Study to Know the Various Causes of Maxillofacial Fractures (A Descriptive Study) (original) (raw)

A retrospective study on the epidemiology and treatment of maxillofacial fractures

Ulusal Travma Ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi Turkish Journal of Trauma Emergency Surgery Tjtes, 2009

Background: Maxillofacial injuries constitute a substantial proportion of cases of trauma. This descriptive analytical study assesses the cause, type, incidence, and demographic and treatment data of maxillofacial fractures. Methods: A retrospective study on maxillofacial traumas was carried out in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at Sişli Etfal Hospital (Istanbul, Turkey) between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2005. The study included 216 patients with a mean age of 29.8 years. Sex and age distribution of patients, etiology of trauma, localization of the fractures, treatment modalities, time to treatment after the trauma, and postoperative complications were recorded. Results: The male predilection was 75.5%. Road traffic accident was the most common causative factor (67.1%), followed by interpersonal violence (19.4%), falls (12.5%), and work- and sport-related accidents (0.9%). A total of 50% of the patients suffered isolated mandibular fractures, 23.6% had isolated midface fractures, and 26.3% had combined midface and mandibular fractures. Regarding distribution of mandibular fractures, the majority (26.8%) occurred in the parasymphysis, 14.8% in the angulus, and 11.1% each in the symphysis and corpus. Complications occurred in 6% of patients, and the most common was malocclusion followed by infection and nonunion. Conclusion: The causes and pattern of maxillofacial fractures reflect trauma patterns within the community and, as such, can provide a guide for the design of programs geared toward prevention and treatment.

An Analysis of Maxillofacial Fractures: A 5-Year Survey of 157 Patients

Military Medicine, 2004

The purpose of this study was to review retrospectively the outcomes for 157 patients treated for maxillofacial fractures between 1994 and 1999 at one military hospital in Turkey. Significant data were collected according to age, gender, time of injury, type of facial injuries, cause of injury, treatment methods, and postinjury and postoperative complications. Fractures resulting from gunshot wounds were excluded in this study. Fractures were examined in two groups according to the type of fracture, i.e., isolated or combined. Methods of fixation with closed or open reduction were used to treat the fractures. Fixation was performed with miniplates, compression plates, microplates, reconstruction plates, and wires for open reduction, and stabilization was performed with arch bars for closed reduction. Complications were recorded in two groups, i.e., postinjury and postoperative complications. There were 151 male patients (96.18%) and 6 female patients (3.82%). The patients ranged in age from 15 to 62 years (mean, 22.8 years). In our study, it was determined that the most significant causes of maxillofacial fractures were traffic accidents (69 cases, 43.95%) and fighting (42 cases, 26.75%). Most fractures were in the mandible (161 fractures). It was observed that most of the mandibular fractures were in the body (49 fractures, 30.43%) and condylar (42 fractures, 26.09%) regions. Of the 223 maxillofacial fractures, 63.68% (142 fractures) were treated with closed reduction and 36.32% (81 fractures) were treated with open reduction. Postinjury complications included infections (local infection or osteomyelitis), nerve injuries (alveolaris inferior, facial, lingual, and infraorbital nerves), and a salivary gland fistula, and postoperative complications included infection, facial asymmetry, and malocclusion.

Prevalence of Maxillofacial Fractures and Related Factors: A Five-Year Retrospective Study

Trauma Monthly

Objectives: The aim of the current study was to assess the prevalence and causes of maxillofacial fractures in a five-year period among patients referring to Taleghani Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on patients with maxillofacial fractures from the beginning of 2013 until the end of 2017. Demographic factors, fracture site, fracture type, the cause of fracture, and performed treatment were recorded. Results: There were 708 patients with maxillofacial fractures; most cases were in men (85.2%) and in the second and third decades of life (53.8%). The majority of the fractures were in the mandible with the incidence rate of 64.7%. In addition, the causes of maxillofacial fractures were due to car accident (CA) (29.4%), motor vehicle accident (MVA) (28.7%), and falling down (FD) (21%). No significant difference was observed in the type of fracture between the sex and age (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Maxillofacial fractures were associated with serious health problems, specifically in young males following CA and MVA.

