Causes and trends of adult mortality in southern Ethiopia: an eight-year follow up database study (original) (raw)
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Cause-Specific Mortality Fraction (CSMF) of adult mortality in Butajira, South Central Ethiopia
PLOS global public health, 2023
Cause-and context-specific mortality data are imperative to understand the extent of health problems in low-income settings, where national death registration and cause of death identification systems are at a rudimentary stage. Aiming to estimate cause-specific mortality fractions, adult (15+ years) deaths between January 2008 and April 2020 were extracted from the Butajira health and demographic surveillance system electronic database. The physician review and a computerized algorithm, InterVA (Interpreting Verbal Autopsy), methods were used to assign the likely causes of death from January 2008 to April 2017 (the first) and May 2017 to April 2020 (the second) phase of the surveillance period, respectively. Initially, adult mortality rates per 1000py across sex and age were summarized. A total of 1,625 deaths were captured in 280, 461 person-years, with an overall mortality rate of 5.8 (95%CI: 5.5, 6.0) per 1000py. Principally, mortality fractions for each specific cause of death were estimated, and for 1,571 deaths, specific causes were determined. During the first phase, the leading cause of death was tuberculosis (13.6%), followed by hypertension (6.6%) and chronic liver disease (5.9%). During the second phase, digestive neoplasms (17.3%), tuberculosis (12.1%), and stroke (9.4%) were the leading causes of death, respectively. Moreover, tuberculosis was higher among persons aged 50+ (15.0%), males (13.8%), and in rural areas (14.1%) during the first phase. Hypertensive diseases were higher among females (7.9%) and in urbanities. In the second phase, digestive neoplasms were higher in the age group of 50-64 years (25.4%) and females (19.0%), and stroke was higher in older adults (65+) (10%) and marginally higher among males (9.7%). Our results showed that tuberculosis and digestive neoplasms were the most common causes of death. Hence, prevention, early detection, and management of cases at all levels of the existing healthcare system should be prioritized to avert premature mortality.
Population health metrics, 2017
Reliable data on causes of death form the basis for building evidence on health policy, planning, monitoring, and evaluation. In Ethiopia, the majority of deaths occur at home and civil registration systems are not yet functional. The main objective of verbal autopsy (VA) is to describe the causes of death at the community or population level where civil registration and death certification systems are weak and where most people die at home without having had contact with the health system. Causes of death were classified and prepared based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). The cause of a death was ascertained based on an interview with next of kin or other caregivers using a standardized questionnaire that draws information on signs, symptoms, medical history, and circumstances preceding death. The cause of death, or the sequence of causes that led to death, is assigned based on the data collected by the questionnaire. The complete VA questionnaires were giv...
2020
Introduction: Measuring the burden of disease and identifying the cause of mortality are very important to improve the health care system and to understand the key challenges of population health and monitoring progress achieved by the intervention programs. Aim of the research: To systematically analyze the existing evidence to bring a solution. Material and methods: The research used data from the Global Burden of Disease study (GBD 2016) and Global Health Estimates (GHE) 2016, which originally collected the information through vital registration, verbal autopsy, surveys, reports, published scientific articles, and modelling. Results: In 2016, an estimated 700108.8 (95% CI: 588955.7-831398.4) deaths were recorded in Ethiopia, with an overall crude death rate (CDR) of 683.7/100,000 and an age-standardized death rate (ASDR) of 1048.3/100,000 population. Both declined, by 53.7% and 42.3% respectively, from the 2000 estimate. Group I causes (communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional-CMNN), group II causes (non-communicable diseases-NCD), and group III causes (injuries) contributed to 37%, 53%, and 11.7% of ASDR, respectively. The ASDR due to group I, group II, and group III causes declined by 61.8%, 12.5%, and 36%, respectively. Ischemic heart disease, lower respiratory infections, diarrheal diseases, stroke, and tuberculosis were the top five causes of ASDR. Disability-adjusted life years lost (DALYs) due to all causes among all ages declined by 34.8% between 2000 and 2016. Of the 46,507,400 DALYs in 2016, group I, group II, and group III causes accounted for 54%, 34%, and 11.7% of national DALYs, respectively. DALYs due to group I causes declined by more than 52%, while DALYs due to group 2 causes increased by 31.5%. Conclusions: Even though morbidity and mortality ascribed to communicable diseases declined remarkably, the burden of NCD is still higher and some of the existing communicable diseases caused higher mortality and DALYs. Streszczenie Wprowadzenie: Ocena obciążenia chorobami i identyfikacja przyczyn śmiertelności mają bardzo istotne znaczenie dla poprawy działania systemu opieki zdrowotnej, zrozumienia kluczowych wyzwań związanych ze zdrowiem populacyjnym oraz monitorowania postępów osiągniętych dzięki programom interwencyjnym. Cel pracy: Analiza dostępnych dowodów pod kątem wypracowania rozwiązań.
International Journal of Chronic Diseases
Background. The continuing rise in the burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) is a key global health agendum due to the fact that NCDs cause more deaths than all other causes combined together. Although measuring the burden of NCD is very important to improve the existing health care systems and to monitor the progress of the program, a comprehensive estimate is lacking in Ethiopia. Hence, we aimed to systematically analyze the existing evidence to bring a solution. Methods. The research used data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD 2016) and Global Health Estimates 2016 that originally collected the information through vital registration, verbal autopsy, surveys, reports, and modeling. Results. In 2016, NCD caused an estimated 274998.8 (95% CI: 211290.2–362882.1) deaths among all ages and both genders with a crude death rate of 268.5/100000 and age-standardized death rate (ASDR) of 554.7/100000 population. It contributed to 39.3% of the total death, 53% of ASDR, and 34%...