternatives (phytogenics). One hundred and fifty Cobb500 chicks and 150 Ross 308 chicks were distributed from two to six weeks of age into three treatments (50 birds/ treatment) which included 2% Moringa oleifera supplemented ration (M 2%), 3% Moringa oleifera supplemented ration (M 3%) and control treatment for both breeds, moreover, chicks of each treatment were distributed into five replicates (10 birds/replicate). Ross breed achieved significantly higher (P<0.05) body weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, carcass weight and breast muscle weight compared to Cobb breed. Moreover Ross breed responded better to dietary Moringa oleifera supplementation than Cobb. Firstly M(3%) was decreasing body weight and weight gain than M(2%) however with time the opposite occurred with carcass cuts and internal organs weights were not affected significantly (P<0.05) with dietary Moringa oleifera supplementation. Ross 308 breed showed an increase in HI titer against Newcastle disease virus than Cobb 500 breed. Finally we concluded that the Ross breed respond better to dietary Moringa oleifera supplementation. However, more future researches are required to study the response of different broiler breeds to different dietary Moringa levels.
Agriculture
Moringa oleifera seed extract (MSE) contains phytochemicals that can improve chicken production and health. However, the amount that can be orally administered to the birds is unknown. Thus, this study investigated the optimum level of MSE, administered through drinking water, on nutrient digestibility, growth performance, and haematological and serum biochemical parameters in broilers. A total of 250, one-day-old Cobb 500 male broilers (58.11 ± 0.23 g live-weight) were randomly allocated into five treatments with five replicates of 10 birds each. The treatments were: a negative control involving drinking water only (T1) and positive controls with 5 g multi-strain probiotic/L water (T2), 60 mL MSE/L water (T3), 90 mL MSE/L water (T4), and 120 mL MSE/L water (T5). Crude protein and neutral detergent fibre digestibility linearly decreased, whereas overall water intake and weight gain in one-week-old birds increased linearly (p < 0.05) as MSE levels increased. T1 promoted higher (p ...
Nigerian Journal of Animal Science, 2020
The effectiveness and accessibility of broiler feed additives and antibiotics could be challenging to farmers. There is therefore the need to research into the effectiveness of the use of substitute feed additives. Moringa (Moringa oleifera) and neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves are edible plants to both humans and animals that can be included as feed additives. This work was conducted to determine the effect of different levels of Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MLM) and neem leaf meal (NLM) as substitute feed additives/antibiotics and their effects on the performance of broilers. Two hundred and ten (210) day-old Abor Acres broiler chicks were randomly allotted to seven dietary treatments of three replicates each. The parameters investigated were feed intake, final weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, meat quality, sensory evaluation, mortality and bacterial counts. The final weight for broilers fed with MLM and NLM diets were higher than those fed with conventional feed. The b...