The pattern of the maxillofacial fractures – A multicentre retrospective study

Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, 2012

Aim of the present study was to report on the survey of fractures, frequency of presentation, sex and age distributions, aetiology, site distributions, associated injuries & modalities of treatment rendered at muticentres treated by the division of oral and maxillofacial surgery between 2000 and 2005 in Karnataka state of India. Study revealed that the common cause for the facial fractures was found to be traffic accidents (72.7%) with a male preponderance and peak incidence during 20e30 years of age. Isolated mandibular fractures were most frequent [1035 patients (41.7%)] followed by isolated mid face fractures [526 patients (21.2%)]. Among mid face fractures, zygomatic bone and arch were most frequently involved. Open reduction and internal fixation and closed method were used in almost the same frequency. Traffic accidents are the leading cause of the maxillofacial fractures from the observation made from the study. Legislations preventive measures to be enforced and abided by every citizen.

Maxillofacial fractures: A retrospective study

IP innovative publication pvt. ltd, 2019

Abstract Introduction: Aim of the retrospective study is to determine the type and frequency of the maxillofacial fractures and to assess their sex, age, site distribution, and treatment accordingly. Materials and Methods: Study was conducted based on year-wise data collected from 2015 to 2018, with 280 cases recorded. Results: Study group consists of total 280 patients, out of which 28(10%) were females and rest 252(90%) were males. The most common maxillofacial fractures are mandibular fractures in which body of the mandible have the highest occurrence rate and among 280 cases, 187(66.78%) were treated by open reduction and fixation. Conclusion: Results of the study shows the majority of injuries were in males and Mandible was the most commonly fractured bone with the body of the mandible region as the most frequent site. Open reduction and fixation remain the choice of treatment. Keywords: Mandibular fractures, Maxillary fractures, Closed reduction, Open reduction, Fixation.

Maxillofacial fractures: Analysis of demographic distribution in 320 patients

The descriptive study was undertaken to analyze the demographic distribution of maxillofacial fractures in 320 patients reported to the department of patients records and radiographs was conducted. Data regarding age, gender and cause of fracture were reviewed. The age range was 2-76 years (mean 25 yrs) with peak frequency occurring in age group 21-30 yrs. The male to female ratio was 5.4:1. The study indicated that 64.7% (n=206) resulted from road traffic accidents (RTAs) followed by fall (n=60; 18.8%), assault (n=26; 8.1%), sports (n=17; 5.3%), firearm injury [FM (n=3; 0.9%)], industrial trauma (n=2; 0.6%) while 5 cases (1.65%) were associated with other causes such as bomb blast, animal injury etc. This study can provide a guide to the design of programs geared toward prevention and treatment.

A study of pattern of maxillofacial fractures and its complications

International Surgery Journal, 2020

Background: Incidence of maxillofacial fractures is quite high worldwide. A very important aesthetic function is served by maxillofacial skeleton moreover the prominent position of maxillofacial skeleton makes it more susceptible to fracture.Methods: A prospective study was done to assess the main etiology and pattern of maxillofacial fractures of 60 patients who came to the emergency department of Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical sciences and Research between January 2018 and June 2019.Results: Total number of patients taken for this study were 60. The number of male patients were 56 (93.33%) and number of female patients were 4 (6.66%) and male to female ratio was (14:1). The age range spanned from 11 years to 70 years with (mean age=37.30 years, SD=14.27). Primary etiologic factor for maxillofacial fractures was road traffic accidents (49, 81.66%), followed by fall (8, 13.33%), and assault accounted for (3, 5%). Total 229 fractures were present in 60 patients. Concerning the...

Evaluation of maxillofacial fracture cases: A retrospective study

Yeditepe Dental Journal

The purpose of this study is to characterize the fractures in relation to age, gender, mechanism of injury, and anatomic location of fractures. Materials and Method: Seventy-nine patients admitted to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Kocaeli University Faculty of Dentistry between July 2013 and June 2018 with the diagnosis of the maxilla or mandible fracture and who have been treated, were included in our study. Data were collected regarding age, sex, etiology, time distribution, site of the fracture, treatment protocol and evaluated. Results: A total of 79 patients with 101 fractures were included in this study. The results were achieved from 58 (73.4%) males and 21 (26.6%) females, whose ages ranged from 7 to 65 years and the mean age was 31.36±13.07. Traffic accidents (30.4%) were the major cause of etiology of the trauma and followed by violence (27.8%) and falls (17.7%). The most common fractured anatomic sites were angulus (34.6%) and parasymphyseal regions (17.8%). Conclusion: Maxillofacial fractures result from various types of facial trauma. Traffic accident and violence are the most common etiological factors for these fractures. A deeper understanding of preventive actions to reduce falls, traffic accidents and aggression in the population can be beneficial to people in terms of quality of life.

Maxillofacial Fractures: A Three-Year Survey

Journal of Current Surgery

Background: Maxillofacial fractures constitute a substantial proportion of trauma globally. The main causes worldwide are road traffic accidents (RTAs), falls, assaults, sports, firearm injuries and industrial trauma. The highest incidence is commonly seen in the young age group with majority being male. The most common site in maxillofacial injuries is the mandible followed by the zygomatic complex, maxilla, and alveolar process. Maxillofacial trauma also poses a significant socioeconomic burden on affected individuals. Hence appropriate treatment and prevention of these morbidities and possible mortality is necessary. This study is therefore aimed at analyzing the prevalence, pattern of presentation of maxillofacial injuries at Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH) in Western Nigeria. Methods: A retrospective review of 182 patients diagnosed and treated for maxillofacial injuries at the Oral and Maxillofacial Department of the LASUTH was conducted. Data were obtained from clinical notes and records of radiological findings noting patient's age, gender, etiologic factors (RTA, assault, sport, and fall), anatomic site of injury and different definitive treatment modalities. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 20 using various descriptive statistical tools. Mean and standard deviation were calculated for quantitative variable like age while frequency and percentage were calculated for qualitative variables like gender and site of fracture. Results: Majority of patients were male (72.0%) with a male to female ratio of 1:0.4. Most patients were between 31 and 40 (34.1%) years of age. RTA accounting for 73.1% of the injuries was the most common cause for maxillofacial injury followed by assault (19.2%). Majority of injuries due to RTA were of motorcycles accidents (33.6%). The most common sites of fracture out of 226 sites were in the mandible (62.8%, P = 0.003). Among the mandibular fracture sites, 28.2% affected the body of the mandible. Majority (31.9%) of the studied patients presented within 24 h (≤ 1 day). Out of the 182 patients, 68.1% were treated by close reduction. Conclusions: RTA represented the major etiological factor of maxillofacial injuries. The mandible remains the most affected bone of the facial skeleton. Closed reduction is the most common approach used for treatment.

Frequency and Etiology of Maxillofacial Fractures in Tertiary Care Hospital

Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences

Trauma is a global issue that causes illness and death. Maxillofacial fractures are common following trauma. Aims: To determine the frequency and etiology of maxillofacial fractures in oral and maxillofacial trauma patients. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional. Methodology: The entire study population was adult having oral and maxillofacial trauma visiting the outpatient/emergency department at Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar from April to October 2018. Patients (n=205) were enrolled. Detailed history with examination was done. An OPG (orthopantomogram) radiographic confirmation of maxillofacial fracture was performed, PA face (Reverse Towne’s view open mouth), occipitomental (OM) view, sub-mentovertex (SMV) view and computerized tomography (CT) scan when needed. All this information was recorded on Performa. Statistical analysis: Data was analyzed using SPSS version 26. Results were presented as frequency and percentage. Results: Majority of patients (56.1%) suffered from...